That's a lot of questions, John. 
Nevertheless, as you took the time to ask them, I'll take the time to reply. Please note though, I want to remain true to the focus of the thread. If I wanted to discuss evolution only I would have started a thread on it. I didn't. I want to explore Ruse's ideas and see how they compare to ours, each of ours individually.
>I asked several times for a definition of speciation such that we could not observe it and I never understood your replies- you never stated what it was or why we couldn't observe it if you were using standard definitions.
Is this what you mean? We can't observe it because fossils are somehow not direct enough?<
Precisely. Fossils, as they are historical artifacts, are always subject to interpretation. Lucy, from the hominid line, has been interpreted as our great-grandmother by some and not related to us at all by others.
>What is indirect about fossils at all, in any way? Unless you reject the notion of fossils altogether (devil tricking us, et cet) then I fail to see how it isn't a direct observation.<
As I explained, fossils are historical artifacts subject to interpretation. We "see" fossils and we tell ourselves a story because that's what evolution is--a story. Forensics works the same way, John. I mention this because of your keen legal mind. Police detectives assemble a series of facts and construct a story. Sometimes the story is mere circumstantial evidence. It can get you convicted though, can't it? That is absolutely, unequivocally not the same as an eyewitness. A credible eyewitness will destroy a circumstantial case before the judge's and jury's eyes. Why? Because they have direct observation on their side. We don't have that and we won't have that with fossils, not now, not ever.
>Zouden's argument doesn't seem ingenuous to me, it seems obvious and perfectly rational- it is impossible to view the world without using tools and snapshots in time. Bones are not some ethereal construct of species, they are a part of the body. In many cases their will be relatively obvious differences in the fossil along a line of species bearing relationships.
Are they? Fossil interpretation always relies on the mind of the observer and a belief in uniformatarianism. There are numerous fossil anomalies swept away by a paradigm that brooks no rivals. As I mentioned to zouden, blood was found in dinosaur bones. Now, to me, that would automatically make the uniformatarian theory of geologic formation suspect. Did it? No. Scientists merely said perhaps they didn't understand the formation of fossils as well as they thought they did. They didn't question uniformatarianism at all. They rushed to find answers to bolster the paradigm, again. That's hardly what I would call objectivity.
>How are you making a distinction here? Is by "not observe" you mean you cannot sit in a lawn chair for a spell and see it in one genetic lineage?
Or more precisely that you cannot see one species develop from another. And this is casting aside the philosophical issue of what constitutes a species, another thorny problem for evolutionary theory.
>Is astronomy not a science? Much of chemistry, microbiology, genetics, geology, palentology of course, psychology.... You get my drift?
Certainly. I also fully realize that any particular science or scientist relies on the opinions of those within their field. Are you aware of the heated battle between paleontologists and biologists? Paleontologists are certain that Darwinian micromorphing cannot account for the fossil record. Hence, punk-eek. Why? Because when you're reconstructing a historical account, objectivity plays a minor role.
>Do you accept mutations and their evidence? What is the distinction between them and evolutionary evidence which makes these observations valid or relevant?
Could you clearly explain what the difference is between evolutionary and astronomical evidence or what exactly you object to with regards to evolutionary evidence? I just don't see the distinctions you seem to make and so I'm not sure your point.<
Rather than do that, let me explicate my concerns regarding evolutionary theory.
Now please, keep in mind I am not liable to get drawn into a lengthy dialogue over these pet issues of mine. I will remain true to the purpose of the thread. I've been hammering away at these issues for some 20-odd years. It is highly unlikely any resolution will be found in this conversation. From Dawkins to Darwin, from Forrest to Meyer, I've surveyed this issue, attempting to make sense of life. I'll describe my journey in several phases.
Phase one: Believer in science and evolution. I was taught, as many of us were taught, about the infallibility of evolution. I ate it up. Science was my world and explained everything. I was young and terribly naive. As a believer in knowing your enemy, I picked up a copy of Evolution: A Theory in Crisis by Michael Denton.
Phase two: While reading the book, a crack appeared in the damn. Then, or now, I haven't seen too many rebuttals that I felt were convincing. Argument from personal incredulity I know, but nevertheless... Never underestimate the power of a prevailing paradigm to tell you another story and so retain its power.
Phase three: Philosophical evidence from Mortimer J. Adler and the damn burst. The evolutionary model cannot explain the mind of man through phylogenetic continuity. There are several books that really impressed me. I have not seen any rebuttals to the ideas contained in them. All of them are by Dr. Adler. With that, let me mention a few major issues I have with the theory.
1) The immateriality of the mind. I've explained this numerous times here but in case you missed it, here it is. Universals are concepts of the mind, e.g. triangle. A particular would be an individual triangle. Particulars are contained in matter; universals never are. Since that is the case, the mind must be immaterial. Since that is the case, it cannot have arisen from phylogenetic continuity. Meaning, man, at least his mind, cannot have evolved. Neither emergent properties nor panpsychism can explain the mind.
2) Evolution is a historical reconstruction. It always relies on data subject to interpretation. It isn't, to borrow a phrase, operational science. Operational science relies on direct observation. I can pour liquid acetic acid in a cup, add sodium bicarbonate, and the chemical reaction will produce carbon dioxide gas. Evolution, as the ultimate explanation of life, could falsify my ideas by doing two things: creating life by simulating the conditions under which life arose (as zouden said, the rna world hypothesis is the prevailing view. So don't talk about it. Do it! Results so far? Nada) or create AI. It is in this way my ideas are true science. In the words of Popper, they contain the ability to be falsified. Either of these two tests within operational science would satisfy. I'm still waiting.
3) In a recent paper, a mycologist was explaining his reasons for creating various clades to explain the phylogenetic lineage of fungi. He reason was "to provide evidence for evolution"! Really? Why I thought we had that sorted out long ago. But the cold hard truth is...we didn't. If that were the case, and evolution was proven beyond a reasonable doubt, we would have no need for phylogenetic lineages within the mushroom kingdom. I can hear the party line ringing in my ears. "I have no idea why he would say that. We can't speculate on the actions of one particular scientist. It has no bearing on the matter at hand." Bullshit. It's evidence that the matter is far from closed. In fact, it cannot be closed. Why? Because it's a historical reconstruction.
I have many, many more issues but those are just the ones that came into my head while I was typing this.
Hopefully, this will give the few of you reading this a window into my mind and motivation. I should add as a corollary that part of my problem with evolution is that I don't like being lied to. Science offered me Truth, and it turned out to be a sham. Frankly, that pisses me off.
Comment as you will, John. You're entitled. Please know in advance I intent to focus on the book.
Cheers, MM
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