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Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota∴Info & Resources * 36
    #28949867 -

Auto-Summary
The post discusses various aspects of mushroom breeding, including life cycles, interspecific hybridization, protoplast fusion, and mutation. It highlights techniques such as serial dilution, DDK pairing, and protoplast fusion for obtaining monokaryons. The post also covers sexual development, hybrid vigor, and mating type experiments in Psilocybe cubensis. Additionally, it mentions the importance of stabilizing strains through spore selection and the potential for crossing different mushroom strains.

Acknowledgments
A strain crossing thread
Basidiomycetes life cycle discussions: karyogamy, meiosis, anastomosis, etc
I’ve got a hunch.. EASY clone crossing (swinger tek adjacent)
Breed Like the Bene Gesserit - (AMA Mushroom Breeding)
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit TechniquesBreeding Dikaryons Through Anastomosis ?
The Official Hybridization Thread
A serious open discussion on fungal interspecies hybridization
Interspecific Hybridization by Protoplast Fusion
Jakeoncid419 Panaeolus Hybrids (Re: Official Copelandia/Panaeolus Thread) PF Albino and Penis Envy Cross Breeding (updated 6-5-06 with F3 picture)
APE 2.0 growlog
Rustywhyte is done!
Stabilizing through spore selection
Is it possible to cross 2 strains?
Interbreeding (crossing) mushroom strains
Hybrid Vigor in Cubensis F1 crosses (AKA “Heterosis”)Psilocybe volanspateria (Ps. cubensis var. APE/Ps. natalensis hybrid)
Psilocybe cubensis reproduction
Cross breeding experiments (pics)
Mating type experiments: Di - mon mating
I want in! Crossing with LC?Crosses, clones, phenos.. what are you currently working on?
Pheno Hunters Community Forum
Penis Envy isolationJulian Mattucci
Judge Doom / Kilor
Ed Grand



Table of Contents
General Biology
References specific to active mushrooms
Obtaining monokaryons (Serial Dilution)
Obtaining monokaryons (DDK) / Di-mon pairing (bullers)
Protoplast fusion
Parasexuality
Mutagenesis
Confirming monokaryons
Glossary
“Nothing is so dangerous to the progress of the human mind than to assume that our views of science are ultimate, that there are no mysteries in nature, that our triumphs are complete and that there are no new worlds to conquer.”
― Humphry Davy


General Biology∴Life Cycle∴




Source 3.6.3: Life Cycles of Basidiomycetes


Mushroom Biology Concise Basics and Current Developments - Philip G. Miles,  Shu-Ting Chang p. 12

Germination > Mating Type Determination > Monokaryotic Growth(primary) > Plasmogamy > Somatogamy > Nuclear Migration and Pairing > Conjugate Division(mitosis) > Dikaryotic Growth(secondary) > Basidiocarp formation(tertiary) > Karyogamy > Meiosis > Spore formation and Dispersal

Fungal Sex: The Basidiomycota Marco E Coelho, Guus Bakkeren, Sheng Sun, Michael E Hood, Tatiana Giraud Microbiology Spectrum, 2017, 5 (3), pp.147-175.
https://hal.science/hal-02328823v1/file/Coelho%20Book%20Chap%20final.pdf

Researches on fungi vol. I-VII - A. H. R. Buller (1909-1950)

Genetics of Sexuality in Higher Fungi - John R. Raper

Genetics and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms - A.C. Chang

Mushroom Biology Concise Basics and Current Developments - Philip G. Miles,  Shu-Ting Chang

Introduction to Fungi Third Edition

Fungal Morphogenesis - David Moore

Essential Fungal Genetics - David Moore

Edible and medicinal fungi breeding techniques, a review: Current status and future prospects Yating Dong et al., 2022
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9640942/


From dikaryon to diploid
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S174946131500038X


Dikaryons, diploids, and evolution James B. Anderson and Linda M Kohn
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=49d0597c4089252b9384043d3e74ae4d0c5cbb3d

Tetrapolar Sexuality John R. Raper The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1953), pp. 233-259
https://sci-hub.ru/10.2307/2811121

Primer: Fungal mating type loci James A. Fraser and Joseph Heitman Current Biology Vol 13 No 20
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(03)00730-9.pdf


Sexual development of higher fungi S.-W. CHIU AND D. MOORE
https://www.davidmoore.org.uk/Assets/Printed_documents/my_reprints/1999_ChiuMoore_sexual_development_higher_fungi.pdf


Sexual selection in Fungi - Bart P. S. Nieuwenhuis
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/29226533.pdf

Tissue Formation By David Moore Chapter 21, pp. 423-465, in The Growing Fungus (1994)
https://www.davidmoore.org.uk/Assets/Printed_documents/my_reprints/1995_Moore_Tissue_Formation_chapter.pdf


Genetical evidence supporting the multicellular origin of fruiting body formation in the basidiomycete, Lentinula edodes.


Mitochondrial inheritance in basidiomycete fungi


Populations and Individuals in Heterokaryotic Fungi: A Multilevel Perspective


Patterns of mating and mitochondrial DNA inheritance in the agaric Basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus



Principles of Mushroom Developmental Biology David Moore International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Vol. 7, pp. 79–101 (2005)
https://www.davidmoore.org.uk/Assets/Printed_documents/Moore_Principles_mushroom_development.pdf


Chapter 2: Genome interactions
Extracted from: Moore, D. & Novak Frazer, L. (2002). Essential Fungal Genetics.
https://www.davidmoore.org.uk/21st_Century_Guidebook_to_Fungi_PLATINUM/REPRINT_collection/Moore_NovakFrazer_EFG_ch02.pdf


Chapter 5: Recombination analysis
Extracted from: Moore, D. & Novak Frazer, L. (2002). Essential Fungal Genetics.
https://www.davidmoore.org.uk/21st_century_guidebook_to_fungi_platinum/REPRINT_collection/Moore_NovakFrazer_EFG_ch05.pdf

Chapter 12: Development and morphogenesis
Extracted from: Trinci, A., Moore, D., & Robson, G. (2020). 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi.
https://www.davidmoore.org.uk/21st_century_guidebook_to_fungi_platinum/SAMPLE-CHAPTERS/Ch12_SAMPLE-pages.pdf


Care and handling of cultures of the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
https://plantpath.psu.edu/about/facilities/mushroom/cultures-spawn/care-handling.pdf


Inheritance of Strain Instability (Sectoring) in the Commercial Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus
https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/aem.60.7.2384-2388.1994



A novel method for inducing the expression of sectors in Agaricus bisporus.
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19941601254


6. S1 Dikaryons
Chapter 6: Breeding in L. Edodes in Genetics and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms - A.C. Chang pp. 114-115



Psilocybe specific references∴

Domestication through clandestine cultivation constrained genetic diversity in magic mushrooms relative to naturalized populations
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)01460-4

Genome sequencing progenies of magic mushrooms (Psilocybe subaeruginosa) identifies tetrapolar mating and gene duplications in the psilocybin pathway
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36587787/

Ultrastructure and Cytochemistry of Dormant Basidiospores of Psilocybe Cubensis Donald G. Ruch & Jerome J. Motta (1987) Ultrastructure and Cytochemistry
of Dormant Basidiospores of Psilocybe Cubensis, Mycologia, 79:3, 387-398
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.1987.12025395
https://sci-hub.se/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.1987.12025395


Glossary∴


Glossary of Mycology Terms
https://mushroomobserver.org/glossary_terms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mycology
Some selected terminology

kary-
karya-, karyo-, cary-, carya-, caryo-
A prefix meaning "nucleus." From Gr. karyon.
A Glossary of Mycology 1971, p. 27.

monokaryotic
monocaryotic, primary mycelium
Cells having a single nucleus each; having genetically identical haploid nuclei (monokaryon or haplont). Found, for example, in the mycelium of Agaricales.
Dictionary of the Fungi (8th ed.) 1995, p. 291;
A Glossary of Mycology 1971, p. 103;
Illustrated Dictionary of Mycology 2000, p. 244.

dikaryotic
dicaryotic, secondary mycelium
A single cell (dikaryon) having two genetically distinct haploid nuclei.
A Glossary of Mycology 1971, p. 46;
Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.) 2008, p. 209.

plasmogamy
The fusion of two cells or plasmodial cytoplasms, resulting in the nuclei juxtaposed and a dikaryon formed. In many sexual phases of fungi, the first step which precedes karyogamy (nuclear fusion) and meiosis.
Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.) 2008, p. 543
Illustrated Dictionary of Mycology 2000, p. 300

karyogamy
caryogamy, nuclear fusion
The final stage in the fusion of two sexual nuclei, after plasmogamy, that forms the zygote nucleus, but before meiosis.
A Glossary of Mycology 1971, p. 27;
Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.) 2008, p. 349;
Illustrated Dictionary of Mycology 2000, p. 213.

mitosis
The normal division of a nucleus. Results in two child nuclei with the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
Illustrated Dictionary of Mycology 2000, p. 241.

meisosis
A series of two successive nuclear divisions that reduces the number of chromosomes by one-half, going from a diploid state to a haploid one. The last part of the sexual phase in many fungi, following plasmogamy and karyogamy. Contrast with mitosis.
Illustrated Dictionary of Mycology 2000, p. 233.



Edited by catnip40 (05/06/25 05:14 PM)

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40]
    #28949870 -

Serial Dilution∴

Isolating single spore monokaryons
https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/28708274

Alan demonstrating serial dilution
Serial spore dilutions
Source: Back-crossing Tidal Wave

Streaking methods
Muad.Dweeb said:
Here are some of the streaking methods I've used.

Green = First streak
Blue = Second
Red = Third
Purple = Fourth

This is a classic technique for isolating single cell colonies from yeast and bacteria:



This one I learned from a guy named Sidnee. The green is applied to a sterile drop of water on the agar to help smear the spores, and the zig zag should be wide, tight, and non-overlapping:



This one I use for MS crossing, for streaking dilutions, and general spore germination. If you use a minimal amount of spore with this, it's possible to catch monokaryons as they germinate sometimes:




Source: Mushroom Breeder - AMA

Edward Grand's approach to streaking/swabbing for monokaryons
How to make your own haploid monokaryons

16 - Breeding work Gerda Fritsche
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780121680503500220
https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-168050-3.50022-0


Versuche zur Frage der Erhaltungszüchtung beim Kulturchampignon I I . Vermehrung durch Gewebekulturen GERDA PRITSCHE
https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_39290_8/component/file_131008/content


Dedikaryotization(DDK)/Monokaryotization∴Bullers∴

Chapter 5: Fungal fidelity: Nuclear divorce from a dikaryon by mating or monokaryon regeneration, p. 60, in Sexual Selection in Fungi - BPS Nieuwenhuis (2012) (Buller phenomenon)
Fungal fidelity: Nuclear divorce from a dikaryon by mating or monokaryon regeneration


Dedikaryotization Protocol (DDK) Imperial Scientific LLC Julian Muttucci 2022
https://www.imperialscientific.com/pages/protocols



Symmetrical Recovery of Neohaplonts from Dikaryon Fragmentation Muad.Dweeb
https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/27958714#27958714

Dedikaryotization of higher fungi in submerged culture Ginterová, A. Dedikaryotization of higher fungi in submerged culture. Folia Microbiol 18, 277–280 (1973).
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02868043



Symmetrical recovery of monokaryotic components from Lentinula edodes using dedikaryotization R. Ramírez-Carrillo and H. Leal-Lara
https://www.fungifun.org/docs/mushrooms/Shiitake/Symmetrical%20recovery%20of%20monokaryotic%20components%20from%20Lentinula%20edodes%20using%20dedikaryotization.pdf


The influence of temperatures on the dedikaryotization causing flat sectors in the dikaryotic mycelial colonies of Pholiota nameko
Atsushi Kumata, Shigeru Aono, Fumiaki Igarashi, Yutaka Kitamoto
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/apmsb/9/3/9_KJ00007318080/_pdf/-char/en


Protoplast Fusion∴Somatic Fusion∴
intraspecific - same genus same species
interspecific - different species same genus
intergeneric - different genera

Isolation，identification and application of protoplast fusion products in edible mushrooms Jiong Zhao 230 pages
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48545316.pdf


Monokaryotization by protoplasting heterothallic species of edible mushrooms
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00386290


The protoplast two-way fusions and fusant characteristics of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453022000702#bib11


INTERSPECIFIC PROTOPLAST FUSION OF PLEUROTUS SPECIES
https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105625.pdf

Trial by Gom Jabbar, 1: Trich Farming intro to protoplast prep
https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/27981032#27981032

Heterokaryon formation in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune by electrofusion of protoplasts A. S. M. Sonnenberg & J. G. H. Wessels Theoretical and Applied Genetics Volume 74, pages 654–658, (1987)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00288866


Protoplast electrofusion for development of somatic hybrids between Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor-caju
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264936129_Protoplast_electrofusion_for_development_of_somatic_hybrids_between_Pleurotus_florida_and_Pleurotus_sajor-caju


Edited by catnip40 (02/20/25 04:41 PM)

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 1
    #28949872 -

Parasexual Investigations∴Esoteric/Theoretical∴Di-di∴Aggregate Recombination∴
* restricted access

Parasexuality

Mushroom Biology Concise Basics and Current Developments - Philip G. Miles,  Shu-Ting Chang p. 56

7. Parasexual process in mushrooms


Mushroom Biology Concise Basics and Current Developments - Philip G. Miles,  Shu-Ting Chang pp. 77-80

1.2.5 Parasexual processes in mushrooms


Isolation，identification and application of protoplast fusion products in edible mushrooms pp. 8-11

Mitotic recombination in the genetic systems of filamentous fungi Pontecorvo, G. (1954) Mitotic recombination in the genetic systems of filamentous fungi. Caryologia, 6, pp. 192-200.
http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/50079/

Meiotic-like Recombination in Vegetative Dikaryons of SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE C Frankel Genetics. 1979 Aug;92(4):1121-6.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17248942/

THE PARASEXUAL CYCLE IN FUNGI G. Pontecorvo ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY Vol. 10:393-400 (Volume publication date October 1956)
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.mi.10.100156.002141

*Parasexual phenomena in Basidiomycetes Raper, J.R. Proceedings of the IX International Botanical Congress, Montreal, August, 1959, 1959. 2: 318
https://eurekamag.com/research/014/135/014135559.php
https://eurekamag.com/research/093/213/093213086.php
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19601603631


*Discussion of J. Raper's paper Parasexual Phenomenon in Basidiomycetes conducted at a mycological section symposium at the IX International Botanical Congress in Montreal, Canada, 1959
https://findingaids.lib.buffalo.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/51370

*Strain selection and development by means of mycelial anastomosis.
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19730307427


Preliminary studies of the possibility of obtaining improved cultures through mycelial fusion (anastomoses).
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19640304847
https://www.pubhort.org/isms/5/1/v5_p1_a21.htm


Genotyping, gene genealogies and genomics bring fungal population genetics above ground - James B. Anderson and Linda M. Kohn
https://www.davidmoore.org.uk/21st_Century_Guidebook_to_Fungi_PLATINUM/REPRINT_collection/Anderson_Kohn_pop_genetics.pdf


Interactions of Heterologous Mycelia Colonized in the Substrate Govern Fruit Body Production in the Cultivated Homobasidiomycete Pholiota nameko (chimera/mycelial aggregates)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1271/bbb.67.100



Sexuality and interactions of monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of Ganoderma boninense
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756208611089


Cytoplasmic Mixing, Not Nuclear Coexistence, Can Explain Somatic Incompatibility in Basidiomycetes Ben Auxier et al. Microorganisms 2021, 9(6), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061248
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1248


Somatic incompatibility in dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic pairings of Echinodontium tinctorium’
https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_wilson012.pdf


Examining nuclear transfer between homokaryotic and dikaryotic strains of Rhizophagus irregularis
https://ruor.uottawa.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/d5891330-9d8b-43be-a013-dac5f5df8d15/content


Polyploidy in fungi: evolution after whole-genome duplication
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2012.0434


Parasexual analysis in the Basidiomycete mushroom Agrocybe aegerita common-B and common-AB crosses R. Marmeisse Mycological Research Volume 95, Issue, April 1991, Pages 465-468
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756209808472


Parasexual analysis of common-A crosses in the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita R. Marmeisse Sexual Plant Reproduction Volume 1, pages 195–201, (1988)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00189152


Unit –14 : Heterothallism, Heterokaryosis and Parasexuality
https://www.uou.ac.in/lecturenotes/science/MSCBOT-17/Unit%20%E2%80%9314%E2%80%93%20Heterothallism,Heterokaryosis%20and%20Parasexuality%20by%20Dr.%20Kirtika%20Padalia-converted.pdf


Mutagenesis∴
Re: Mutagenesis of P. Cubensis via UV RadiationUV Mutagenesis (DIY UVO Box)
Psilocybe Fanaticus TEK - Chapter 18 - PF Albino Mutant (UV)
Diversity of mycelia forms after UV-c treatment
Cold plasma treatment

Chemically and physically induced mutagenesis in basidiospores of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida Hamid R. Pourianfar International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 11, 915-92
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351357923_Chemically_and_physically_induced_mutagenesis_in_basidiospores_ofoyster_mushroom_Pleurotus_ostreatusvar_florida


Breeding of New Strains of Mushroom by Basidiospore Chemical Mutagenesis Jia Lee et al., Mycobiology. 2011 Dec; 39(4): 272–277.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3385130/

Edited by catnip40 (05/03/25 01:34 AM)

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40]
    #28950587 -

Genetic Microscopy∴

HOW TO IDENTIFY MUSHROOMS TO GENUS III: Microscopic Features BY DAVID LARGENT DAVID JOHNSON ROY WATLING (Consultant)
https://files.shroomery.org/attachments/21366346-Optimized%20How%20To%20Identify%20Mushrooms%20To%20Genus%20III%20Microscopic%20Features%20-%20OCR.pdf

Muad.Dweeb's Approach from Recovering and Preserving Monokaryons/Basic Culture Hygiene 1: Microscopy
https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/27897320#27897320

Example of clamp connections from Muad.Dweeb's post above

Photos of monokaryotic vs. dikaryotic mycelium?
https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/15995058#15995058

Example of clamp connections from inski's post above

Clamp connections
https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/28671445#28671445

Example of clamp connections confirmed by inski

Fig 2.2 Homokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia of Schizophyllum commune. p 11, Genetics of Sexuality in Higher Fungi - John R. Raper

Example of clamp connections

Mycelial morphology, rhizomorph anatomy and primordium formation of Gymnopilus penetrans (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycetes)
https://files.shroomery.org/attachments/20060547-Mycelial%20morphology,%20rhizomorph%20anatomy%20and%20primordium%20formation%20of%20Gymnopilus%20penetrans.pdf


LICHT- UND ELEKTRONENOPTISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN POLYSTICTUS VERSICOLOR (L.): VIII. FÄRBERISCHE ANALYSE DER VEGETATIVEN KERNTEILUNG M. Girbardt Planta 58. Bd., 1. H. (1962), pp. 1-21 (21 pages)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23364364


PHASE-MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF FUSIONS OF NUCLEI IN SOMATIC CELLS OF A HETEROKARYON OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE
https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1968.tb07458.x




Esser, K. (1977). Concerted breeding in fungi and its biotechnological application. Endeavour, 1(3-4), 143–148. doi:10.1016/0160-9327(77)90174-0
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0160932777901740

Edited by catnip40 (11/06/24 04:18 PM)

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 1
    #28951730 -

I can't access a lot of this material.


What I would love is all the information relating to parasexual breeding.  I have been using and documenting that breeding technique for the past several years.  I  collected some amazing articles stretching back to some of the first discussions on parasexual breeding. 

Quote:
Parasexual Investigations ∴ Esoteric/Theoretical  ∴

Parasexual phenomena in Basidiomycetes
Raper, J.R.

Discussion of J. Raper's paper Parasexual Phenomenon in Basidiomycetes conducted at a mycological section symposium at the IX International Botanical Congress in Montreal, Canada, 1959



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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: trippleblack]
    #28951745 -

you are welcome to share what you have collected


--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 1
    #28951775 -

I will dig them up on my other system soon.  The quote I posted above was a list of some of the material you posted; i was unable to access some of your material. 

My reason for digging into this subject: Based on my experiences, I think a parasexual cross can serve the same function as a dikaryon x dikaryon cross.  i also claim a di - di cross between two proven isolates is one of the best breeding techniques. The magic i noticed is genes like size, potency, and yield are the dominant genetics expressed after parasexual recombination. 


When diving into parasexual breeding, you can follow under a microscope a live mitotic event of recombination to prove your cross. 

These ideals stretch back into the mycological literature far as the late 1800's.

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: trippleblack]
    #28951782 -

trippleblack said:
I will dig them up on my other system soon.  The quote I posted above was a list of some of the material you posted; i was unable to access some of your material. 

My reason for digging into this subject: Based on my experiences, I think a parasexual cross can serve the same function as a dikaryon x dikaryon cross.  i also claim a di - di cross between two proven isolates is one of the best breeding techniques. The magic i noticed is genes like size, potency, and yield are the dominant genetics expressed after parasexual recombination. 


When diving into parasexual breeding, you can follow under a microscope a live mitotic event of recombination to prove your cross. 

These ideals stretch back into the mycological literature far as the late 1800's.


this is my reasoning for digging into the topic as well, I appreciate your reply and insight.

Unfortunately those two papers/review of the paper seem to not be digitized as far as I'm aware.. still trying to locate them. Just added them to the list so its at least here while trying to hopefully find it

I might try to see if I can get a university library to scan it or something like that but I'm not sure how easy that is to go about either

edit: I think I was thinking of something else that I tried looking for, just checked the link again and saw you can just buy it for 30 bucks which I may eventually do if I cant find it

The review of the JR parasexual paper might be the one that is in a harvard library or something pretty out of reach.. not 100% sure


--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

Edited by catnip40 (09/18/24 10:12 PM)

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 1
    #28951922 -

catnip40 said:
trippleblack said:
I will dig them up on my other system soon.  The quote I posted above was a list of some of the material you posted; i was unable to access some of your material. 

My reason for digging into this subject: Based on my experiences, I think a parasexual cross can serve the same function as a dikaryon x dikaryon cross.  i also claim a di - di cross between two proven isolates is one of the best breeding techniques. The magic i noticed is genes like size, potency, and yield are the dominant genetics expressed after parasexual recombination. 


When diving into parasexual breeding, you can follow under a microscope a live mitotic event of recombination to prove your cross. 

These ideals stretch back into the mycological literature far as the late 1800's.


this is my reasoning for digging into the topic as well, I appreciate your reply and insight.

Unfortunately those two papers/review of the paper seem to not be digitized as far as I'm aware.. still trying to locate them. Just added them to the list so its at least here while trying to hopefully find it

I might try to see if I can get a university library to scan it or something like that but I'm not sure how easy that is to go about either

edit: I think I was thinking of something else that I tried looking for, just checked the link again and saw you can just buy it for 30 bucks which I may eventually do if I cant find it.

The review of the JR parasexual paper might be the one that is in a harvard library or something pretty out of reach.. not 100% sure



That jr parasexual paper is one of those documents i could never find; i see it referenced in other papers.  I do have these following papers that relate to this exact subject, if you can't find them i can upload them:

Quote:
Meiotic-like Recombination in Vegetative Dikaryons of SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE
C Frankel  1
Affiliations

    PMID: 17248942 PMCID: PMC1214059 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/92.4.1121

Abstract

A total of 65 Schizophyllum commune dikaryons of three different genotypes were synthesized, maintained on agar plates, prevented from fruiting, and macerated. The macerate was plated. Germlings of homokaryotic morphology were isolated using no chemical or genetic selection, grown, and tested for recombinant genotypes. Crossover types were plentiful among the homokaryons with recombinant genotypes, indicating that meiotic-like processes in vegetative dikaryons are common and may be as important as conventional basidial meiosis in the origin of recombinant strains.



^
This paper just shows how common parasexual recombination may be.  It helps me understand this terminology somewhat.

Have you read the OG paper?  The parasexual cycle in fungi?  Pontecorvo has a 1954 paper and one in 1956.. all very short and worth reading.

After that its always good to follow Roper and Pontecorvo up and down the time line.  Even buller gets into the ring surrounding this discussion; a lot of these papers are available online.. and they reference each other.

Quote:
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/annual-reviews/the-parasexual-cycle-in-fungi-5JpYySoEsf


I can't remember how some of the later 1800's papers i read relate to all this, maybe  i was thinking of something else. 

I first glanced over this topic in the bible Introduction to Mushrooms.  Also Page 77 in the book Mushroom biology consise basics and current developments.  It speaks on Pontecorvo and paraxexual breeding.

I can probably get into weeds on this.. there is a lot of very cool stuff you can do with this topic.

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: trippleblack]
    #28957530 -

thanks for your reply. I think I have read those but I'm not sure either..I went on a deep dive going thru all the references and citations too
I will add those to the main post

part of the reason of making the thread was to share but also just to help me organize/keep track of all the articles and stuff so I don't lose them

there is always an article or some reference I cannot find again and can never find the keywords to search and find it again or it takes me way too long lol

I'm probably going to just pay the 30 bucks for the jr paper from that website.. but I also read in their faq or somewhere that they might not be able to get every article listed or some bullshit lol


--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: trippleblack]
    #28957634 -

trippleblack said:
When diving into parasexual breeding, you can follow under a microscope a live mitotic event of recombination to prove your cross. 




:takingnotes:

Would you mind elaborating on this, or linking the literature you are referencing?

Unless it's already in one of the links you posted.. just not connecting the dots for me right now though


--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 1
    #28988783 -

Great work finding all these resources and thank you for sharing.

:sporedrop::sporedrop::sporedrop::sporedrop:


--------------------

APE x NSS cross I created


Cluster heaven.

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: Just M]
    #29120657 -

updated and added some interesting stuff, two books and some papers

Fungal Morphogenesis - David Moore

Essential Fungal Genetics - David Moore

Inheritance of Strain Instability (Sectoring) in the Commercial Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus
https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/aem.60.7.2384-2388.1994



A novel method for inducing the expression of sectors in Agaricus bisporus.
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19941601254


Genetical evidence supporting the multicellular origin of fruiting body formation in the basidiomycete, Lentinula edodes.


Mitochondrial inheritance in basidiomycete fungi


Populations and Individuals in Heterokaryotic Fungi: A Multilevel Perspective


Patterns of mating and mitochondrial DNA inheritance in the agaric Basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus



--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 1
    #29121126 -

Is this relevant?

Or this other old one

These old threads propelled my interest in mycology as a whole years ago


--------------------
How I make my LC jars

Super Simple, No Rinse, Hard Boil Whole Oat Prep Tek Like a Boss: By Hamloaf
HAVING TROUBLE WITH OLD SPORES??
TRADELIST


Edited by myceliups (02/10/25 08:35 PM)

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: myceliups]
    #29121242 -

myceliups said:
Is this relevant?

Or this other old one

These old threads propelled my interest in mycology as a whole years ago


Yes I will probably add those into the post eventually, that first one about protoplast fusion from 20 years ago is kinda crazy lol.

Although i think protoplast fusion and some of this stuff is way outside the realm of any home grower.. I thought I would add that section in anyway just for information sake.

There is post by muad.dweeb where he talks about the rattlesnake venom and how there is a similar idea with Trich produced enzymes because they act in the manner to lyse cell walls. I think one of the protoplast fusion links I added talks about using glucanex which is a product sigma Aldrich used to sell that was lytic enzymes made from trichoderma

Thanks for the the reply and posting those links!

:mushroom:


--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 2
    #29125790 -

:popcorn:

Oh cool! Lot of gems in here I need to go through! I dropped the ball on that hybridizing thread 😂 totally forgot about that one. Need to get back into gear with this all

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: PhenoDreamers] * 1
    #29141002 -

:takingnotes:


--------------------
And if I only could
I'd make a deal with God
And I'd get him to swap our places
I'd be running up that road
Be running up that hill
With no problems

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: tree frog] * 1
    #29155455 -

Great info, thank you for compiling this.

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: Mahdi] * 1
    #29158608 -

i am continually adding things

i have a ton of stuff to post still its just highly disorganized

:bow2:


--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

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Re: Sexuality∴Genetics∴Breeding of Basidiomycota Info & Resources [Re: catnip40] * 1
    #29204199 -

Found an obscure reference from 1977 on DDK of Ps. cubensis
eurekamag has the wrong volume listed as 47 it is actually volume 24 issue 2

De dikaryotization of psilocybe cubensis Jenkins, D.T. The ASB Bulletin: 24:2 April 1977
https://eurekamag.com/research/026/366/026366154.php
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55000639#page/225/mode/1up
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55000639#page/241/mode/1up
https://ia802206.us.archive.org/11/items/asbbulletin2325asso/asbbulletin2325asso.pdf


--------------------

∴Genetics Info∴Ps. ovoideocystidiata and Native Americans∴

∴The Official Woodlovers Thread∴Outdoor Mushroom Cultivation∴

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