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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Fried_Sushi]
    #27877897 -

Quote:
Fried_Sushi said:I meant genetic degredation in multi-generational cloning, which to my knowledge, is a thing.



Yeah that's in reference to senescence, which is the same as saying "genetic aging". The simple, unsatisfying fact is we have no hard data on when cubes senesce, or what driving factors there may be. Something like cordyceps sp. will experience real senescence super quickly, and repeat cloning can be a major driver of that.

My instinct is that it puts a huge stress on any fungi that is repeatedly made to shift from fruiting to vegetating. It's a major overhaul of what it's doing metabolically and even genetically, like having to go through puberty over and over again.

I might start a line to torture in exactly this fashion. Generating data has to start somewhere 💁


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27879548 -

Muad.Dweeb said:
Vast218 said:
is it possible to breed two different phenotype using the cloning method? Say you put the bits of stems from two strains next to each other on agar hoping for the primary myceliums to merge?


If you are looking for more information on this hotly debated topic, try the key words "foundational mycelium". Primary mycelium is specifically the initial hypha that pops out of the spore shell and grows as a monokaryon.

Some say so. Roger Rabbit certainly thought so, even without fancy stuff like snake venom.

My understanding of di-di mating is that it isn't a thing. What is a thing, from what I have read in my studies, are a set of events that can cause "dedikaryotization," in which a nucleus or both can escape the binucleate arrangement. Sometimes this can happen with strains that have some mutation or deficiency in genes related to nuclear orchestration (keeping the nuclei 2 per cell). You end up with "foundational mycelium" where the tips are mononucleate, sometimes for several elongated cell compartments, before filling in with the other nucleus and developing clamps.
[Another good key term to read more on this is "Spontaneous Dedikaryotization"]

Exposure to certain chemicals that destabilize cell wall formation (chitinases, proteases, cholates) can also make dikaryon cells more permeable, and clones in such environments could easily exchange nuclei.

I have what I think is a better method for this approach. But, I'm still collecting data on it. This sort of claim is going to require substantial supporting data to not get me heckled into oblivion, but it's incredibly simple. The best part, though, is it's so simple, anyone can replicate it without much investment if they doubt it works.


Thanks :thumbup:

I’ll search for those old threads

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Vast218] * 1
    #27880160 -

Based on some of the questions already, it may be prudent to cover the basics of inheritance. For a more in depth summary than I'm about to provide, check out Khan Academy - Mendelian Genetics.

Mendelian Genetics is the precursor to modern Molecular Genetics. It's a very structural understanding of how traits of parents are inherited by their offspring. Gregor Mendel proposed three laws of inheritance after conducting a series of breeding experiments with pea plants for 7 years: the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment. He arrived at this determination by cross pollinating pea plants that “bred true” for certain characteristics, and observing the results through several generations.

The law of dominance states that an allele (variation of a gene) that expresses over another allele in a heterozygous (mixed) condition is “dominant”. These are the traits that appear in the first generation of a cross (F1, or first filial generation), while “recessive” traits begin to appear in the F2. For example, if we crossed two mushroom varieties, one with dominant allele “YY” and the other with recessive allele “yy”, the F1 result would be one of the following: “Yy” or “yY”. In either case, the dominant “Y” is the allele that gets expressed.




The law of segregation states that these characteristic alleles stay distinct through inheritance. This means that with the same YY/yy hybrids, each component characteristic is a unit and doesn't blend with the other. If we take the hybrids in the F1 and breed them to produce the F2 generation, The possible combinations become “YY”, “Yy”, “yY” and “yy”. Due to the law of dominance, the first three variants express the dominant allele, while the final (yy) expresses a recessive trait. This is also called the 3:1 phenotype ratio.

The law of independent assortment states that at the time of gamete formation, the alleles segregate independently of each other, and independently of other genes. To illustrate this, we can add the gene alleles “R” and “r” to the mix. If we start with YYRR and yyrr as parents, their hybrid offspring in the F1 will be YyRr genotype (this expresses as an YR, or YR phenotype). When we breed the F1 hybrids to produce the F2, “Y”, “y”, “R”, and “r” are all inherited independently, producing “YR”, “Yr”, “yR”, and “yr” phenotypes.



For this reason, when you have two distinct phenotypes of mushroom and crossbreed them, the chances of the first generation having some very nominal, wild-type leaning traits is high. Having at least one distinct trait from each parent helps to illuminate which fruits are hybrid, especially when using a multispore crossbreeding strategy. These fruits displaying the dominant traits become the F1 candidates for selection, as they will have the desired traits in a heterozygous state.

The cumbersome nature of this plays out through the law of independent assortment, because the traits we may be trying to select could be recessive. Additionally, the traits could be polygenic (involving several genes) and may not inherit as a unit. By the F2 generation, only 1 in 4 specimens may exhibit our desired trait if it is recessive, and the improbability of multiple recessive traits appearing increases exponentially. Some may not appear until F3 or later if they are recessive and obfuscated by dominant genes. It is important to back up the selected cultures by cloning the fruits and saving to a slant, as there may be a staggering amount of searching required, depending on which traits we are trying to select.




There may be a point where an exhaustive search in a given generation simply does not provide the traits for which we are searching. At such time, there are two basic options for moving forward, and both require a step backwards. Either we can revert to the previous generation and hope that new genetic recombination provides the gene stacks we are looking for, or we can “back-breed” a good candidate with a previous generation or one of the parent cultures. It should be noted that back-breeding will result in a new F1, and may take a few generations to bear significant results due to the laws of inheritance.

This is the "real work" in breeding and "stabilizing" a variety. I know "4D Chess" is sort of a dated meme already, but I think breeding is about as close as anything gets to it in real time.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb] * 1
    #27880165 -

This is an interesting example of Di-Mon breeding. When I first found this post, I'll admit... I was ashamed I hadn't thought of outbreeding a blob with a monokaryon first :rolleyes:

Good show, though!

Solipsis - Project Turing


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A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27881125 -

I'm sure this all falls apart without disciplined record keeping and attention to detail.

Extending on how I understand this, there are traits that might be had which you won't see for a good number of generations, if ever. Assuming this is the case and an interesting trait does appear at, say, F5, does this mean you're in essence starting over at the top of a new branch if you decide to develop that trait further.

Put another way, is it fair to say that the filial generation number is relative to the first appearance of the trait you're selecting for no matter how many prior generations it took to get to that point?

And damn - what does one do with all those mushrooms?

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: DERRAYLD]
    #27881222 -

DERRAYLD said:
:popcorn:

I'm here for the mutations.


:freakout:



Me too!  :smileyfrog:


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if you stand too close to the machine it'll start to eat you
Primal's simple tested teks and projects: :awesomenod: Wheat Prep 2.0  Acidic Tea Tek  Potency Project! 

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: lothar48] * 1
    #27881565 -

lothar48 said:
I'm sure this all falls apart without disciplined record keeping and attention to detail.

Extending on how I understand this, there are traits that might be had which you won't see for a good number of generations, if ever. Assuming this is the case and an interesting trait does appear at, say, F5, does this mean you're in essence starting over at the top of a new branch if you decide to develop that trait further.

Put another way, is it fair to say that the filial generation number is relative to the first appearance of the trait you're selecting for no matter how many prior generations it took to get to that point?


Record keeping is essential, but depending on what you're tracking, you don't need a whole lot.

And, you don't start your filial generation at the point that a desired trait appears. The F(#) is strictly to track generations, starting from the parent generation. It's technically an arbitrary starting point, because you could track generations from any starting specimen, like a wild clone, etc... For our purposes here, the F1 is always the initial cross. The parents are the mushrooms we are crossing. I only mentioned "starting from F1 again" in reference to "back-breeding" if you get stuck on a generation or lose a trait along the way. That means injecting a different a different set of genes, as far as the math goes, so you would have to treat the back cross as a new F1.

As to the traits that don't present early on: if you study the diagrams I stole from Khan Academy, it should be pretty clear how this happens. The genes, most of them, inherit independently. When they are inherited, you get new mixes of gene pairs in the new generation. For a recessive gene to express, both copies have to be recessive.

So if you cross "A" and "a" gene possessing spores, in the F1 the crossed genotype is Aa for the mycelium and fruit. When that genotype is "selfed" or "inbred" or however you wish to frame it, the spores will each carry either the "A" or "a" allele, and when they mate, the F2 mycelium and fruit become AA, Aa, aA, or aa. So the aa is the only genotype in the F2 that will SHOW you the recessive trait, but 3:1 genotypes possess at least one allele. The two heterozygous phenotypes are hiding the recessive allele, and that's half of the genotypes generated. If you replace the punnet square figures with the heterozygous F2 genotype, Aa, you can see how it plays out (AA, Aa, Aa, aa). Again, half of the new generation is hiding the recessive allele. Each time a recessive allele is passed on in a heterozygous state, self-fertilization will produce that same ratio of outcomes, for that gene.

Now, what happens is you make a cross. You are after 2 traits. One of them appears in the F2, but where is the other? if you keep growing and looking, maybe you find the other trait, but not that first. That's because the genes involved in those traits are inheriting independently. So you select the One and the Other, and grow their spores out separately. The One line never, ever ends up giving you One+Other. The Other line, however, maybe 3 grows in, gives you Other+One. This is because in the One line, only the One genes were inherited in the F2; but in the Other line, the recessive One gene was inherited, but the other copy was the dominant version, so the One trait was obfuscated in the F2.

By following the third picture in my previous post, "Mendel's Test Cross," you can see how to determine if a given dominant trait is homozygous (all dominant) or heterozygous (hiding a recessive trait).

Multiply that by 13,478 genes in cubes. Some of these genes inherit as chunked units, usually near the ends and bends of the chromosome from what I've read. That's a whole lot of factors, and with an unknown number of variant alleles for any given gene in the species. An equally unknown number of these recessive alleles bounce on through the population unseen in heterozygous mixes, until a random spore pairing stacks a previously unseen recessive allele and you get a unique and deviant trait expression.

Looking for just one recessive trait in the F2 is a 1/4 chance (25%); two recessive traits at the same time, that's a 1/16 chance (6.25%); three recessive traits is a 1/64 chance (1.5%)...

Hopefully, you can see how the improbability of finding exactly what you want early is tricky and unlikely. It may take a lot of work, backtracking, repeating... or you may be exceedingly lucky and maybe take a program from initial cross to stable variety in around a year's time, without gaps in working on it. A solid frame of reference, RustyWhyte took around 4 years to breed and select about 7 generations. If you haven't read Pasty's thread on making RustyWhyte, go do it.

Quote:
And damn - what does one do with all those mushrooms?


Just whatever. Sometimes I pretend I'm an old, curmudgeon zen master and destroy them on camera to teach the noobs a valuable lesson about impermanence and attachment. Other times I just throw them away. Occasionally, I nibble on one, or try to work out my own qualitative reagent test for psilocybin.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb] * 1
    #27881644 -

PrimalSoup said:
DERRAYLD said:
:popcorn:

I'm here for the mutations.


:freakout:



Me too!  :smileyfrog:



The only real freak I can show you from recently is my blob Cypress, the second blob to come from my Calico line. But let me dig up some of my favorites over the last few years.


GOGH.Calico.F2.CL2, "Cypress"

Cypress is a conical, recursive pinning blob type.

The first blob I found I called Starry Night. I lost it in a recent move, but I'm okay with that. The name Starry Night was causing some confusion.


GOGH.F1.CL5, "Starry Night"

All of my breeding projects with the Homestead PE ("Melmak") line have been from a hand selected clone I named Golog (tragically, also lost in the move, but I still have some spores). It was selected for large, aesthetic fruits and unusual behavior- when aborted fruits were left on the substrate, they would begin pinning from the fruit in unusual ways. Golog is Starry Night's sire, and Cypress's grandsire.


MMTP.13, "Golog"

The first trait I ever explored inheritance with is commonly called a Party Hat, or Fuzzy Top or similar. Common to B+, you can actually find this mutation in several varieties. It is a heritable trait with a whole lot of variation, suggesting there are a number of genes involved in the formation of these puffs. Some seem to be fuzzy like mycelium, others much more firm like stipe material. Some are almost flat, some will get ridiculously long. An adorable and fascinating compound trait.



Sometimes, the Party Hat is more than just a hat. Sometimes, it actually develops a spore bearing structure. This image is from a friend that had just started growing. I tried to walk them through cloning this but they didn't make it. I do have a swab of the gills and the top structure to run out someday though.


"Morchelloid"

One of my all-time favorite lines is Koh Samui squats. These are some F1 fruits of a cross I initiated between KS Squat and a Golden Halo spores, and never moved forward with (priorities). I've since restarted this project though, and hopefully will have a gold spore squat eventually. Note that goldish spore drop of the bowling pin fruit though.


Edited by Muad.Dweeb (07/29/22 12:12 PM)

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27881662 -

Thanks for taking the time to educate all of us. Very intriguing.

My current inventory of crossables includes B+, GT, and ATL#7. I have yet to do anything with the ATL#7 spores I have in hand, will be plating some out this weekend.

I'm wondering if it might be feasible to cross ATL#7 with either the B+ or GT, or both. I'm making the assumption that sclerotia is a trait, and wondering if it can be propagated to either of these other varieties.

Thoughts?

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: lothar48]
    #27881781 -

Gonna just repeat and say that this content you are giving out here is of high value and I'm sure all participants in this thread agree. Don't feel afraid to link this in your signature,
this is prime shroomery content making most posts look like finger painting.


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Willpower is the one true virtue


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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: lothar48]
    #27882676 -

lothar48 said:
Thanks for taking the time to educate all of us. Very intriguing.

My current inventory of crossables includes B+, GT, and ATL#7. I have yet to do anything with the ATL#7 spores I have in hand, will be plating some out this weekend.

I'm wondering if it might be feasible to cross ATL#7 with either the B+ or GT, or both. I'm making the assumption that sclerotia is a trait, and wondering if it can be propagated to either of these other varieties.

Thoughts?


It may be possible to cross ATL7 with cubes, but generally, cubes mate with other cubes and ATL7 is tampanensis. Several interspecies crosses have been made in the past of all sorts of species, some dubious and some well documented. Roger Rabbit did one once between a cube and pan cyan, but he took the posts down because he wasn't satisfied with the results, if I'm not mistaken. The outcome was described as looking like regular cubes without a annulus ring or partial veil. There is also the alleged cordyceps interspecies cross claimed by John Allen. My big issues with that are I've never heard of someone who has seen it and to my knowledge it was never replicated. Generally, with interspecies crossing, the closer the species are related, the better chances of forming a hybrid. I'm being pretty strict with the term hybrid here. Many species will form a dikaryotic mycelieum with other species if given the chance and no other options are available, but fail generally to produce fruit bodies or spores (like a horse and donkey making a mule). I'm only counting "capable of reproduction" as a successful hybrid. There are a lot of rules to what can make a successful interspecial hybrid, like chromosome length and number being compatible, and science doesn't currently know all the limits or what fungi can fit all those requirements.

If you're just starting out in cultivation, I strongly recommend focusing on developing quality cultivation skills before taking on a breeding project. Some of these techniques for crossing are dicey as hell and you need to be able to read the growth patterns on a multispore plate, the others are more technical and sensitive to contamination (so your aseptic/sterile technique needs to be well honed). On top of all that, not having a solid foundation in basic cultivation is going to produce inconsistent results all the way through.


IF none of that applies to you, and you really wanna use B+ and GT, your best bets are going to be using serial dilution to generate monokaryons and pairing them together, or using the di-mon method with a clone of one and a monokaryon of the other. The reason being they look so similar for the most part. With B+, there is a high chance of having party hats. Personally, if that's all I had, I would clone a nice partyhat B+ and run the spores; meanwhile, I would catch monokaryons from the GT for di-mon mating with the partyhat clone. In the B+ multispore, I would be selecting for more partyhat fruits for at least 2 or 3 generations, then getting monokaryons from them to go back and do mon-mon crosses with my GT monos. [Edit: same for if you wanted to try either cube with ATL7. For one, without the control of using at least one monokaryon, you'll have a very hard time convincing anyone you made an interspecies cross...]

Some prints of GT in circulation have "unstable" mutations in them, as well, so you could flip it depending on what you pull from MS. GT have been known to produce leucistic fruits moderately commonly, occasionally albinos, heritable deformation traits, squats... it all depends on what your starting stock is, what you'll get.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

Edited by Muad.Dweeb (07/30/22 09:56 AM)

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: smalltalk_canceled]
    #27882682 -

smalltalk_canceled said:
Gonna just repeat and say that this content you are giving out here is of high value and I'm sure all participants in this thread agree.


Thanks! Still waiting for one of the giants with their own variety to come say what up :hi::handout:


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A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27882875 -

Muad.Dweeb said:
It may be possible to cross ATL7 with cubes, but generally, cubes mate with other cubes and ATL7 is tampanensis.



Yep, I just learned that ATL7 is "officially" P. tampenesis last night. Seems there was a bit of confusion about ATL7 being something else in the past. For those with questions, here you go:

https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/26380478#26380478

Quote:
If you're just starting out in cultivation, I strongly recommend focusing on developing quality cultivation skills before taking on a breeding project.



This is salient advice. There are many things to work out to set up for success. Knowing how to work with agar, clone fruits, make prints, etc. builds a necessary base for breeding work.
Most of what I do these days is a few hours of work then weeks of waiting. I can run more crops concurrently (currently have 3 in process w/ 2 more about to launch), but I'd like more to fill the waiting periods in. Breeding should fit the bill.

Quote:
With B+, there is a high chance of having party hats. Personally, if that's all I had, I would clone a nice partyhat B+ and run the spores... I would be selecting for more partyhat fruits for at least 2 or 3 generations...



Hmm... I like this idea. My last crop of B+ did come with a few party hats. I didn't think to get a print from one at the time. Next crop is due in ~2 weeks. If I get more I'll print those and see where it goes.


Quote:
... GT have been known to produce leucistic fruits moderately commonly, occasionally albinos, heritable deformation traits, squats... it all depends on what your starting stock is, what you'll get.


I've got a crop of GT as well. I'll keep an eye out for those traits. Any other traits I should look for?

On that note, are you aware of any good reference of "interesting" traits and/or mutations by type (e.g. B+, GT, etc)? Such might be a good roadmap for isolating these traits and trying to breed them into a population, similar to the party hat idea you mention above.

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: lothar48]
    #27882976 -

lothar48 said:
I've got a crop of GT as well. I'll keep an eye out for those traits. Any other traits I should look for?

On that note, are you aware of any good reference of "interesting" traits and/or mutations by type (e.g. B+, GT, etc)? Such might be a good roadmap for isolating these traits and trying to breed them into a population, similar to the party hat idea you mention above.


On the GT, not especially. What I listed are the notable mutations IMO, but most of them aren't common from the typical vendor stock. Out of them, leucistic variants are most common from what I've seen.

For traits reference- none that I'm aware. All of these unique phenotypes are found pretty much exclusively in cultivation, so there aren't any published and reviewed papers on abnormal psilocybe cubensis morphology that I've run across. Most of what I know on the subject comes from scouring these forums, posts like this classic undertaking, my own personal observations, and those of a few fellow cultivators that are breeding and isolating traits. I have notes that I've been keeping on what I've observed inherit as a trait, but they are far from comprehensive.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

Edited by Muad.Dweeb (07/30/22 02:46 PM)

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb] * 1
    #27883080 -

In case you’ve not seen it, I show some nice examples of f1 to f2 grows with heavy ms.. shows a lot of variance between unique varieties FP+ break down gen to gen

Love this thread :thumbup:

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: fahtster]
    #27883162 -

fahtster said:
In case you’ve not seen it, I show some nice examples of f1 to f2 grows with heavy ms.. shows a lot of variance between unique varieties FP+ break down gen to gen

Love this thread :thumbup:


I didn't forget about you. I was hinting at Pasty :grin:

The first cross I attempted was actually with GH and RW.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27883201 -

Oh yeah figured haha.  He’ll see it eventually.. I don’t think he’s on the boards as much as he use to be.

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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: fahtster]
    #27883290 -

:popcorn:


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Check your vector

Gummies by milkboy
Milkboys Public Display of Affection
I'm a Semp


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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: milkboy]
    #27883456 -

I've been putting spore prints of all my different cube strains together in a jar. From what I'm hearing, I may have a decent chance at those genetics mixing? I understand that means they're more likely to just be normal cubes, but I can hope 😁


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Re: Mushroom Breeder - AMA [Re: Jacubey]
    #27883873 -

Jacubey said:
I've been putting spore prints of all my different cube strains together in a jar. From what I'm hearing, I may have a decent chance at those genetics mixing? I understand that means they're more likely to just be normal cubes, but I can hope 😁


I had an idea like this some time ago: use the OG Spore Print tek to print several varieties to the same sheet and heavily mix them before putting them to agar or cake. I was gonna call it the Swinger tek. I was just beginning my first experiments and trying to come up with various methods to collect and mix spores when I thought of it.

The other methods I tried for mixing spores were printing on top of a print, rubbing spore on opposite sides of a swab, trying to print them on opposing inclines ("/_\" so spores fall and deposit already mixed), and various methods of just mixing two samples on agar. The problem I had with prints here (and the opposite problem with regular OG Prints) was the spores would stick and clump together, and to the foil, making truly homogenizing the two samples on agar nearly impossible, and increase difficulty with serial dilution (clumps = dikaryons from growth, not monokaryons...).

Conversely, I was also having some issues with prints I would trade where most or all spores would dislodge off the print in transit. I ended up tracking that problem down to the distance between the foil and my printing platform for OG Printing. My hypothesis is that when they have farther to fall, the fungal sugar coating the spore has time to dry before depositing, and when it is directly on the foil or swab, the sugar water turns into a hardening adhesive.

Now, I lift my prints at least 1 cm over my printing surface when I know I'm going to be mixing them or serial diluting them; they wash out or scrape up and mix much more easily. For regular prints, I aim for just 2 or 3 mm with sterilized, flat "hardware cloth" wire mesh directly on the foil and the cap on top of that.

Caveat: If you're adding all those spores to just a jar, that's fine. If you're adding them to a jar with water, a lot of it will end up germinating in vitro. When they germinate in water, the medium needs to stay moving or the primary mycelium from the spores can entangle and start forming dikaryons before you use it, which will also confound your results. I gave up the idea as more than a novelty because of the exponentially increased degree of uncertainty when you incorporate more than two varieties.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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Mushrooms, Mycology and Psychedelics > Mushroom Cultivation
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