psilocyberin said:

harm is just as subjective as good and bad. To cause no harm would mean to take no action.

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There is now in fact, a banquet of data that has spawned a new field of research on the cognitivie neuroscience of human social behavior, demonstrating that humans evolved powerful neurological mechanisms to reinforce cooperation, accentuate pro-social behavior, and bond non-related people through a process of social exchange. Jorge Moll and his colleagues, for example, monitoring fMRI brain scans, found that moral emotions activate the amygdala, or emotion module in the brain, indicating that moral behaviors are as much related to moral emotions, as they are to moral reasons.

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Cum Hoc is the fallacy committed when one jumps to a conclusion about causation based on a correlation between two events, or types of event, which occur simultaneously. In order to avoid this fallacy, one needs to rule out other possible explanations for the correlation

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Accordingly, I argue that correlation is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to make causal inferences with reasonable confidence. Also necessary is an appropriate method of data collection. To make such causal inferences one must gather the data by experimental means, controlling extraneous variables which might confound the results. Having gathered the data in this fashion, if one can establish that the experimentally manipulated variable is correlated with the dependent variable (and that correlation does not need to be linear), then one should be (somewhat) comfortable in making a causal inference. That is, when the data have been gathered by experimental means and confounds have been eliminated, correlation does imply causation.

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To say a "Correlation does not suggest causation" is not necessarily true: A demonstrably consistent correlation often suggests or increases the probability of some causal relationship (or implies it, in the latter sense of the term).

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That is why it may be better to state that "correlation may not imply causation".

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kummitussai said:

There can't be no good without evil

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