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California strikes down ban on gay marriage.
    #8405719 -

I haven't read the opinion yet, but here's a story on it.

I'm sure this will be a heated debate, so as a suggestion, why don't we all clearly delineate whether our arguments are on policy or legal grounds?

I've said before, unrebutted, that I feel the Fourteenth Amendment and similar state statutes/constitutional provisions provide for gay marriage if heterosexual marriage is allowed. I can see no other way to read that amendment, and those disagreeing with me have cited a legilslative history argument- curious as those opining against me were generaly the more conservitive folks, whom I would think would be in favor of strictly construing the statutes as written rather than reading policy motivations into them.

Either way, I feel this is good policy and good law, presuming the court found on equal protection grounds.

What do you think?

The opinion:

http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S147999.PDF





http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/05/15/national/main4099765.shtml

CBS/AP) The California Supreme Court has overturned a ban on gay marriage, paving the way for California to become the second state where gay and lesbian residents can marry.

The case involved a series of lawsuits seeking to overturn a voter-approved law that defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman.

The court in a 4-3 ruling issued the long-awaited decision on its Web site, saying that domestic partnerships are not a good enough substitute for marriage, reports CBS affiliate KPIX in San Francisco. The opinion was written by Chief Justice Ron George.

Outside the courthouse, gay marriage supporters cried and cheered as news spread of the decision.

"Our state now recognizes that an individual's capacity to establish a loving and long-term committed relationship with another person and responsibly to care for and raise children does not depend upon the individual's sexual orientation," the court wrote.

With the ruling, California could become the second state after Massachusetts where gay and lesbian residents can marry.

"What happens in California, either way, will have a huge impact around the nation. It will set the tone," said Geoffrey Kors, executive director of the gay rights group Equality California.

California already offers same-sex couples who register as domestic partners the same legal rights and responsibilities as married spouses, including the right to divorce and to sue for child support. It's therefore unclear what additional relief state lawmakers could offer short of marriage if the court renders the existing ban unconstitutional.

A coalition of religious and social conservative groups is attempting to put a measure on the November ballot that would enshrine California's current laws banning gay marriage in the state constitution.

The Secretary of State is expected to rule by the end of June whether the sponsors gathered enough signature to qualify the marriage amendment, similar to ones enacted in 26 other states.

"This was a bitterly divided ruling with one of the dissenting judges calling it the majority reasoning a case of 'legal jujitsu,' the creation of constitutional rights where none should have existed," says CBS News legal analyst Andrew Cohen. "I think that means we'll now see this move into the political realm -- with perhaps an attempt to amend the constitution to explicitly prohibit these sorts of marriages.

"Because there was such a slight consensus here, a 4-3 ruling with a concurring opinion, other state court judges who want to look to this case for guidance will really be able to find whatever they are looking for now matter which side of the issue they are on. And that pretty much eliminates the precedential value of this ruling beyond California's borders," Cohen said.

"The majority declared that the distinction between traditional marriage and same sex marriage, as recognized and established by the state legislature, cannot withstand constitutional scrutiny and that the alternative, domestic partnerships, just don't serve as an adequate substitute as a matter of law," Cohen added.

The cases before the California court were brought by the city of San Francisco, two dozen gay and lesbian couples, Equality California and another gay rights group in March 2004 after the court halted San Francisco's monthlong same-sex wedding march that took place at Mayor Gavin Newsom's direction.

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: johnm214]
    #8405792 -

i think it shouldnt matter.
they are people too.

take this as a thought.
straight people have marriage and incentives every year "from taxes"
and i think it should be thew same for everyone.
not to go as far as that young adult in europe that tried too marry his PS2.
but too have it where everyone is treated the same.
not that everyone feels this way like certain groups or organizational clubs.

but thats goes farther . if you look at one you have too look at it all.
its all about what one group can do over another.
so if you look at it like that.

legally

anyone should be able too do what they want as long as they dont injure a person physically or emotionally.

then you look at emotion , and the extremes people go to from how they feel , or how they feel they are right, even if they are truly wrong-

there are so many different ways too looking at this.right and wrong.and you could look at morality there also , but there are thin lines there too.

i am not gay myself, but ive had a few convoys people who are and have a few friends that are and theyre relationships usually stay intact for the most part as much or more than someone who is straight.
its just a choice youve made .

let people be happy


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i know my limitations and you should know yours .!

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: cleverwise]
    #8408583 -

you argue above from a policy perspective, which is fine, but what do you think of the decision?

Where are all the gay haters or those who believe the constitution doens't protect the gays?

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: johnm214]
    #8408668 -

johnm214 said:
Where are all the gay haters or those who believe the constitution doens't protect the gays?



They occassionally pop up in political discussion. But since this forum is frequented by thoughtful debaters, any idiot who tries to make a defense of a ban on gay marriage immediately gets his/her ass handed back to them on a platter. After that they usually skulk away for good.

Three cheers for California. Now we only have 48 states to go...


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:hst:
Society in every form is a blessing,
but government at its best is but a necessary evil
 
- Thomas Paine

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: gluke bastid]
    #8408926 -

Now all we need to do is get rid of that Orwellianly named "Defense of Marriage Act" and we'll finally have marriage equality country-wide.

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: Yossarian22]
    #8409192 -

Ignoring the legality, I'm not sure the Defense of Marriage Act (of course its named idiotically) isn't a bad policy decision.  The constitution allows the congress to controll how the states relate to each other, and how they recognize their respective laws and privledges.

I think its dumb though cuz I think the constitution guarentees gays the same rights as straights re: marriage.

Gluke:  lonestar and red crayon were the only ones I recall arguing against a federally-guarenteed right.  They claimed that the fourteenth amendment only applied to slaves, or that it shouldn't apply to gays cuz they weren't intended to be targeted.

Pretty interesting considering that the fourteenth amendment applies to "persons" not slaves, and that the Supreme Court has held that term to apply to a, well, persons going back to the 1800's.  Additionally, the 14th amendment has been held to apply to entities like corporations, though I suppose lonestar thinks the states could start banning white owned buisnesses and that would be fine constitutionally, better for the minorities and such.


If folks were unahppy w/ the application they sure had plenty of time to change the text, even the same people who passed the damn thing.  Since the supreme court decisions came out w/in 20 or so years of the Amendment's ratification, at most, I don't see how anyone can argue legislative intent w/out presenting some objections from the folks who voted/authored it, though the argument is silly anyways. 


The only credible argument I think you can make is that denying marriage to same sex couples isn't an equal protection of the law, since it only excludes a class of conduct, not a class of people, but I don't think anyone's made that contention on this board that I'm aware of, instead they bitch and moan about how gays aren't people, or it doesn't matter cuz the legislative intent is all you should look too.  The legislative intent arugment is pretty ironic considering, at least w/ lonestar, he decries folks who don't enforce the laws as written. 

I guess lonestar and red crayon thought Gore should have won the supreme court case in 2000 rather than bush.  We could still have been having recounts :laugh:

Same w/ affirmative action, something I bet they both dislike, but I suppose they'd have to concede its constitutionality unless I'm missting something.

Edited by johnm214 (05/16/08 12:21 PM)

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: johnm214]
    #8409713 -

If I'm missing something correct me but that was a State Court opinion dealing only with issues of the State Constitution. It has zero application outside of California and the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution argument has zero relevance to this finding as the US Constitution was not under examination. Yes?


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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: zappaisgod]
    #8409891 -

The 14th Amendment is relevant because state laws may not conflict with constitutional provisions. Since the California statute was declared unconstitutional, it must be abolished. The same will be true of other state's laws which forbid same-sex marriage.

Quote:
XIV: section 1

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.



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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: Veritas]
    #8409901 -

I understand that, but the California state court is not qualified to rule on US constitutional matters and thus completely and utterly irrelevant to any other state.

It may be true of other state laws depending on the other states' constitutions. California could pass a California constitutional amendment forbidding gay marriage and the California state court will have zero to say about it and it will have nothing to do with any other states.


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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: zappaisgod]
    #8409924 -

You are correct in that the only court qualified to overrule state laws based upon unconstitutionality is the U.S. Supreme Court. However, states may change their own statutes based upon a recognition of the state Supreme Court that they are in conflict with the U.S. Constitution. This ruling sets the precedent for other states to change their own statutes regarding same-sex marriage.

If many states overturn their own laws based upon the 14th Amendment, it may be that the U.S. Supreme Court will overrule the remaining state statutes based upon unconstitutionality.

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: Veritas]
    #8409941 -

Veritas said:
This ruling sets the precedent for other states to change their own statutes regarding same-sex marriage.





I don't think it does anything of the kind other than establishing some language which might be useful in an argument in another state. Like I said, California, or any other state, could amend their constitution to allow a ban. That would totally remove this decision from relevance. THEN, if challenged, there would become a larger US Constitution argument, which has yet to be tackled.


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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: zappaisgod]
    #8409964 -

I think that a U.S. Supreme Court decision on this matter is not far in the future. It's likely that the Southern and Mid-Western states will drag their feet on this issue, while the East and West coast states follow in California & Massachusetts' footsteps.

State laws which provide legal marriage rights to certain couples & deny others are blatantly unconstitutional, and this decision is the beginning of a long-overdue correction. California's decision may not be a formal legal precedent, but it is an example of the means to effect change.

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: Veritas]
    #8410007 -

Do not for one second misunderstand me. I think the homos should be allowed to marry just the same as the rest of us. I just don't see any legal ramifications outside of CA. I.e., that shit don't signify in NY or AL or AR.


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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: zappaisgod]
    #8410022 -

I agree. This does not set a legal precedent for other state's laws, as it is not a U.S. Supreme Court decision. However, the fact that the state changed its' own statute based upon the U.S. Constitution IS significant to the process of getting other states to make similar decisions.

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: zappaisgod]
    #8410498 -

zappaisgod said:
If I'm missing something correct me but that was a State Court opinion dealing only with issues of the State Constitution. It has zero application outside of California and the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution argument has zero relevance to this finding as the US Constitution was not under examination. Yes?



yeah, you're completely correct, my above discussion was just regarding the larger issue in the entire united states. The supreme court would likely cite state decisions if it were to ever hold that gays couldn't be denied the same marriage rights as straights, but it certainly isn't authoritative outside Cali, as you identify.

The analogous cali constitution section ot the US 14th is provided below from the opinion in this case. In some sense the federal constituion may be clearer that gays have the same rights as straights, as it particularly states that all will have equal protection of the law without limiting it, even as broadly as California does, to a nebulous, and therefore inevitably ignored, set of inalienable rights ( even though in my mind these rights at the federal constitutional level should probably prohibit the feds from criminalizing intrastate drug activity or regulating intrastate medicine and business):

Quote:
Article I, section 1 provides: “All people are by nature free and independent
and have inalienable rights. Among these are enjoying and defending life and
liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining
safety, happiness, and privacy.” (Italics added.)
Article I, section 2, subdivision (a), provides: “Every person may freely
speak, write and publish his or her sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for
the abuse of this right. A law may not restrain or abridge liberty of speech or
press.” (Italics added.)
Article I, section 7, subdivision (a), provides in relevant part: “A person
may not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law or
denied equal protection of the laws . . . .”


From the opinion.


I've still not read the whole opinion though, I'll get around to it someday.

Edited by johnm214 (05/16/08 07:10 PM)

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: johnm214]
    #8410612 -

zappaisgod said:
Veritas said:
This ruling sets the precedent for other states to change their own statutes regarding same-sex marriage.





I don't think it does anything of the kind other than establishing some language which might be useful in an argument in another state. Like I said, California, or any other state, could amend their constitution to allow a ban. That would totally remove this decision from relevance. THEN, if challenged, there would become a larger US Constitution argument, which has yet to be tackled.



Yep, that's all it is, and I agree, states that don't want the gays to marry should do it the right way, amend their constitution. I think these amendments should still fail under federal review, but that's another issue.

[warning, irrelevancy ahead]
What's interesting is that up until sometime in the 70's Cali statutes didn't ban gay marriage by their plain language however; the 'activist-judges' read a ban into the statute, which only defined age limits as the criteria, nowhere limiting licenses on the basis of the sex of the partners. This is a good example of the 'activist-judge' that isn't advancing a liberal agenda, something I wish would get more attention by those who constantly deride people reading privacy rights into the constituion, but ignore decisions concluding a statute totally silent on gay vs. straight marriage bans the former simply because no one noticed it before.

This is one of the more trivial manifestations of what was likely a legislative-intent reasoning by the cali judges/clerks interpreting the statute, but nonetheless demonstrates how dangerous such a philosophy can be, it allows judges to totally rewrite statutes to suit what they think it should mean. Trivial in this case, but when you're dealing w/ a lawsuit where a business's future or a person's livelihood hang in the balance, can be devastating, especially to the person who read the damn law, but didn't realize a judge would ignore it just cuz some congressional committee member gave a speech that contradicted the language actually voted on by the legislature.
[/end irrelevancy]

Quote:
zappaisgod said:I understand that, but the California state court is not qualified to rule on US constitutional matters and thus completely and utterly irrelevant to any other state.

It may be true of other state laws depending on the other states' constitutions. California could pass a California constitutional amendment forbidding gay marriage and the California state court will have zero to say about it and it will have nothing to do with any other states.



The states can rule on the federal constitution, and even statutes, and that interpretation is binding on the state, provided there isn't later a contrary interpretation later by a federal court of jurisdiction, but, like you acknowledge, that state ruling on the US law doesn't become a valid interpretation of the US law outside of that state. The other issue is when states rule on federal constitutional/statutory grounds they can be overruled by the US supreme court on direct review of that very case.

Likely California sought to preclude federal review, so they based their decision solely on the California law, which thereby prevents any appealette jurisdiction of the supreme court, in effect. There was a recent search and seizure case where some state ruled that the federal constitution bared a search and threw out the evidence, in a ruling I liked, but they were overruled by the US supreme court. I wondered why they didn't just base their desicion on their own darn law if they thought it was sound, then they wouldn't have been able to be overruled

Quote:
veritassaid:You are correct in that the only court qualified to overrule state laws based upon unconstitutionality is the U.S. Supreme Court. However, states may change their own statutes based upon a recognition of the state Supreme Court that they are in conflict with the U.S. Constitution. This ruling sets the precedent for other states to change their own statutes regarding same-sex marriage.

If many states overturn their own laws based upon the 14th Amendment, it may be that the U.S. Supreme Court will overrule the remaining state statutes based upon unconstitutionality.



They didn't rule on the US 14th amendment, they ruled on their own constitution, likely to avoid having to deal w/ the supreme court's prior decisions and preclude their review in this case.

And states can indeed overrule their own law on whatever ground they like. The only issue is that a ruling premised upon federal law is vulnerable to either direct review of the supreme court or a contrary interpretation, in another case (since there is no direct review of state court proceedings by lower federal courts), by a federal court of jurisdiction over them.

States consider, and overrule, their own statutes on both state and federal grounds all the time, and they have authority to do so. Its just that you often here about federal law cuz some guy sued someone else on federal grounds, and both the plaintiff and the defendant have the right to litigate in a US court if there is a federal question. So many of the suits are brought in, or removed to, federal courts, since we have so many damn federal laws now, in an attempt to avoid local politics, i.e. suing the police/city or an employer that is politically powerful in the county and having to deal w/ a county judge who's up for reelection in a few years who likely has to answer to both his party, his pocketbook, and his local electorate- and may also be an idiot.

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: johnm214]
    #8410705 -

god, people piss me off.

Read the reaction on the internet.

People are saying "these were activist judges" or "they're impossing their will on California"

There have been right to marry rulings in california since at least the 80's on constitutional grounds.  If they didn't like it they should have amendment the constituion, they had plenty of time, in fact they still could.  Get an amendment that says there is no right to marry, that gays can't marry, et cet.

The constitution says "all people" not "straights" and the interpretation says that all people have the right to marry.  So what is the problem? 

I really wonder how many of the jackasses bitching about this decision actually read the opinion before spouting off?


HOw would you distinguish a ban on interracial marriage between a ban on homosexual marriage under california law?  I don't see how it can be done.

I'm just so sick of idiots claiming "activist judges" when their points are totally removed from what the opinion says.  They just make blanket assertions and don't bother to educate themselves on the issue.  They're literally political robots.



Some were even bitching that the judges were activists for overruling the statute by the constituion?  WTF?  I just think its sad folks comment bitterly on an issue they don't understand at all, and will probably vote on this issue.

All I hope is that McCain takes the high ground, refrains from even saying the buzz word without meaning "activist judge" and sticks to his prior position that marriage is a state function and should be decided w/ out federal legislation, which is the only rational position, I submit.  Here's hoping he doesn't become another political whore on this issue.

And really, for all those that aren't concerned about the only colorable issue here, whether the constitutional question was rightly decided, but only concerned w/ OMG they're ruining marriage, what will the children think?, the gays are coming to get us and our family, eat a dick. :smile:


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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: johnm214]
    #8411233 -

People are saying "activist judges" because that's what they are. The Califonia constitution no more confers the right to same-sex marriage than the US constitution confers the right to an abortion, yet the California Supreme Court claims it does.

The California constitution is silent on the matter, which therefore means it is a matter for the California Legislature. The Legislature already addressed the issue - decades ago - with its Civil Unions Act, which confers to all intents and purposes exactly the same rights on gays in a civil union as straights in a marriage.

From associate justice Baxter’s dissent (joined by associate justice Chin): “Nothing in our Constitution, express or implicit, compels the majority’s startling conclusion that the age-old understanding of marriage … is no longer valid. California statutes already recognize same-sex unions and grant them all the substantive legal rights this state can bestow. If there is to be a further sea change in the social and legal understanding of marriage itself, that evolution should occur by similar democratic means."

From associate justice Corrigan’s separate dissent: “The principle of judicial restraint is a covenant between judges and the people from whom their power derives.… It is no answer to say that judges can break the covenant so long as they are enlightened or well-meaning.… If there is to be a new understanding of the meaning of marriage in California, it should develop among the people of our state and find its expression at the ballot box.

Ed Whelan has some to-the-point commentary here: http://bench.nationalreview.com/post/?q=YWJmYTJlOTAwZWY0M2Y2OTBhZjAxYmIxZjA5MGQ2ZmM=

Quote:
Discussing the California marriage ruling on Slate, Dahlia Lithwick argues, inconsistently, both that “judicial activism” is “an empty label” and that there’s a “difference between judicial activism and judicial action.” She’s right on the latter point and wrong on the former—and she’s particularly wrong not to recognize the California marriage ruling as a textbook case of judicial activism.

Let’s wade through some of her confusion:

1. In presenting California as a “hotbed of activism” on gay marriage, Lithwick blurs the fundamental distinction between an “activist citizenry,” an “activist Legislature,” and an “activist governor,” on the one hand, and activist judges, on the other. The concept of judicial activism is rooted in separation-of-powers principles and recognizes that the realm of judges is a limited one. When citizens, legislators, and governors are acting within their own realms, the term “activism” ought to be “action”—it’s Lithwick herself who doesn’t recognize the proper distinction between “activism” and “action”—and is in any event properly not an epithet in those contexts. Who thinks of “citizen activists” as pejorative (independent of the causes being advocated)?

2. Lithwick seems amazed that some folks could criticize the California marriage decision before reading it. It’s rather charming, I suppose, that after all the lawless rulings on same-sex marriage, one might be so naïve as to think that maybe, just maybe, there’s a right to same-sex marriage hidden somewhere in the penumbras and emanations of the California constitution, and that we just need our judicial lords to enlighten us.

3. Lithwick contends, without any supporting argument, that chief justice George’s majority opinion offers “a rigorous close reading of state law and precedent.” I see instead the judicial-activist approach that law professor Peter Edelman approvingly ascribed to his old boss, Justice Arthur Goldberg:
Quote:
His first question in approaching a case always was, “What is the just result?” Then he would work backward from the answer to that question to see how it would comport with relevant theory or precedent.



In any event, even if one indulged the counterfactual assumption that the court’s ruling flows from its precedents, a state supreme court justice is not bound to follow, much less extend, activist precedent. When one understands the separation-of-powers objections to judicial activism, it is no defense to the charge of judicial activism to contend that the activism has been going on for decades.



Ignoring the doctrine completely (as to whether gay marriage should be recognized by the state or should not), and going strictly on the legal merits, my opinion is that the court significantly overreached.





Phred


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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: Phred]
    #8411627 -

As to "equal protection under the law" et cet., do you subscribe to the sepperate but equal rational for the fourteenth amendment?

And do you feel there's a right to marry interracially in california based upon the law I've cited above? If so, how is this different?

And do you reject the judgment that the Cali constituion guarentees the right to marry? If not, and you reject the prior decision, would you concede that gay marriage must be allowed if there is a constitutional right to marry in cali?

As an aside, I don't think the statute you cite is relevant here except to evidence a contrary desire of the legislature.


Phred, do you feel the US constitution guarentes the right to marry for gays presuming straights have that right? I think this is a far more clear cut argument, if you don't think so, I'd be interested to hear your rational on the equal protection argument, i.e. what exactly is equal protection and who can be deprived of it/ who doesn't it apply to?

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Re: California strikes down ban on gay marriage. [Re: johnm214]
    #8414666 -

OOps, the California Constitution does protect equal protection. My bad.


Phred, and anyone else criticizing the opinion or holding of the court, I'd be interested in your answers to the above questions.


What test would you have the courts adopt to decide if something violated an equal protection of the laws, and how can the denial of gay marriage not be a violation of that law?

If you accept that the California and US constitution recognize the right to marry equally between members of different races, I don't see how you can hold that it doesn't extend to folks of the same sex, which is why I'm interested in your test for 14th amendment purposes, or the analogous cali constituion w/ similar language.

If california allows a benift to one class, I don't think it can be taken from another without due process, and perhaps rational basis scrutiny.

Although I've been unable to find any difference between the domestic partnership and marriage classes in California, I don't think its necessary to find one for the dispartate shceme to be unconsitutional. If a state issues marriage licenses to whites, I don't see how it can only issue "partnership" licenses to a white/black couple.

Do you contend the above scheme is unlawful- discriminating against interracial couples? IF not, how can it be lawful to discriminate against gays?

And do you think that the law as it was in california during the 70's should have permitted gay marriage? The court in its opinion discusses such, and I think the refusal to honor the plain language of the law was ridiciulous.

But yeah, I'd be interested in your responses. No one else has been willing to discuss the issue.

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