Some research about what one might have been thinking of putting in one's mouth in large quantity in the future...
FROM:
http://www.third-plateau.org/forum/cache2/thedxminformationforum/3DEA354C000014F4.html
Nick: rfgdxm/Robert F. Golaszewski (Registered User) Date/Time: Sunday, December 1, 2002
This isn't well known.
The problem is that it is hard to make any estimate on frequency because we don't know how many people actually abuse anticholinergics. I remember once doing some searching and found just one city had a rather large number of hospitalizations from anticholinegic abuse. Anticholinergics are about the most dangerous of drugs to abuse because the dose that will make you "trip balls" isn't far removed from a lethal dose.
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FROM:
http://meds4dumbbells.com/Benadryl.html
Diphenhydramine is a first generation antihistamine drug. Despite being one of the oldest antihistamines on the market, it is by and large the most effective antihistamine available, either by prescription or over-the-counter, and has been shown to exceed the effectiveness of even the latest prescription drugs. Consequently, the drug is the most deferred to when an allergic reaction requires a strong and quick reversal of the (often dangerous) effects of a massive histamine release. However, it is not always the drug of choice for treating allergies.
Like many other first generation antihistamines, is also a potent anticholinergic agent. This leads to profound drowsiness as a very common side-effect, along with the possibilities of motor impairment (ataxia), dry mouth and throat, flushed skin, rapid or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia), blurred vision at nearpoint due to lack of accommodation (cycloplegia), abnormal sensitivity to bright light (photophobia), pupil dilatation, urinary retention, constipation, difficulty concentrating, short-term memory loss, visual disturbances, hallucinations, confusion, and delirium.
In the 1960s it was found that diphenhydramine inhibits reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. This discovery led to a search for viable antidepressants with similar structures and fewer side effects, culminating in the invention of fluoxetine (Prozac), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). A similar search had previously led to the synthesis of the first SSRI zimelidine from chlorpheniramine, also an antihistamine.
Benadryl Abuse & Side Effects
Recreational drug users sometimes take several times the recommended dose of diphenhydramine in order to attain an intense hallucinogenic (more accurately, delirious) state. The mental effects are described by many as "dreaming while awake" involving visual and auditory hallucinations which, unlike those experienced with most psychedelics, often cannot be readily distinguished from reality. Many users report a side effect profile consistent with tropane glycoalkaloidal poisoning. This is due to antagonism of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in both the central and autonomic nervous system, inhibiting various signal transduction pathways. In the CNS, diphenhydramine readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, exerting effects within the visual and auditory cortex, accounting for reported visual and auditory disturbances. Other CNS effects occur within the limbic system and hippocampus, causing confusion and temporary amnesia.
Toxicology also manifests in the autonomic nervous system, primarily at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in ataxia and extrapyramidal side-effects, and at sympathetic post-ganglionic junctions, causing urinary retention, pupil dialation, tachycardia, and dry skin & mucous membranes.
Considerable overdosage can lead to myocardial infarction, serious ventricular dysrhythmias, coma and death.
Such a side-effect profile is thought to give ethanolamine-class antihistamines a relatively low abuse liability.
Benadryl is very similar in its effects to dimenhydrinate (Dramamine®),
its 8-chlorotheophyllinate salt, although the latter is approximately 60% the potency in terms of required dosage and is slightly less sedating.
The brand Benadryl is currently trademarked in the United States by the Warner-Lambert Company, but many drug store chains and retail outlets manufacture substantially less expensive generic versions under their own store brands, often sold in boxes that share the size, shape and familiar pink packaging and pill color of the original.
Interaction with other drugs
Benadryl increases the sedating effects of alcohol and other drugs than can cause sedation: (e.g., Valium, Ativan, Klonopin, Xanax, Percocet, Vicodin, Dilaudid, Coedine, Darvon.Elavil, Tofranil, Norpramin), and certain antihypertensive medications , Catapres, Inderal. Benadryl can also intensify the drying effects of other medications: e.g., Bentyl, Urecholine, Probanthine
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FROM:
www.aapcc.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:x-G2kcHKGNcJ:www.aapcc.org/ FinalizedPMGdlns/diphenhydramine.pdf+Dramamine+abuse+harm+dangers&hl =en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=7
Signs and symptoms observed following diphenhydramine overdose are anticholinergic in nature and can include dry mucous membranes, decreased bowel sounds, mydriasis, flushed skin, hyperthermia, drowsiness, tachycardia, hallucina- tions, and seizures. Death has resulted from seizures and/or cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac arrhythmias are similar to those following an overdose of other drugs with class Ia antiarrhyth- mic properties, and result from the blockade of fast sodium channels (4).
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Dramamine FAQ What's Related >>
Originally Written for Usenet alt.drugs
........
1.2 Why a Dramamine FAQ?
It is not my intention to cover just Dramamine, as there are many other medicines that have much the same effects. However, if I named this the Anticholinergic/Antihistamine FAQ, people would pretty much ignore it (perhaps not knowing what it means) and/or expect other anticholinergic/antihistamine sources to be discussed, such as plants, etc.
The drugs mentioned in this FAQ are Dramamine, Dramamine II, Benadryl Allergy, Marezene, and a few others. When referring to Dramamine, I am also referring to these other drugs as well. It's just a lot easier to refer to these drugs as just "Dramamine" than "diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, cyclizine HCl, and meclizine HCl."
Also, this FAQ is to set up to provide answers to the most frequently asked questions regarding Dramamine use and present several experiences of peoples' Dramamine trips.
After searching the Internet and NOT finding a Dramamine FAQ (I could only find reports of experiences) I decided to write this and close the book once and for all on any speculation regarding the use of Dramamine. If you find any part of this FAQ incomplete or in any way wrong please let me know via e-mail and I will do my best at correcting the information and acknowledging your help. Thanks. 2 General Information 2.1 What's the difference between all these drugs?
The effects of diphenhydramine HCl and dimenhydrinate are virtually the same. However, diphenhydramine HCl produces a more marked, rapid effect. Dimenhydrinate was developed to avoid those effects, but still have the H2 effects.
Dimenhydrinate is the 8-chlorotheophyllinate salt of diphenhydramine HCl. You don't have to worry too much about what that means! [if you wanna know: it means there's an additional bunch of atoms attached to each of the diphenhydramine molecules. This bunch of atoms is stripped off when it dissolves in water, so that the effect of the drug is not changed. However, it adds to the weight of the molecule, which means that the drug is less potent.] The only important difference is potency: 50mg of dimenhydrinate and cyclizine HCl is equivalent to 25mg of diphenhydramine HCl and meclizine HCl. It's basically the same drug. Of course, these drugs are more expensive as a sleep aid than as an allergy medicine, though it is the same formulation. Be sure to keep your eyes open if you want the best deal.
Meclizine hydrochloride is much like dimenhydrinate, except that it produces less sleepiness and has a weaker effect. 2.2 What are these drugs generally used for?
Diphenhydramine HCl can be used for the treatment of everything from allergies to anxiety disorders, and even the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Dimenhydrinate can be used as a sleep aid, and as an anti-nausea motion-sickness medication. However, quite paradoxically, in higher doses it can cause nausea. 2.3 What are some brand name medicines containing these drugs?
Some brand names of dimenhydrinate include: Calm-X, Dimetabs, Dramamine, Marmine, Nico-Vert, Tega-Vert, and Triptone. Some brand names of diphenhydramine HCl include: Aller Max, Banophen, Belix, Benadryl, Benylin Cough, Bydramine, Compoz, Diphen Cough, Dormarex-2, Genahist, Hydramine, Hydramyn, Nervine Nighttime Sleep-Aid, Nidryl, Nordryl, Nytol, Phendry, Sleep-Eze 3, Sominex 2, Tusstat, and Twilite.
Other variations may include Marezene (containing cyclizine hydrochloride 50mg per tablet) and Dramamine II (containing meclizine hydrochloride 25mg per tablet). Note that some of the above brand names are not over-the-counter medications.
Dramamine is also available in the form of Gravol in Canada and other countries. 2.4 How does diphenhydramine Hcl and dimenhydrinate work?
Antihistamines generally, and Diphenydramine Hcl specifically, act by antagonizing histamine at the site of the H1 histamine receptor. Antihistamines dry up the secretion of the nose, throat, and eyes. They relieve itch and will help you go to sleep.
Dimenhydrinate depresses the middle-ear function, but the way in which it actually prevents nausea, vomiting, or dizziness is not known.
However, these drugs are not just antihistamines. They have a significant amount of anticholinergic activity. What does this mean? There's a chemical in the nervous system called acetylcholine, which is one of a set of substances called neurotransmitters. These chemicals transmit signals from one neuron to another. Acetylcholine is present in many different parts of the brain. Notably, it's present in areas thought to be associated with memory, and is the primary transmitter of the motor pathways leading off from the spinal cord. It plays a role in just about every system, however.
Dramamine et al work to prevent acetylcholine from transmitting its signals.
The importance of acetycholine to memory may explain the amnesia people usually have for the events during a high-dose Dramamine trip. The heaviness that people often report is most likely a result of the blocking of signals to muscles: the brain has to send a much stronger signal to overcome the opposition produced by diphenhydramine, and this is interpreted as a sensation of greater effort by the brain. 2.5 Cautions and Warnings
People with a prostate condition, some types of stomach ulcers, bladder problems, difficulty urinating, glaucoma, asthma, or abnormal heart rhythms should not use dimenhydrinate. Because it reduces nausea and vomiting, dimenhydrinate can hide symptoms of overdose of other medicines or the symptoms of appendicitis. Your doctor may have difficulty reaching an accurate diagnosis in these conditions unless he or she knows you are taking dimenhydrinate.
Diphenhydramine HCl should not be used if you are allergic to this drug. (That's another reason that it's a good idea to start off with really small doses.) It should be avoided or used with extreme care if you have narrow-angle glaucoma (pressure in the eye), stomach ulcer or other stomach problems, enlarged prostate, or problems passing urine. It should not be used by people who have deep-breathing problems such as asthma. Use with extra care - if at all - if you have a history of thyroid disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes.
The same cautions/warnings should be used while taking similar drugs such as cyclizine HCl and meclizine HCl. Also, do not drive while on these medications as they can be quite sedating. (not to mention the hallucinations!) 2.6 Possible side effects
The most common side effect of dimenhydrinate is dizziness. Other, less frequent, side effects are blurred vision, difficult or painful urination, increased sensitivity to the sun, loss of appetite, nightmares, rash, ringing or buzzing in the ears, and dry mouth, nose, or throat. Similar effects persist with the use of diphenhydramine HCl since it is basically the same drug. 2.7 Drug Interactions
Taking dimenhydrinate together with alcoholic beverages, other antihistamines, tranquilizers, or other nervous-system depressants can result in excessive dizziness, drowsiness, or other signs of nervous-system depression.
Diphenhydramine HCl should not be taken with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Interaction with tranquilizers, sedatives, and sleeping medication will increase the effects of these drugs. Again, be extremely cautious when drinking alcohol while taking diphenhydramine HCl, which will enhance the intoxicating effect of the alcohol. Alcohol also has a sedative effect.
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