Auto-SummaryThe post discusses the limitations of peer-reviewed publications and the potential for fraudulent research to slip through the system. The author argues that relying on such journals is unreliable, citing examples of fraudulent studies published in reputable journals like Nature. They emphasize the importance of questioning the validity of sources and not accepting information at face value.
The author then shifts focus to agricultural energy use, specifically addressing the question of energy cost per acre for cattle. They provide data from the USDA Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey, which shows that irrigated farmland accounted for $1.55 billion in energy costs in 2003, with electricity being the primary power source at an average cost of $39.50 per acre. The post also highlights that corn for grain or seed, alfalfa hay, cotton, soybeans, and orchard land required the most water, accounting for 56% of all irrigated land, with the leading states for irrigated land being California, Nebraska, and Texas.
koraks said:
Prisoner#1 said: [did you miss my post regarding the journal of clinical nutrition? clinical nutritionists are like holistic healers, you can become one by paying the fee and taking the open book test. they push a no meat agenda in addition to talking about detoxification, hair analysis and other quackery for nutritional health... just because they have an official sounding name doesnt make them a reputable source
I didn't expect you to be aware of how peer-reviewed publication works. Still, thanks for demonstrating your complete lack of awareness of the scientific method. All articles I quoted are peer reviewed.
I'm well aware of how it works, I'm also well aware that peer review doest work on the process of testing but on plausibility and often times the 'peers' in the process have little to no knowledge in the field, I'm also aware that there's been numerous instances of fraud slipping through because the system isnt designed to police fraud
Quote:
Quote: http://rawlivingfoods.typepad.com/1/2007/03/american_journa.html why not pull the information from an accredited agency or educational institution instead of a fraudulent 'medical' journal
Then you must consider Nature a fraudulent journal as well. They have published a number of studies in the past that afterwards have been demonstrated to be based on fraudulent data. By your logic, that makes every single publication in the journal fraudulent.
then I suppose you're starting to understand just how useless the current process of peer review is since those fraudulent articles were in fact peer reviewed articles
Quote: Admit it man: you're not going to win this argument based on facts, because you don't know what you're talking about. Therefore, you resort to trying to pull any evidence that doesn't suit your case into doubt, using ludicrous accusations. I'm done here. I don't need to watch you make an ass out of yourself anymore.
what facts... I've shown that 99% of the water used in agriculture is used to produce vegetative crops while the, let's loot at a few other facts, points I've made regarding fertilization, transportation and cultivation of field crops
http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/AFGG_Inventory/5_AgriculturalEnergyUse.pdf
Quote: Different forms of energy are used for different purposes in U.S. agriculture. Energy used on farms is typically categorized as direct and indirect energy (Maranowski 2005). Direct energy is used on the farm for various operations, whereas indirect energy is the energy used to produce energy-intensive farm inputs, such as commercial fertilizers. Liquid fuel is the most versatile form of direct energy used on farms. Crop production uses large amounts of diesel fuel, gasoline, and liquefied petroleum (LP) gas for field operations. Most large farms use diesel-fueled vehicles for tilling, planting, cultivating, disking, harvesting, and applying fertilizers and pesticides. Gasoline is used for small trucks and older harvesting equipment. Smaller farms are more likely to use gasoline-powered equipment, but as farms get larger they tend to use more diesel fuel. Farmers use a significant amount of energy to dry crops, such as grain, tobacco, and peanuts. Several types of energy can be used for crop drying, including LP gas, electricity, diesel fuel and natural gas. Annual rainfall can have a significant effect on the amount of energy used to dry crops from year to year. For example, above-average rainfall, especially just prior to harvest time, can increase the moisture level of grain. In order to meet quality standards it may require more energy to dry the grain. Weather can also affect the energy used in livestock facilities and other farm buildings that use various forms of energy for heating, cooling, and air circulation. Natural gas is commonly used to control greenhouse temperatures and dairies rely heavily on electricity to power milking machines and other equipment. While many irrigation systems in the U.S. are gravity flow systems that require little or no energy for water distribution, irrigation systems that use pumps to distribute water use energy. Based on the 2003 USDA Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey, about 43 million acres of U.S. farmland were irrigated with pumps powered by liquid fuels, natural gas and electricity, costing a total of $1.55 billion (USDA NASS 2004). Electricity was the principal power source for these pumps, costing $953 million to irrigate 24.1 million acres at an average cost of $39.50 per acre. Diesel fuel was used to power pumps on about 12 million acres and natural gas was used on about 5 million acres (USDA NASS 2004).
The area of land irrigated can vary substantially from year to year, depending on environmental conditions. For example, in 2003, 52.6 million acres of farmland in the U.S. were irrigated (including gravity flow irrigation), about 6 million acres more than were irrigated in 1994 (USDA NASS 1999d, 2004). Corn for grain or seed, alfalfa hay, cotton, soybeans, and orchard land (e.g., fruit trees, vineyards, and nut trees) required the most water in 2003, accounting for 56% of all irrigated land. The leading States for irrigated land in 2003 are California with 16%, Nebraska with 14%, and Texas with 9%, out of the total U.S. irrigated farm land area
what's the energy cost per acre for cattle?
|