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Mushrooms, Mycology and Psychedelics > Mushroom Hunting and Identification
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Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters
    #5407192 -

Here we have 54 new images on 2 pages of the blue staining psilocybian mushroom Copelandia cyanescens.

These specimens were collected for herbarium deposit and for spore prionts in the spring and summer/fall months of 2005 in various locations in Thailand.

This species can be found in the tropics and neotropics of both hemispheres.

From southern Georgia to Florida and west to Texas and southern Oklahoma. The Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America. Numerous islands in the Pacific and Oceanea, in Australia and New Zealand, in Sri Lanka and South and Southeast Asia and the Philippine Islands and also in Southern parts of Europe and various locations in Africa.

It's spores and sporeprint are jet black and the gills are blackish with light white edges. This mushroom is coprophilous growing in the dung of four-legged ruminants.

Also common in manured soil in habitats where manure is spread on the ground and used for fertilizers.

Enjoy the images. They especially look fantastic when enlarged. This now brings my website to more than 12,000 photographs.

http://mushroomjohn.com/thaicopes2005-1.htm

mjshroomer

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Re: Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters [Re: mjshroomer]
    #5407197 -

nice pics

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Re: Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters [Re: Trippinballz]
    #5407201 -

tomorrow I'm making a trip to Huntsville Texas the humidity is about 90%. do u think ill find anything?

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Re: Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters [Re: Trippinballz]
    #5407260 -

That would depend on temperatures for the last few weeks, whether it has rained or not.

How long the manure has been decomposing.

One must never forget that not every field will have mushrooms in them. SOme could have all Copes or all cubes and some could have both, and some could have both at the same time and at different times.

I use to live in Jacksonville Florida 20 years ago for a half a year and the cubes came up in April and may and disappeared int he hotter months. However, In the south of Florida, some say they can grow all year, but I find that very rare in the hotter climates.

Good luck in your venture.

mj

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Re: Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters [Re: mjshroomer]
    #5407365 -

MJ, great pics and great resource.  12,000 photos - wow!  Although I've got to wonder - are there any ruminants out there not on 4 legs?
:wink:

mjshroomer said:
It's spores and sporeprint are jet black and the gills are blackish with light white edges. This mushroom is coprophilous growing in the dung of four-legged ruminants.



http://mushroomjohn.com/thaicopes2005-1.htm

mjshroomer


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Re: Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters [Re: xmush]
    #5407375 -

Only Kangaroos and i think they are Marsupials? Am I wrong?

mj

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Re: Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters [Re: mjshroomer]
    #5407393 -

Kangaroos are indeed marsupials, but they are not ruminants. Although like ruminants, much of their digestion occurs via fermentation in their stomach. But marsupials evolved independently and in parallel with other mammals (because of their isolation).

But, it does bring up a good point for our friends on the bottom of the world - do copes grow in kangaroo dung?

xmush

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Re: Copelandia cyanescens: A Pictorial for Shroom Hunters [Re: xmush]
    #5407435 -

Excerpted from, Mj's "Magic Mushrooms of australia and New Zealand."

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CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM
FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI
One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic, that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likely appeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.

Psilocybe cubensis The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in 1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. By l803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were imported from the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period that some of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared in Australia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland (1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in the case of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the South African dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to English mycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland,
Quote:
"it must be remembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilous fungi on kangaroo droppings etc."

] Some mycologists who have studied the "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drug tends to confirm the belief that [some] farmers in early times [may have] added one or two basidiomes [gilled mushrooms] to a meal to liven it up [and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)."

More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii.

While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected.

In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988)."

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mj

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Mushrooms, Mycology and Psychedelics > Mushroom Hunting and Identification
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