Soul derives from psyche, a general Greek term for mind (different from say, nous, which might be equivalent to individual 'spirit,' but not universal spirit: pneuma). Regardless of the gradation of Reality, soul is not a 'thing' let alone a possession. Mind is a non-physical 'field-effect,' metaphorically speaking, and all fields (according to physics) extend to infinity, howsoever attenuated they become. As a non-physical phenomenon, soul/psyche is more like something we participate in and of, like space-time. Our bodies are 'woven' from the fabric of 4 known dimensions, 3 spatial and 1 temporal. There is a mysterious correlation between body and mind and not just the brain. The brain alone is an absurdity. That organ is integrally embedded in a body of cells, tissues, neurons, blood vessels, with organ systems and connective tissue that makes the nervous system ambulatory.
If any spacial metaphor pertains to soul it would be that we participate in soul, while soul interfaces at every spacio-temporal point not only in our body but at every point in space-time itself. In other words (and this was surmised by the collaboration of C.G. Jung and physicist Wolfgang Pauli), that psyche is as ubiquitous as space-time, but the awareness of it requires 'receivers' with which to 'tune into' it. Humans and animals and (if you read The Hidden Life of Trees by Peter Woklleben), then plant life also participates in psyche. The philosopher W.T. Stace, like the alchemists before him, suggest that even the mineral kingdom participates in psyche. Today, studies with photons and electrons suggest that they 'behave' differently when they are observed by a human being. This does not suggest any human-like sentience, but rather that sentience is a property of existence itself in which every 'thing' participates.
There are names for this philosophy depending upon whether one is taking a higher transcendental source into account (and then we see words like Pantheism or Panentheism), but with regard to your use of the word soul, the appropriate term would probably be Panpsychism. On the other hand, while a Western misconception is that the soul is 'immortal,' this contradicts the biblical notion of humans as created beings. Personal immortality is not a biblical notion regardless of how many people in history have, through wishful thinking, interpreted "Eternal Life" to mean personal immortality. The Buddhists disavow the notion as one of two main heresies. Here, 'belief' in personal immortality would be called 'eternalism.' (The other heresy is nihilism). Hindus have a temporary soul, the Jivatman and an eternal soul, Atman, but the latter is a universal level of consciousness and not a personal 'possession.' Buddha rejected both together with his Anatman (or Anatta in Pali), but really, the Atman may not be a different Summum Bonum than Nirvana is. In fact, while Buddha never explicitly denied the existence of God, he did reject a dependence upon a personal God (Saguna Brahman). The transpersonal God, without any attributes (attributes are 'parts' and absolute unity does not admit of parts), called Nirguna Brahman, might be Buddha's starting place for Nirvana, as the prefix Nir- can mean 'without' and Nirvana is likewise without attributes.
The soul however, does admit of attributes. Plato might have derived his 3 levels of soul: rational, spirited and appetitive, from a Hindu source. The 7 chakras relate 3 realms of soul as it were - heavenly, human, and animal realms. This continued into Tibetan Buddhist chakra psychology, which drew on Chinese trigrams of heaven and earth with the interface being human realization of both. Jewish Kabbalism speaks of 3-5 levels of soul, depending upon the author, but the 3 most seen are the Neschamah, Ruach, and Nephesh (very similar in meaning to Plato's divisions). It is like each chakra tunes into different frequencies of soul/psyche, which is why they are often depicted as the 7 main colors of the spectrum, all of which form the whole of visible human range of EMR. In the Bible, humans ARE a living soul, an embodied being, a psychosomatic entity which is dissolved at death. The idiom of soul as being a thing, an attribute having location and 'going' to realms of punishment or reward is ancient but it lacks philosophical coherence and common sense. It is just as conflated at the notion of eternity with endless duration of time.
Edited by MarkostheGnostic (02/28/19 11:36 PM)
|