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Offlinesnakebite
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Registered: 11/21/12
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Ganoderma lucidum bag cultivation of major diseases and prevention measures
    #19080743 - 11/03/13 02:58 PM (10 years, 3 months ago)

I found this material on chinese mushroom site. I think is very good and i decide to share with you. Maybe translation is not so good but I think it is understandable.

Ganoderma lucidum bag cultivation of major diseases and prevention measures

  Abstract cited occurred during bag cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum main diseases, presenting symptoms, analyzes the main reason for the occurrence of such diseases, combining production, summed up the corresponding control measures.
  Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) commonly known as Ganoderma lucidum grass, Seocho, years mushroom, etc., has been since ancient times as a symbol of good luck, healing medicine and natural crafts. Market potential and development prospects, for this reason, in recent years the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum growing year by year, in the course of successive years of cultivation, the occurrence of disease also showed a trend of increasing year by year, seriously affecting the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum. In recent years, I explore the interior bag cultivation of Ganoderma technical processes, on the occurrence of major diseases and prevention measures were summarized as follows.

A physiological diseases   

1.1 inoculated block does not germinate or germinate slowly   
1.1.1 symptoms after inoculation bacteria do not germinate, a few days after inoculation blocks covered with green mold layer, training materials and other bacteria within the Mucor began to spread; although some germination but very slow, was very pale gray, mycelium grown in culture within the delicate material, weakness, slow.   
1.1.2 Analysis of the training materials
① too much water, the small particles, resulting bag of hypoxia;
② too much time bagging sterilization is not timely, resulting bag training materials sour;
③ bag after sterilization not sufficiently cooled to vaccination, so in high temperature conditions, the activity decreased mycelium bacteria.   
1.1.3 Prevention
① training materials to scientific preparation, particle thickness to match, water content 60% ~ 65%;
② bag filled promptly after sterilization, the day of loading requirements, sterilization day, the day of vaccination;
③ bag after sterilization temperature material heart dropped to below 25 ℃ must be vaccinated.  
 
1.2 mycelium sparse mycelial growth in the compound delicate, weakness, slow growth rate, the color was gray.   
1.2.1 Analysis
① bacteria degradation, aging, high temperature or strain cultured under hypoxic conditions;
② culture material moisture is low, particles are too small, poor permeability, pH discomfort;
③ mismanagement, culture room temperature over high and poorly ventilated.   
1.2.2 The selection of control measures
① robust growth, white bushy strain age is small, wall-climbing and strong and absolutely no pest strains of bacteria infection;
② strains from qualified production units purchased and rigorous selection, preparation of training science material;
③ reasonable arrangements cultivation season, Jianghuai region to April, the mid-vaccination is appropriate, May bag, there are measures to control the use of artificial cultivation room temperature 25 ~ 26 ℃ is appropriate, and enhance ventilation.   

1.3 hyphae leggy   
1.3.1 sackful symptoms continue after mycelial growth, dense into the group, formed by bacteria, fungi or the formation of white skin, so difficult to form fruiting bodies or delay fruiting occurred.   
1.3.2 Analysis
① strain aging or parent species is selected when switching aerial hyphae;
② cultivate high levels of nitrogen compound, excessive moisture, fat and other bacteria when the temperature is too high;
③ training room ventilation , CO2 concentration is too high are not conducive to the growth of mycelium kinks.   
1.3.3 Prevention strain selection, training materials preparation and cultured as described above control methods, the occurrence of excessive growth should be promptly cut or pick to bacterial skin, more water and increase ventilation to promote primordia formation.  
 
1.4 does not generate fruiting   mycelium covered bags
1.4.1 Symptoms After all, not fruiting.   
1.4.2 Analysis
① mainly mismanagement, hair fungus, the temperature is too high or the temperature is too large, Jundai formed on the surface of bacteria thicker skin, cut off the supply of water and oxygen, which is difficult to generate fruiting bodies;
② primordia initial temperature discomfort, continuous high or continuous low mycelium can not carry out normal physiological metabolism, difficult to form fruiting bodies.  
 1.4.3 Prevention
① control the temperature during the formation of fruiting bodies, scientific and rational regulation primordia environmental conditions, to ensure there are appropriate temperature, we must also ensure that humidity, ventilation and lighting and so on.
② The appearance of aging skin fungus, bacteria can scratch method, the old scratched or bacterial skin surface using soil methods to promote primordia.   

1.5 fruiting deformity   deformity
1.5.1 Symptoms
① Stipe: Stipe and some were thin and curved strip, and some irregular short columnar, and some were repeatedly branching staghorn, some bacteria form small cover, there is no formation of the cap;
② cap deformity cap growth is not normal, bacteria bud formation, can not continue to divide, opening film, just like a pimple; Chi thick cover or small, or large and thin irregular nodular.   
1.5.2 Analysis
① mainly bacteria bud stage temperature and humidity is low, inadequate ventilation and lighting, such as temperature <20 ℃, relative humidity <70%, CO2 0.1%, when the cap does not differentiate, produced only antlers like branches, stipe on the leggy, if long in darkness or low light, are easy to form Stipe deformity;
② opening film of the temperature is below 20 ℃ or above 30 ℃, poor ventilation, insufficient light, constantly changing light location or mechanical injury growing point will make contact cap deformity.   
1.5.3 Prevention
① selected planting season, so that when the temperature of the formation of fruiting bodies in 20 ~ 30 ℃, the best conditions in the 25 ~ 28 ℃;
② air relative humidity around 90%, the early formation of fruiting bodies of water management to the walls, bed frames, floors, space-based spray. When Chicago lid diameter greater than 3cm, the ventilation rate should increase with the increase of the number of spray, spray about 4 times a day, you can also spray the fruiting bodies of water;
③ timely ventilation, high temperatures when the ventilation rate to a large, open doors and windows during the day, evening may be appropriate to close the doors and windows, but still want to keep indoor air fresh;
④ good control of light, when stipe primordia appear, you need to be able to see the light intensity of the object and can not see Newspapers clear text as well, when the fruiting films need to open the illuminance of the light intensity can read newspapers, and indoor lighting should be uniform, do not often change the light position. Two non-physiological diseases

2.1 wooden mold symptoms of major damage
2.1.1 mycelium growing season and out of Chicago in the period of performance of the mycelium growing incidence of oral vaccination or bacteria stick inside a green dot or patchy, it is soon grow into a sheet, and vaccination coverage surface, Ganoderma lucidum lose nutrition and stop growing; out of the fruiting body is infected turf immediately after the stop growing, and soften, waterlogging, and soon the entire fruiting body covered with wooden mold filaments .   
2.1.2 Analysis
① manufactured using a dynamic strain aging or may be weak;
② using high starch content of wheat or corn produced the original species to transfer production of seed, seed culture thus produced late susceptible bacteria infections, thus the bacteria itself is contaminated;
③ culture material using cotton seed shell, sawdust and other wood itself has a lot of mold, if sterilization is not complete, it caused the dispersion of Trichoderma strains bag appeared, so that in each bag parts;
④ sterile place, cool place, vaccination sites, training places in the air with a lot of Trichoderma spores;
⑤ tools and vaccinators were inoculated according to the specified operation.   
2.1.3 Prevention
① Use strong resistance, vigorous growth, pollution-age strains;
② starch content is not too high to make full use of the original species and cultivars to produce mushroom;
③ raw materials to fresh medium dry and no mildew, and try not to incorporate sugar, in strict accordance with the provisions formula, to avoid adding too much nitrogen-rich material, the moisture should be strictly controlled in 60% to 65%, easily lead to excessive moisture Trichoderma;
④ thoroughly sterilized atmospheric pressure sterilization to 100 ℃ maintained 10h, autoclave 121 ℃ ~ 126 ℃ maintained 2.5h above, sterile bag to be placed in a clean, sterile place, after cooling timely vaccination.
⑤ ensure vaccination or inoculation box room and sterile clean bench height, training room also clean and disinfect, no accumulation of waste and contaminated materials;
⑥ should always check during hair fungus, Trichoderma Jundai contamination was found to be transported out and Destruction;
⑦ out Shiba place to keep clean, non-polluting, to strengthen ventilation, strict control of temperature and humidity, and timely mining Chi, Chi removal of disease, decontamination Jundai.
  
2.2 Alternaria blight   symptoms initially inoculated
2.2.1 or Jundai damaged hole surrounded by a thin cotton wool mouth hyphae, 2 ~ 3d after the emergence of powdery substances, and tear formed in the bag or orange white spores , spore powder with air circulation around the repeated contamination of other Jundai.  
2.2.2 Analysis of
① a production environment conidia of Alternaria mold;
② carrier bacteria, fungus and incubated at high temperature, easy to damp tampon, or Jundai are damaged, so that the infection of Alternaria mold.   
2.2.3 Prevention
① strain selection, training materials ratio, sterilization reference Trichoderma prevention; ② prepared in advance when inoculated sterilized through a cotton plug on the inoculation chamber and found bags strain wet tampon has to be replaced;
③ sterilized inoculation was found to be damaged Jundai removed, re-sterilized;
④ Alternaria fungal infection has occurred Jundai immediately put on film bag, and then moved to other premises isolation process prevent scattering spores.
  
2.3 brown rot symptoms and development
2.3.1 fruiting growth stopped after infection, stipe covered with turf browning, color and deepened, and soon decay, but also exudes a foul odor.   
2.3.2 Analysis by the propagation of the fruiting body tissue spaces inside cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens and rod cells cause unknown. Such bacteria are widely distributed in air, soil, water and cultivate compound, the temperature inside the fruiting body formation, causing brown rot of the important reasons is humidity, when the Chicago Housing air humidity exceeds 90%, poor ventilation, concentrated in Chicago cover lack of timely moisture evaporates, long in hot and humid conditions, the fruiting body resistance decreased, leading to bacterial invasion disease.   
2.3.3 Prevention
① Chanzhi of good control of temperature and humidity, while increasing the amount of ventilation, avoid high temperature and humidity;
② to walls, bed frames, floors, space, fruiting bodies of water must be sprayed clean;
③ mature sub- entity after harvest bacteria bed surface and the Chicago Housing should be promptly cleaned up;
④ the onset of fruiting bodies must be promptly removed.

References   [1] Song handed. edible map and pest control [M]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press ,2011:16-18 ,23-25 ,35-36.   [2] Luo Xinchang, the Royal Qing Ru-only. mushroom pests and prevention of bacteria [M]. Beijing: Agriculture Press ,1995:209-211.   [3] Zhang JX. Newly mushroom production Technical Manual [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press ,2000:349-354.   [4] Yang Zetao. mushroom production in green mold prevention and treatment [J]. mushroom, 2012 (2): 31.


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OfflineOICU812
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Registered: 11/06/11
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Re: Ganoderma lucidum bag cultivation of major diseases and prevention measures [Re: snakebite]
    #19081166 - 11/03/13 04:10 PM (10 years, 3 months ago)

Copied into permanent records .  .  . Thanks snakebite!


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Offlinesnakebite
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Registered: 11/21/12
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Re: Ganoderma lucidum bag cultivation of major diseases and prevention measures [Re: OICU812]
    #19084725 - 11/04/13 09:46 AM (10 years, 3 months ago)

:takingnotes:

Copy, copy! :rockon:


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