Quote: why do alkanes potentiate things?
In this example the THC group has a 'dimethylheptyl' group attached to the benzene on the THC.
what about methyl-fentanyl?
why also, does the position of the group affect the potency?
Pharmacologically active drugs basically are chemical keys which fit onto receptors of your cells, and when such a key is in place an activation or de-activation of a process in your body takes place.
But, there is variability in receptors (locks) which allows for a group of molecules to be able to act as keys. Then there ofcourse arises the issue that some molecules will fit better than others.
If a molecule fits a receptor better, then less of the substance is needed to produce the desired effect, and the drug typically is more potent. Also, if an alteration of a molecule results in higher availability to those receptors, potency goes up too.
Lets take opiates as an example.
Morphine, the natural alkaloid, is active in a 5-25mg dose. A synthetic opioid, pethidine, is about 1/5 as strong. Heroin, which is made by heating morphine with acetic anhydride, is 2-3x as potent.
On the quest for better opioids, one of the more promising families of compounds were the derivatives of fentanyl. Fentanyl itself is a staggering 80x as potent as morphine. Here are some variations on the molecule:
<img src=http://www.shroomery.org/forums/files/06-45/307362457-fentanyls.gif>
This is only the tip of the iceberg, thousands of variations are possible.
Fentanyl is mostly broken down by cleaving the phenethyl-group off the piperidine. One can hinder that by adding a methyl group, because this gets in the way of the enzymes. Then you get alpha-methylfentanyl, which indeed is more potent, at 200x morphine. This is making an increase on availability.
If you however stick that methyl in the 3-position of the piperidine ring it will fit the "lock" far better than fentanyl itself. It fits so well in fact that it is 3.000x more potent than morphine, and three grams of this 3-methylfentanyl in fact are a million doses. (or in other words, one gram 3-MF is equivalent to a kilo of pure heroin or 3 kilos of high quality street heroin.
Quote: In this example the THC group has a 'dimethylheptyl' group attached to the benzene on the THC.
They want this dimethylheptyl-tail on the cannabinoid molecules, because it is an optimized form, it fits the receptor very well, thats why you see it recur in many different THC analogs. And this tail fits that three-ring "body" really well, and the hydroxylated "head" (which is kinda pre-metabolized) is the finishing touch. Thats why this molecule is so potent: it fits the receptor (CB1 in this case) far better than THC does.
There are a thousand things more to it, but this basically is the main theme. Given the potency of HU-210 I wouldn't be surprised if one day molecules are found that are several thousand times more potent than THC, but they probably will have a novel structure. If they are relatively easy to synthesize and have good oral bioavailability and effects, you might be looking at one of the world's most popular recreational drugs of the future.
But HU-210 already might be a lot like this one:
Quote: CP 55,940, is a cannabinoid which mimics the effects of naturally occurring THC (the psychoactive compound found in marijuana). CP 55,940 was created by Pfizer in 1974 and was never marketed because of its highly psychoactive nature. It is currently used by scientists to study cannabinoid effects in biology. Some effects that have been noted are a greatly decreased rates of lever pressing in exposed mice, and a greater reaction to opiates in exposed mice. CP-55940 is 40 times more potent than Δ9-THC, and fully antagonized by rimonabant (SR141716A) (Life Sci 1996;58:1239-47; last update 010106). CP 55940 produces cannabis-like effects in humans at a dose of 0.25 - 1 milligram and could potentially be used as a legal alternative to medicinal marijuana but is unlikely to be marketed for this purpose due to its abuse potential. structure
Imagine an ultrapotent cannabinoid of increased desirability over THC. HU-210 might be it.
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