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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29626354 -

I read today some of the rubbish comments on another persons DIY autoclave and they insistently told the poster that it was a misdemeanor or felony to operate a pressure vessel without ASME certification…….So after a deep dive I’ve found a legal work around,


All I would need is a permanent placard data plate that specifies that it’s ASME exempt, it cannot be a “fired” vessel so only electric elements are allowed and it cannot exceed 15psi, also found out all Americans and even the large 150L Chinese autoclaves are not ASME certified

The main road block I was hitting was not understanding that “fired” means literal flames  and electric elements don’t classify as a fired vessel so I’m clear as long as I stay at or below 15 psi



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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns] * 1
    #29626670 -





Hit 40 psi no problem, I left it at 40psi overnight so we will check it again tomorrow, 2 bolts had minor leaks, hit it with the wrench and it stopped Leaking, welds are solid no bulging at the flange so i feel confident in this build !!!!

I will start wiring up the elements and controller this weekend and possibly start the prep work for paint


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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29627316 -

Woo!! Congrats. Definitely a milestone. The thing is a beast! How does it handle when you need to move it?

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: deadmandave]
    #29627361 -

deadmandave said:
Woo!! Congrats. Definitely a milestone. The thing is a beast! How does it handle when you need to move it?




Surprisingly well, the beefy trailer tires actually make it very smooth to move around, even with it empty it still weighs 250-300LBs so it’s like dragging an unconscious linebacker lmao, thankfully I’m also pretty stocky myself growing up on a farm in the south has definitely helped prepare me for lugging this thing around :lol:


Also wanted to mention i checked the gauge tonight after 24 hrs @40psig and it only dropped to 32 psig so that’s an 8 increment loss in pressure which was discovered to be a slow drip at the cap on one of my top pipe stems that i removed the pressure relief valve T and temporarily capped off so i could get the pressure above 20 psi so it isn’t even applicable not to mention 40psig is a little over double what im operating at

On another note i started prefabricating the electrical components today so i have my PID in a weatherproof box and drilled and added 2 flex connectors at the bottom that will feed 10Awg to each element and i popped in a hole on the top right for the thermostat leads and made sure to leave enough room where i can add additional components like an emergency alarm indicator, cooling fan for the solid state relay and other things








Here’s some Ai slop I made to help visualize the concept and placement lmao ChatGPT wanted to be funny i guess and made sure to make it realistic and include the rust :rofl2:





Also prefabed the flex whips to the modified LB conduit bodies that will attach to the elements, I had to do a lot of frowned upon modifications to step the conduit body down from 1 1/4 to 3/4 lmao but it turned out very nicely






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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns] * 1
    #29627914 -

Got some of the main electrical components installed today, it’s a little ugly in my opinion but I’m a master electrician so this was just sloppily cobbled together to get the job done, i wanted to set the box higher but wasn’t sure if the lid would clear it when it’s in the open position so i opted to just have my welder set the mounting brackets lower, this in turn made my flex shorter and uglier than I had envisioned but it’s all good, if it bothers me too much I’ll just have him weld a cover panel to hide all of it lmao :shrug:







Also when I got there today i noticed the heat from sitting in the sun all day got her up to 50psig so that’s 3X more than the operating pressure it will be subjected to






Another thing i wanted to go over in a little more detail is this “Thermal well” we had to engineer here to get an accurate temperature reading for the PID thermocouple without leaks, the screw set that came with it would not make an air tight seal, so i removed it and instead took a stainless steel drinking straw, crimped and welded one end that goes in the tank and then welded and sealed the other opening to a threaded plug that drops into the T body just below my double pressure relief valves

This allows me to drop the thermocouple probe directly into the stainless steel straw about 6 inches deep in the lid from the outside of the tank without it being in direct contact with the steam or ever leaking and still will give a much more accurate temperature reading then if I just attached it to the outside of the tank







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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29627990 -

50 psi?? Were you nervous when you saw that?

the conduit runs look good imo. Different than the ai's depiction but at least the patina is consistent.

Love the idea for the temp probe, much less chance of it ever leaking or needing maintenance.

How much water you think you'll run in it? 10kw is gonna heat it quickly. Is that gonna need 480v?

Edited by deadmandave (07/20/26 12:08 AM)

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29628072 -

I fucking love this project!!! And the outcome too! It's a beautiful, beefy autoclave. The only thing I would do differently is using a digital manometer to automate the cycle: boiling water at 15 psi is automatically at 121 C, so no need for another threaded insert and the thermocouple. I would then connect a microcontroller to the manometer to read the pressure and drive the heaters and the release valve for the whole cycle.


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Garbage in, garbage out.

Life saver for contamination (cabin sequestering):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhwoNYmu_LA

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: deadmandave]
    #29628090 -

deadmandave said:
50 psi?? Were you nervous when you saw that?

the conduit runs look good imo. Different than the ai's depiction but at least the patina is consistent.

Love the idea for the temp probe, much less chance of it ever leaking or needing maintenance.

How much water you think you'll run in it? 10kw is gonna heat it quickly. Is that gonna need 480v?





No i don’t think I’d say nervous as much as I was excited, it was under hydrostatic pressure so worst case scenario it would just remind me of my ex and squirt me in the face :rofl2: ……  I should call her lmao


As an electrician I criticize my own work more scrupulously then others… it bothers my OCD lol,

I hate the patina, i bought paint and a paint gun just for this project, i used to paint airplanes and cars so this will be a breeze, i just don’t have any of my old painting equipment or sand blaster so i might have to buy one if i can’t get it cleaned up with just a grinder and wire wheel,

im gonna first strip all the rust with phosphoric acid and treat the base metal with a corrosion blocker then use a black oil based semi-gloss rustoleum in the spray gun and then i think I might stencil on the iconic renaissance “Sun in Splendour” I use in my profile pic :sun:


The thermowell idea actually came from my nuclear welder friend, it’s a common practice in his industry dealing with steam reactors that can’t get contaminated or have outside objects introduced

For the water I’m not sure exactly volume wise but I expect the bottom 1/5 to 1/4 of the tank, I’ll try to track the exact volume later as I get to the final part of this before actually running it

It will be set up like my atmospheric steamer build with 240v 25Amps per element being feed into a 50Amp plug and disconnect which will be supplied by a 50 amp GFCI breaker back at the main panel


I’m confident 2 4500w elements will be enough i wanted to install 5kw elements but couldn’t find them but i might upsize in the future so technically I’m only pushing 9kw through it but to put that in perspective I have an atmospheric steamer that only uses 1 5kw element on 240v and it holds a similar volume of water, it reaches boiling 212f within 30 minutes on just a single element so i believe 2x  4.5kw would be overkill, in fact the second one will actually only serve as a “power boil” function that will get toggled off at 212f and only the “primary heater” will stay on and be adjusted by the PID

Edited by 7Suns (07/20/26 08:10 AM)

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29628526 -





I prefabricated the main plug whip today from 6/4 SEOOW plug wire, a 50A EV plug head, and a strain relief to mate into the controller panel


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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29629168 -

Looking really nice. I used to build food carts and that's almost an identical cord to what we were making. You weren't joking about being an electrician, is that your personal stock of wires?

I guess you're right 40 psi of water really doesn't seem very frightening considering home plumbing is higher. After those tests I think you can have peace of mind for quite a long time. The one thing that stresses me out when autoclaving is forgetting about the thing entirely. I think I've cooked grains for 8+ hours three separate times. Does your design include a timer? That was the best upgrade for my small cooker.

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: deadmandave]
    #29629322 -

Yes that’s personal inventory, I’ve accumulated a lot of overstock wire and equipment over the years lmao :lol:


That’s actually what I’m currently working on now, all the safety controls I’m adding in, for example I just bought a water level sensor that will sound an annunciator alarm if it drops below safe levels, and I am adding an electrical over pressure cut-off sensor that will kill the electrical system completely if it reaches 20 psi so that way there’s mechanical over pressure relief as well as electrical rapid shutdown, and I will add in a timer function ….. at this point i might as well drop in a micro-PLC and program the modbus to integrate everything but I’m not as familiar with control work, it’s been years since I’ve played with DDC (direct digital controls)

Also i finally sat down and made a spreadsheet of the materials and cost for this project, im just at $2,000 in total but i imagine i have another $250-$500 to finalize it so overall not bad, still cheaper then buying one and i have a much larger capacity


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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: catoblepa]
    #29629532 -

catoblepa said:
I fucking love this project!!! And the outcome too! It's a beautiful, beefy autoclave. The only thing I would do differently is using a digital manometer to automate the cycle: boiling water at 15 psi is automatically at 121 C, so no need for another threaded insert and the thermocouple. I would then connect a microcontroller to the manometer to read the pressure and drive the heaters and the release valve for the whole cycle.




Not to be the bad guy here but manometers and microcontrollers are far more expensive and more complicated to setup vs a PID and thermocouple or even a bimetal mechanical cut-out switch, I’ve been racking my brain trying to find a cost effective option after you mentioned it and I’m afraid there just isn’t one, I’m not willing to dump unnecessary money into redundancy if I can just use a cheaper simpler option that offers the same level of efficiency

My biggest concern with using a thermocouple though is that there will be a lag between true pressure and applied heat after reaching equilibrium in the thermowell

For that reason and financial considerations i think a mechanical pressuretrol would be the best option


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Edited by 7Suns (07/21/26 10:09 PM)

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29631202 -

Here’s some of the safety features I’m working on now
I’m using the safgard hydrolevel 170sv to cut power to a master contactor relay that controls my entire safety circuit so if it sense low water it shuts down the elements to prevent dry burning







Next I included a pressuretroller with a pigtail siphon the pigtail siphon is to protect the diaphragm from live steam, and the pressuretroller is also wired inline with that master safety contactor relay so if it detects over pressure around 18 psi it will kill power to the contactor and in turn that drops the elements so they stop heating







After doing more research i decided to go the extra mile here and i bought a steam boiler rated relief valve that’s actually rated to dump steam 60x faster then both elements can generate at full blast (not exactly intentional but because it was cheaper then getting one that matches the flow rate so I got the overkill one lmao) it’s still set to pop at 20 psi, so you can’t go wrong (i found out my current pressure reliefs are not steam rated and will quickly degrade the silicone diaphragm so that’s what incentivized the upgrade




And finally i decided to add in a “vacuum breaker” valve with a 99.97 @ 0.1um filter so i can leave it to cool overnight without having to worry about it pulling a vacuum or risk introducing contamination as it cools, it will open the moment it goes from positive pressure to negative pressure and that will pull hepa filtered air into the autoclave





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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29631585 -

Very nice. Lots of safety features. Honestly it's so robust I would feel safe with the minimum safeties.

Curious how the low water pressure sensor will connect. Does it require a hole near the water level?

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: deadmandave]
    #29631715 -

deadmandave said:
Very nice. Lots of safety features. Honestly it's so robust I would feel safe with the minimum safeties.

Curious how the low water pressure sensor will connect. Does it require a hole near the water level?





I appreciate your vote of confidence lmao but as a master tradesman I know over engineering is worth the effort

I’m glad you asked, i actually had to do a little work around to make this work, At least on paper, the results will determine if I got it right or not lmao

So it’s essentially a continuity prob, it has a ceramic insulated anode in the center and a grounded metal screw shell (think of a screw in light bulb) only the top of the probe is exposed metal so when it makes contact with water it completes the circuit through the metal body of the tank,

The real issue though is that the 170sv model I bought has 0 tolerance threshold so it will drop the contactor if there’s any rapid boiling from the elements, the solution is to create a “still well” or “diving bell” apparatus, granted they make a more expensive model that that has a 15 second delay just for this reason I was already locked in and bought this before doing the research on it, so simple solution that I’m hoping will work is to use a 90° elbow facing downward that the probe threads into so the water level comes up into the bell end but is unaffected by the boiling turbulence of the water, additionally I will have to drill a hole in the top of the bell to prevent vapor lock which would give me a false low water signal, the diving bell 90° elbow is a female to male threaded stainless steel fitting that will then thread through the tank wall into a stainless steel 3/4 coupling that I will have welded in 3 inches above the element level but in between them under my control panel so it is away from direct heat and then my probe will thread into the external wall through that same 3/4 coupling and the tip of the probe will sit in the bell, I’ll assemble it dry for you as a mock up in a minute since it actually just arrived



*************EDIT************

Here’s those pics for you











the cool thing is that I can extend a wire from the control harness and mount the sensor on the side wall or I can keep it together and mount the whole black box with the probe on the side, for aesthetics sake though I will like run a probe wire and mount the black box control relay up at or inside the main controller panel to keep all electrical components together


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Edited by 7Suns (07/24/26 05:46 PM)

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29635662 -

Wow that's impressive. This machine is a serious piece of technology. Hopefully the elbow works to keep the sensor fully submerged in boiling water.

What do you think about welding the nuts onto the flange so you only have bolts to take on and off rather than both pieces?

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: deadmandave]
    #29636080 -


@DeadmanDave

I was originally considering welding the studs in place but don’t want to mar up my threads when I drop the lid down, but now that you mentioned it, welding the nuts in place under the flange would make sense because they wouldn’t impede the closing of the lid like misaligned studs would, and then that’s one less thing to worry about losing so yea i think i will do that if my welder doesn’t charge me too much to add that lmao :lol:  ….. he gave me my own welding machine and taught me how to use it but i still don’t :shrug:





This is the electronic over pressure controller and siphon pigtail set up I put together and T’d off for the analog gauge

This controller will open the contactor relay for my Safety circuit and it will kill the elements and sound an alarm and indicator light








This is my vacuum breaker setup with a small round 99.97 @ 0.1um
Idk that the ball valve is needed but i added it just incase it leaks steam during start up but this should automatically break the vacuum as it cools down and depressurizes, I also bought a combination gauge so I can read positive and negative pressure on the tank





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Edited by 7Suns (07/30/26 06:32 PM)

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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29638911 -

I got most of the electrical work done in the controller panel



Got all of the new safety features installed and fitting bungs welded in place so i could just thread straight in and change them in the future






Installed the 50A plug cord




The thin read wire goes to my new Low water cut off switch but I’m honestly thinking about changing it to armored metal clad cable to add a layer of protection and aesthetics



I wired up the heating element terminals and grounded the chassis



I also took deadman Dave’s advice and tack welded the nuts in place








Here’s my remaining punch list until I fire this thing up

Tank build

Open lid and notch hinges at flange so it doesn’t pinch and add diving bell to LWCO

Add cable guide on left hinge for thermostat and over pressure sensor cables

Change single conductor for LWCO to MC cable

Need to replace water heater element screw on left element and the seal with liquid tape

Need to wire and install over pressure sensor and pigtail on lid

Need to build filter assembly and install on lid

Need to buy and add thermal well fluid

Might need to replace drain valve due too heat from welding

Need to finish attaching flex

Need insulation and heat shields for tires and control panel

Need to find and finish contactor relay circuits

Buy and build disconnect and female plug assembly

Fix the power to block house

Weld catch plates and trivet inside tank

Buy stainless steel sheet metal to fabricate a drop in basket system
(Create best design possible with ai)


Sand and paint


Final hydrostatic pressure test


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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29641216 -






Got some critical components installed, I was able to connect a pressure cuff to the over pressure switch and calibrate it to open the “normally closed circuit” when it reaches 18Psi and to close or energize the “normally open” circuit for an indicator light and alarm signal

I was also able to get the armor clad cable and thermocouple wire cleanly installed and wire management running down the flange and out of the way allowing for clearance when opening and closing the lid


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Re: Building a 650 Liter autoclave [Re: 7Suns]
    #29641231 -

Damn I didn't think about the lid opening with all that stuff on it. How does it feel? Any chance of accidently smashing something?

The over pressure safety is great. Wonder if there's a way to have it send you a message.

Idk how you feel about it but I often leave my autoclave alone for a while after it's going.

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