What is the difference of Flammulina velutipes Gold Enoki and White Enoki?
How are they consumed if they contain Flammutoxin?
according to wikipedia
"Health properties
Enokitake mushrooms contain antioxidants,[6][7] like ergothioneine.[7] Animal testing has indicated possible applications in the development of vaccines and cancer immunotherapy.[8]
Research at the National University of Singapore, first published in 2005, stated that the stalk of the golden needle mushroom contains a large quantity of a protein, named "Five"/"FIP-fve" by the researchers, that helps in the regulation of the immune system. The mushroom also contains flammutoxin, a cytolytic and cardiotoxic protein[9][10] that has proven to be non-toxic when absorbed orally.[11]"
when they say absorbed orally, do they mean through the lining of the mouth? in that case what is the percentage of absorbtion of the Flammutoxin protein by holding chewed mushroom in the mouth? one couldn't swallow it if it still was containing toxin and that would waste the "five" protien and the other good stuff/ what i mean is how do people eat this and not have health problems? it seems great and then the Flammutoxin seems to be the monkey wrench. i wonder about them as a major staple in my diet and want to avoid cytolytic or cardiotoxic effects.
(Bao HN, Ushio H, Ohshima T (March 2009). "Antioxidative activities of mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) extract added to bigeye tuna meat: dose-dependent efficacy and comparison with other biological antioxidants". Journal of Food Science 74 (2): C162–9. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01069.x. PMID 19323731. Bao HN, Ushio H, Ohshima T (November 2008). "Antioxidative activity and antidiscoloration efficacy of ergothioneine in mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) extract added to beef and fish meats". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56 (21): 10032–40. doi:10.1021/jf8017063. PMID 18841979. "New look at two wonder mushrooms". National University of Singapore. 2001–2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012. Tomita T, Ishikawa D, Noguchi T, Katayama E, Hashimoto Y (July 1998). "Assembly of flammutoxin, a cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, into a pore-forming ring-shaped oligomer on the target cell". The Biochemical Journal 333 (1): 129–37. PMC 1219565. PMID 9639572. Lin, JY; Wu, HL; Shi, GY (November 1975). "Toxicity of the cardiotoxic protein flammutoxin, isolate from edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes". Toxicon 13 (5): 323–31. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(75)90191-9. PMID 54950.
Tomita, Toshio; Dai Ishikawa; Takayasu Noguchi; Eisaku Katayama; Yohichi Hashimoto (8 April 1998). "Assembly of flammutoxin, a cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, into a pore-forming ring-shaped oligomer on the target cell". Biochemical Journal (333): 129–137.
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