Home | Community | Message Board


This site includes paid links. Please support our sponsors.


Welcome to the Shroomery Message Board! You are experiencing a small sample of what the site has to offer. Please login or register to post messages and view our exclusive members-only content. You'll gain access to additional forums, file attachments, board customizations, encrypted private messages, and much more!

Shop: Mushroom-Hut Liquid Cultures   Unfolding Nature Unfolding Nature: Being in the Implicate Order   Myyco.com Golden Teacher Liquid Culture For Sale   North Spore Injection Grain Bag   MagicBag.co Certified Organic All-In-One Grow Bags by Magic Bag   Sporeworks.EU Spores for European Microscopy

Jump to first unread post Pages: 1 | 2 |  [ show all ]
Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... * 1
    #29299365 -

Some thoughts....given the longevity and life extension research that has been mention on here.  They were using doses far higher than most people can take... like 5-15mg/kg.  This is far more than I could ever even think of taking. 1mg/kg for my 75kg self would be too much.  The only way I could take such doses would be to try to build a tolerance which would require taking a whole lot, very often.  Not ready to try something like that at this point.  I have to be able to go to work.

I have been taking 400mg of ochras 3 times a week most of the time in the morning as a preworkout.  Does not build tolerance for me and I still can trip balls on the weekend if I want to.  I trip maybe a couple times a month on average. 

Was thinking about trying to take more mushrooms...not for the psychic effects but for health, healing and longevity.  I don't know why I've got it in my head that these things are somehow the secret to health and long life. 

Not talking about McKenna taking 5g 3 times a year and smoking as much pot as possible. 


Was thinking about starting just taking 400mg ochras every day and see how this goes. Still tripping occasionally. 

Have read mixed reports of people trying different stuff in past.  Has anyone experimented with extended daily use of mini doses? 

Main concerns...I don't want to totally lose the mental effects, because I like them.  Don't want to weird out my brain chemistry too much. Thinking about giving it a go since seems like people are very hesitant to embark on an experiment of this nature.  That may be for good reason, but maybe it will be a good thing....

Thoughts?


--------------------
I may not have stayed at a Holiday Inn Express, but I have taken 20 grams of fresh subtropicalis :smile:

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead] * 1
    #29299505 -

I read the  the article in Nature, then found a review article looking at human and rodent dosing.

Both note that mouse doses are remarkably high to reach target blood levels.

I wouldn’t attempt to guess what if any dose will improve longevity in humans. A lot of rodent research never leads to anything clinically useful for humans.

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead]
    #29299562 -

You can't translate doses in mice directly to doses in people. If you're looking purely for health benefits, try microdosing.

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead] * 2
    #29299689 -

From the study:

"Using the standard allometric scaling method, a human dose of 25 mg of psilocybin translates to a mouse dose of 5.14 mg/kg; this informed our starting point for dosing. However, mice exhibit a significantly faster metabolic profile for psilocybin compared to humans, leading to a shorter half-life and more rapid systemic clearance of psilocin; the elimination half-life of psilocin is ~0.9 h in mice vs 1.8–3 h in humans. Due to this rapid clearance in mice, a higher dose of 15 mg/kg was selected to ensure sufficient systemic exposure comparable to those observed in human clinical trials.

It is also important to note that toxicology studies indicate that psilocybin is well tolerated in mice up to doses of 180–250 mg/kg, which is well above the dose utilized in this study."


--------------------
O son of Kunti, I am the taste of water, the light of the sun and the moon, the syllable om in the Vedic mantras; I am the sound in ether and ability in man.

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: yoosername] * 1
    #29301605 -

Day 2 - 400mg dried ochra.  Jittery, increased energy.  The usual pupil dilation and thus more blurry up close vision.  No detectable tolerance. 

Really did not want to take them this morning.  Felt fine and didn't think I needed anything but I'm gonna try to stick it out and take them every day for at least a week and see how it goes.


--------------------
I may not have stayed at a Holiday Inn Express, but I have taken 20 grams of fresh subtropicalis :smile:

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead] * 1
    #29302640 -

Day 3 - 400mg dried ochra.

Persistent, consistent effects.  Maybe a little less jittery, but I've only had 1 cup of coffee.  Didn't have mental resistance to taking it this morning.  Really does help make the day nice.  Got a lot done yesterday.

Hopefully, I can still try to trip wednesday night and see how this experiment effects tolerance or the quality of the trip.


--------------------
I may not have stayed at a Holiday Inn Express, but I have taken 20 grams of fresh subtropicalis :smile:

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead]
    #29304127 -

I would argue that psilocybin might not "extend" life but regular use could have positive benefits on mental health later in life. Perhaps it can prevent Dementia in Elders? Its an interesting thought to have.

But I would argue that using Shrooms on a semi-regular basis likely has long-term mental health benefits if the dosages and usage is done in a positive, constructive, useful way.

If anything, it can used a great mood stabilizer.

Research article on Psilocybin as a mental health treatment: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11557947/


--------------------
"A single lifetime in this density can accomplish a refinement of Will that might take far longer in a realm where the truth is always visible" - Zii, Confederation of Planets, GFL Station.

"You will then have national and global contact around 2026." - Pleiadian Prophecy 2020

PROJECT BLUE BOOK ANALYSIS (PDF Download) - 312 pages! | Psychedelics & UFOs | Ready to Contact UFOs? | The Source on Mushrooms:shroomeryhead:Canned Computer Duster SAB Tek 👨‍🔬 | Trippy Gematrix | Dj TeknoLogical | Fentanyl Test Kits | R.I.P. Big Worm :tombstone: || The Start of the Ascension Process was 2020. 🌎🌍🌏                                                         
:sunny::bliss::mushroom2: Oregon Eclipse Festival 2017 :: Aug 19th - 21st :: Pure Paradise :mushroom2::bliss::sunny: :rainbowdrink: Very Effective LSA Extraction Tek :rainbowdrink: | 💧 Advanced Cold Water LSA Extraction Method 💧 | :cacti::bongload: Mescajuana - Mescaline with Marijuana | DMT Dab Bongs | UFO Technology! :shpongle:Shpongle:shpongle:   

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: LogicaL Chaos] * 1
    #29305027 -

Day 5 - 400mg dried ochra.  No discernible tolerance.  Still great afterglow this afternoon.  Gonna stick with it a few more days and then hopefully take a little trip friday night.  Maybe 2g ochra or 500-750mg of TTBVI. 

Will probably lay off over the weekend and then go back to 3 times a week before lifting weights. 

I'm kind of surprised that I am not developing tolerance taking them 5 days straight,  maybe I am and just can't detect it.  Will see how it goes, but so far so good.

Haven't had any weirdness....some people talk about continued use causing everything to get weird.  None of that yet. Will keep you posted.

I took 400mg on day 4 as well, but didn't get around to posting yesterday


--------------------
I may not have stayed at a Holiday Inn Express, but I have taken 20 grams of fresh subtropicalis :smile:

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead] * 5
    #29305070 -

Another thing to note: All amounts listed in the study are for psilocybin, not mushrooms. The standard potency of various mushrooms is 0.5% to 2% with a few species reaching around 4%. But lets just call it 1% for average cubes and ochras. So that means that your 400mg dried ochra dose is equivalent to 4mg of psilocybin. So, at 1% potency, you would need take 7.50 grams of dried mushrooms (once monthly) to equal the testing dose that the mice were given in this study using the conversion mentioned in yoosername's quote.

I am not by any means recommending this in any way, shape, or form. I just wanted to put the information out there for clarity.

tldr: mushroom dose does not equal psilocybin dose

Edit: to add that the study dose was given to the mice once monthly for 10 months. So it would be more like taking a very large dose monthly rather than any micro-dosing regime. Again, not a suggestion, just information.
Here is the study that I am referring to in case it is different from what inspired the OP.


--------------------
Stoned Gummys | BRF Pucks | Primo Reusable Plates | Easy LI 4 Preserv & Propo
"Psychedelics are powerful substances. Nothing that powerful is completely safe... and nothing completely safe is that powerful!" - Abigail Calder at ALPS 2023
Don't Panic

Edited by ReverendMyc (08/05/25 07:00 PM)

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead] * 2
    #29306861 -

Fam, microdosing 100mg everyday is likely to cause vascular heart disease.

You're taking four times that amount.

Take breaks, even with micros.  Like four on, three of.  Or every other day.

Spreading a 5g dose out over a whole month is actually worse for your heart than taking 5g twice a month.

And anything you do that reduces stress is going to improve your life span on average.  But there's no secret to immortality, you can be the healthiest person in the world and still get hit by a car tomorrow.


--------------------
And if I only could
I'd make a deal with God
And I'd get him to swap our places
I'd be running up that road
Be running up that hill
With no problems

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: tree frog] * 1
    #29306968 -

.

Edited by dinjo (10/09/25 11:15 PM)

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: dinjo] * 2
    #29307032 -

I went into it in a different thread on here about microdosing probably a year ago, someone was asking if there were risks associated with doing it daily. 
But the first I heard about it was in a video someone, maybe Rev in fact, posted about risk factors for psychedelics.  It was a researcher who stated that microdosing should have breaks.  As chronic stimulation of a receptor in the heart that psychedelics bind to is associated with vascular heart disease.

Essentially, if this receptor doesn't get time to rest, it just keeps doing its thing and that causes heart problems.

Anyway, this was my response about the risks.  And this is for a typical microdose.  Hardhead is taking about four times what is typical.

tree frog said:
There are risks of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy associated with microdosing daily.  Four on and three off is likely safer.  But if you're taking another medication that targets this receptor, or have a heart condition already, the risks would be higher.

And LSD, with its longer half-life and greater binding efficacy, would pose an even larger risk than psilocybin/psilocin.

Quote:
Sustained overstimulation of 5-HT2BR can cause cardiac fibroblasts to proliferate and become deposited in abnormal quantities, causing cardiac valves to thicken and function abnormally, which can ultimately manifest as valve fibrosis and VHD...

...  Thus, it appears that a microdose of LSD may indeed be large enough to raise the risk of VHD. Similarly, a small dose of 3 mg psilocybin raises plasma concentrations of psilocin to 2.3 ng/mL, comparable to the levels seen after the pro-fibrotic drug pergolide, which has a somewhat weaker affinity (Table 1). This suggests that the typical doses used in microdosing could potentially be enough to trigger fibrosis or VHD in a similar manner to other drugs.







https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/02698811231225609




--------------------
And if I only could
I'd make a deal with God
And I'd get him to swap our places
I'd be running up that road
Be running up that hill
With no problems

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: tree frog]
    #29307274 -

Information noted.  Thank you all for sharing. 

Just an update. 

7 days straight at 400mg. Absolutely no discernible tolerance.  Today actually felt the most intense.  So far as psychic effects, I think they could be taken indefinitely.

On the risk side.  Absolutely this is important.  Overstimulation of serotonin receptors of the heart can cause valvular heart disease.

Confirmed Cases & Observational Findings
• Fenfluramine (and its metabolite norfenfluramine): A well-conducted study of 5,743 former users found a 7-fold increase in likelihood of requiring heart valve surgery—20% of women and 12% of men were affected  .
• MDMA (“Ecstasy”): In one study of 33 users consuming ~3.6 tablets per week over 6 months, 28% showed echocardiographic abnormalities consistent with early valvular changes—none of which were seen in matched controls  .
• Key difference: These agents (fenfluramine, MDMA) have more direct evidence—unlike LSD or psilocybin, where direct cases are not reported.

So this is not something that happens quickly, BUT with prolonged regular use it could.  It will be interesting to see what happens over time.  I've only done this daily thing for a week and certainly don't want to FAFO the hard way that this can mess your heart valves up.  Gonna continue through tomorrow and see how this use for a week affects a trip this weekend then will take a break.

I have been taking 400mg ochras before working out off and on for months.  Think I will go get an echocardiogram at some point just to make sure nothing is going on.  These changes can be detected in an early stage before anything bad happens.  Of course, if there was ANY echocardiographic evidence of any changes, I would immediately stop taking them on a regular basis at all and probably quit even tripping occasionally.

It is encouraging however that there are NO confirmed cases of this problem with psychedlic use but is a theoretical concern.


--------------------
I may not have stayed at a Holiday Inn Express, but I have taken 20 grams of fresh subtropicalis :smile:

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead]
    #29307285 -

Just another bit of information from Chat GPT....

Psilocin is a  weak or partial agonists of 5ht2b with moderate affinity for the receptor.  LSD is much higher. MDMA is a full agonist because it causes massive serotonin release. 

Given this information, the theoretical risk is much lower, but certainly non neglible.  I'll post up on here when I get that echocardiogram done.  This really is THE only concern I can find with using mushrooms.

The ancient cultures used these things to heal literally EVERYTHING.  Obviously, they do not confer immortality....but those damn fibroblasts lived a lot longer as did the mice or rats or whatever in that study.


--------------------
I may not have stayed at a Holiday Inn Express, but I have taken 20 grams of fresh subtropicalis :smile:

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead] * 3
    #29307586 -

I'm glad you're taking the risks seriously.

I do know a thing or two about pharmacology, being you know a drug nerd my whole life but also having taken some courses at the undergraduate level on it.

It is very likely that LSD and psilocybin will do this. It's an absence of evidence isn't evidence of absence situation.

Microdosing just hasn't been prescribed long-term for people, so there hasn't been a lot of tracking of how this actually affects the heart.

But unless there is a protective mechanism* in these drugs, it absolutely will cause damage when taken long term. It's not a hypothetical.

*They do bind to this receptor, but it's possible they also bind to another receptor that modulates the heart affects. However, studying this directly in clinical trials by giving folks daily microdoses, would be unethical.  Because it's very likely to cause heart damage.  It's also possible that a different drug could mitigate the effects.  And that at some point in the future the pharmaceutical industry will produce a dual drug microdosw pill, that can be taken daily.

Edit:  and this is more for the peanut gallery or anyone else that reads this post in the future. It sounds like you are taking the risks seriously and I'm glad that you are :smile:


--------------------
And if I only could
I'd make a deal with God
And I'd get him to swap our places
I'd be running up that road
Be running up that hill
With no problems

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: tree frog] * 2
    #29307779 -

tree frog said:
...
But the first I heard about it was in a video someone, maybe Rev in fact, posted about risk factors for psychedelics.  It was a researcher who stated that microdosing should have breaks.  As chronic stimulation of a receptor in the heart that psychedelics bind to is associated with vascular heart disease.
...



Possibly referring to the ALPS link in my sig.

I agree with what Tree Frog is saying. What limited information that we have does indicate that sustained use of psyches could lead to elevated risk for heart valve problems. The lack of evidence is more due to lack of directed studies with this class of drug. So until there are studies that indicate otherwise, I would just proceed with caution.

The studies that do show increased heart valve risk are all from long term continuous stimulation of those receptors. So as much as I want to support micro-dosing, all the evidence that I have seen indicates that infrequent larger doses in a controlled environment are far more effective (and potentially safer) than frequent tiny doses.

As to ancient peoples using psychs to cure all forms of maladies, that belief is running up against a lot of conflicting evidence in more recent and credible research. The healing practices appear to be far less wide spread until much more recent times than previously indicated. I am keeping an open mind, but also trying not to get mired in the hype.

I believe in the healing potential for Default Mode Network brain related illness. And I am extremely interested in the longevity research and where it will lead. It is a very exciting time to be a citizen scientist. Just try to be safe out there while exploring.


--------------------
Stoned Gummys | BRF Pucks | Primo Reusable Plates | Easy LI 4 Preserv & Propo
"Psychedelics are powerful substances. Nothing that powerful is completely safe... and nothing completely safe is that powerful!" - Abigail Calder at ALPS 2023
Don't Panic

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: ReverendMyc] * 3
    #29307896 -

Meditation masters routinely live into their 80s.  Even in historical times, when medicine was much less advanced.  It's not magic, mindfulness promotes longevity.  And mushrooms quiet the default mode network, allowing the mind to rest more easily in the present.

Some cultures that used mushrooms were also tyrants.  The Aztecs for example.  And being a tyrant is stressful, reducing longevity.  As observed in models of other primates.

I guess my point is, mushrooms aren't a cure all for stress.  They can help quiet the mind, but they can also stir us up or cause extra biological stress when we're not mindful of them.  And there's other ways to go about finding restful awareness.


--------------------
And if I only could
I'd make a deal with God
And I'd get him to swap our places
I'd be running up that road
Be running up that hill
With no problems

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: tree frog] * 1
    #29308294 -

Thanks for the input.....

Having to end this experiment anyway.  Yesterday was I think day 8 of continuous use of 400mg of ochra.  Still kicked in and really can't say I noticed tolerance, but yesterday was weird.  Instead of the normal nice afterglow and warm vibes, I was kind of pissed off and judgmental all day.  Did not take it again this morning and really had to make myself take it in the name of experimentation.

I'm not convinced that regular use of psilocybin WILL lead to heart valvular damage.  The substances that have definitely been shown to cause changes, fenfluramine, cabergoline, pergolide have high affinity and are full agonists at the receptor.  They also have a long half-life (some up to 72h) and the activity at therapeutic concentrations is high.  So receptor is wide open all the time in these conditions and still only a percentage of people develop problems.

Psilocin does not appear to be as stimulating for the receptor.  It does bind with high affinity, but is only a partial agonist (30-70% activity; depending on your source).  So it is never going to turn the receptor all the way on like serotonin or the above drugs do.  Plus is has a short half life (3hrs ish) so it won't be around all the time. Also, the receptors are never fully "off" anyway.  There is circulation endogenous serotonin that acts on these receptors anyway.

Not to discount the risk......having said all that...this little experiment is over..leaving me feeling a little weirded out.  Not going to trip this weekend.  Will take a break for a week or so...not because of the risk of heart valve damage... I think you would have to take a lot for a long time to cause this problem.  Still much caution advised because this would be catastrophic and irreversible requiring a valve replacement unless you did detect it early with echocardiogram.

Stopping due to the daily use really giving me an aversion to taking it and leaving me a little bit weirded out. Was really all pretty good up to the last day, but enough is enough.  I can see why this stuff is not habit forming or addictive.  It does not like to be taken continously like this.  Like somebody said, "Good things will let you know when you've had enough." 

I do like what someone posted above about intermittent high doses being beneficial.  That does seem to be the tendency for these substance to be used.  Will see how the next week goes.

Thank you all for the kind words of caution and concern.  This whole community is part of an experiment in a way.  Lots of interesting stuff going on here.  We need to keep it safe and beneficial for all.


--------------------
I may not have stayed at a Holiday Inn Express, but I have taken 20 grams of fresh subtropicalis :smile:

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: Hardhead]
    #29308314 -

https://files.shroomery.org/files/24-47/246006914-VHD_Microdosing.jpg

The logirithim scale on the left is the binding affinity.  The lower the scale the more tightly it binds.  Psilocin has stronger affinity than two drugs associated.  And LSD three.

And half life doesn't tell the whole story.  Which is why the study I linked previously used peak plasma levels at an effective dose, rather than half-life. Because drugs are designed to create a steady state if they're meant to be used long-term, so the drugs you mentioned for instance are taken daily, so your plasma levels stay at those points the whole time rather than building up.

When people microdose, they set out with the idea of oh I just want to keep that state all of the time.  But the receptor needs breaks, and without an understanding of what half-life means and how it works, even at a microdose you may actually be building up higher plasma concentrations, especially with like LSD.

I'll use your microdose this week as an example.

400mg of 2% potent mushrooms is 8mg daily.  The half-life of psilocybin averages around 3 hours.  After this you have 4mg in your plasma.  Six hours after dosing you're down to 2mg, which is a more typical microdose.  9 hours, 1mg.

And that's plasma concentrations.  Receptors can stay activated after a drug has cleared your plasma.

LSD is a prime example of this.  It's half life is relatively low in comparison to it's duration of action at the receptor site.

Of the two, I am more concerned about people microdosing LSD.  Because of this and it's binding efficiency.

However, when working with psilocybin, folks often don't know how much they're taking.  And 0.1g of one mushroom can easily be four times as potent as someone elses.

Plus, the effective microdose for depression in animal models would be even less than the 2mg more typically present in 0.1g of mushrooms.  As the conversion factors translate to about 0.5mg of psilocybin.

Additionally, it looks like dosing weekly for years on end can also be problematic. So even brakes might not be enough if you're doing it often.  MDMA has a lower binding affinity for this receptor, and has been linked to this disease when taken weekly for long enough.

I guess I'm glad I only took mushrooms weekly for a year.  And no it didn't cure my mental health. In fact it ended badly.

Now I take a reasonable dose of pans a couple of times a year.  Movement meditations like Qigong or yoga, just learning to be mindful. Those help me a lot more with stress than tripping once a week, enjoying the after glow for a few days, and then getting depressed again.

They're still a tool I like to have.  And I have gotten a lot of insight into myself out of them, but it's not been by chasing. It's been by learning to be compassionate and taking the space to turn inward and reflect.


--------------------
And if I only could
I'd make a deal with God
And I'd get him to swap our places
I'd be running up that road
Be running up that hill
With no problems

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Re: Using psilocybin for health and longevity..... [Re: tree frog] * 2
    #29310137 -

After years of immobilizing depression after the separate deaths of both of my adult children I went in search of mushrooms. Now even figuring out who and how for a woman to all very cultivated appearances a straight arrow was a challenge but after quietly seeking I found a local resource who gifted me with 1/2 oz of the tiniest mushroom I had ever seen.  All I know is what I did and I must suspect the GT I was gifted were on the low/mild end. I measured .05 gram for three days in a row and literally never felt anything. Didn't even crack a smile. I went up .05 gram every three days until I reached .25 grams when I finally felt like the darkness was lifting and I could breath again. I stayed at that level for about a week then decided to test how long the dose was affective. I ended up dosing every 3 days and having grown, mostly in the 70's ordering a gt and a hillbilly syringe. A shoe box of each lasts a long time at the rate I dose but I go through the same dose check from every batch so it has varied as low as .15 I have taken breaks for weeks and even months.  I was ill with a bacterial infection  recently I went through 3 days of back to back testing and I still check out as a very very healthy septuagenarian.


--------------------
“We either make ourselves miserable or we make ourselves strong. The amount of work is the same”

Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Jump to top Pages: 1 | 2 |  [ show all ]

Shop: Mushroom-Hut Liquid Cultures   Unfolding Nature Unfolding Nature: Being in the Implicate Order   Myyco.com Golden Teacher Liquid Culture For Sale   North Spore Injection Grain Bag   MagicBag.co Certified Organic All-In-One Grow Bags by Magic Bag   Sporeworks.EU Spores for European Microscopy


Similar ThreadsPosterViewsRepliesLast post
* Psilocybin free psilocybes
( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 all )
divineverdance 2,888 123 04/30/26 10:54 AM
by divineverdance

Extra information
You cannot start new topics / You cannot reply to topics
HTML is disabled / BBCode is enabled
Moderator: geokills, Asante, veggie, LogicaL Chaos, Northerner, Pastywhyte
913 topic views. 0 members, 0 guests and 1 web crawlers are browsing this forum.
[ Show Images Only | Sort by Score | Print Topic ]
Search this thread:

Copyright 1997-2026 Mind Media. Some rights reserved.

Generated in 0.028 seconds spending 0.005 seconds on 17 queries.