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Anonymous

Know your rights Card. Have it on you!
    #846335 - 08/27/02 07:55 AM (21 years, 7 months ago)

Lana, ChromeCrow's sticky disappeared with the rest of his posts so I am making a new one.

Please make this a sticky.

These are ideas about what to do if you are approached by the police in the US. They are from Norml:

Your rights.


The following information is intended as a brief summation of your constitutional rights and is meant to offer helpful hints at how to effectively assert and protect those rights within the context of a police encounter. Of course, this information is no substitute for consultation with an experienced attorney.

The Fourth Amendment to the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution states:

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

The Fifth Amendment reads, in part, "No person shall be... compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law...." These amendments provide the foundation for the rights that protect all U.S. Citizens from intrusive law enforcement practices. If an officer violates your rights then any evidence discovered as a result of that violation must be suppressed from the evidence at trial. This is accomplished by filing a motion to suppress with the trial judge. Even if an officer obtained a warrant prior to searching, if that warrant is defective or not supported by probable cause, then the evidence must be suppressed. Often times, after the fruits of an illegal detention, interrogation or search are suppressed, the government is left with very little evidence and the charges are dismissed.

  • 1. Don't Leave Contraband in Plain View

    Although law enforcement officers must obtain a warrant before they can conduct a privacy-invading search, any illicit material that can be plainly seen by any person from a non-intrusive vantage point is subject to confiscation. An arrest and a valid warrant to search the rest of the area is likely to ensue. A "roach" in the ashtray, a pipe or baggie on the coffee table, or a joint being smoked in public are common mistakes which all too-frequently lead to arrests.

  • 2. Never Consent

    Many individuals arrested on marijuana charges could have avoided that arrest by exercising their Fourth Amendment rights. If a law enforcement officer asks for your permission to search, it is usually because: (1) there is not enough evidence to obtain a search warrant; or (2) the officer does not feel like going through the hassle of obtaining a warrant. Law enforcement officers are trained to intimidate people into consenting to searches. If you do consent, you waive your constitutional protection and the officers may search and seize items without further authorization. If officers find contraband, they will arrest you.

    If you do not consent to a search, the officer must either release you or detain you and attempt to get a warrant. The fact that you refuse to consent does not give the officer grounds to obtain a warrant or further detain you.

    An officer can obtain a search warrant only from a judge or magistrate and only upon a showing of "probable cause." Probable cause requires an officer to articulate information that would cause a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been or is being committed and that evidence of that involvement can be found within the object of the search.

    There are exceptions to the search warrant requirement which permit an officer to search an area without a warrant or consent under certain circumstances. The important thing for you to remember is never to consent to a search or talk with an officer if you want to preserve your rights.

    If an officer asks to search you or an area belonging to you or over which you are authorized to control, you should respond:

    "I do not consent to a search of my [person, baggage, purse, luggage, vehicle, house, blood, etc.] I do not consent to this contact and do not want to answer any questions. If I am not under arrest, I would like to go now (or be left alone)."



  • 3. Don't Answer Questions Without Your Attorney Present

    Whether arrested or not, you should always exercise the right to remain silent. Anything you say to law enforcement officers, reporters, cell mates, or even your friends can be used as evidence against you. You have the right to have an attorney present during questioning. Your right to remain silent should always be exercised.

  • 4. Determining if You Can Leave

    You may terminate an encounter with officers unless you are being detained under police custody or have been arrested. If you cannot tell whether you may leave, you can ask officers, "Am I under arrest or otherwise detained?" If the answer is, "No," you may leave.

    An officer can temporarily detain you without arresting you if he has "reasonable suspicion" that you are involved in criminal activity. An officer must be able at a later time to articulate to a judge objective facts that would have caused a reasonable person to suspect that you were involved in criminal activity at the point that you were detained. Also, the officer may perform a "pat down" or "frisk" on you during the detention if he has reasonable suspicion that you are armed. However, an officer may only reach into your pockets if he pats something that feels like a weapon.

    When an officer attempts to contact or question you, you should politely say:

    "I do not consent to this contact and I do not want to answer any questions. If I am not under arrest I would like to go now (or be left alone)."

    If arrested, you should again refuse a search of any kind and refuse to answer any questions. At this point you should insist on speaking to an attorney as soon as possible.



  • 5. Do Not Be Hostile; Do Not Physically Resist

    There are times when individuals politely assert their rights and refuse to consent to a search but the officers nonetheless proceed to detain, search, or arrest them. In such cases, it is important not to physically resist. Rather, you should reassert your rights as outlined above in section 2.


  • 6. Informing on Others

    The police and prosecutors often try to pressure individuals into providing information that would lead to the arrest and conviction of others. Threats and promises by police and prosecutors should be viewed with caution and skepticism. Decisions should only be made after consulting with an experienced criminal defense attorney and examining one's own conscience.



Finally, consider downloading and carrying Norml's Freedom Card -- a quick reference guide to your rights and obligations when you are stopped by the police.

Here is what the card says:

I hereby invoke and refuse to waive all of the following rights and privileges afforded to me by the U.S. Constitution:

  • I invoke and refuse to waive my Fifth Amendment right to remain silent.

  • I invoke and refuse to waive my Sixth Amendment right to an attorney of my choice. Do not ask me any questions without my attorney present.

  • I invoke and refuse to waive all privileges and rights pursuant to the case Miranda v. Arizona. Do not ask me any questions or make any comment to me about this decision.

  • I invoke and refuse to waive my Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. I do not consent to any search or seizure of myself, my home, or any property in my possession. Do not ask me about my ownership in any property. I do not consent to this contact with you. If I am not presently under arrest or under investigatory detention, please allow me to leave.

  • Any statement I make, or alleged consent I give, in response to your questions is hereby under protest and under duress and in submission to your claim of lawful authority to force me to provide you with information.



Cheers,

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OfflineMacey Howard
Formally MOE HOWARD
Female

Registered: 07/02/99
Posts: 14,165
Loc: Georgia
Last seen: 7 years, 6 months
Post deleted by Moe Howard [Re: ]
    #848140 - 08/27/02 09:30 PM (21 years, 7 months ago)



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Hugs and Kisses!

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OfflineDobie
Dopeless Hopefiend
Male User Gallery
Registered: 08/15/02
Posts: 52,841
Loc: ON DA BLOCK
Last seen: 7 months, 28 days
Re: Know your rights Card. Have it on you! [Re: Macey Howard]
    #857214 - 09/01/02 02:31 PM (21 years, 6 months ago)

that bullshit huh moe i dont wanna be racist or anyting but most the black guys around here are up too know good


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This place is gayer than when the balls touch

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OfflineCryptic
WarpedCndn

Registered: 10/09/02
Posts: 598
Loc: Canada
Last seen: 17 years, 3 months
Re: Know your rights Card. Have it on you! [Re: Dobie]
    #975798 - 10/19/02 10:50 PM (21 years, 5 months ago)

Yea Pigz are Racist... All of em, if your not white, they will Search ya without dutiful cause


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While the Trees Grow out of your Skin, Can i plant you so a forest will grow?
"When you want it, it goes away to Fast. Times you hate it always seem to last" - Marilyn Manson

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Anonymous

Re: Know your rights Card. Have it on you! [Re: Cryptic]
    #975814 - 10/19/02 10:59 PM (21 years, 5 months ago)

Doesn't just have to do with color, it has to do with your overall appearance.

One night, I was driving home from Greely (about a two hour drive from where I live) when I was pulled over. I was drunk, speeding, and weaving. The cop asked me if I had been drinking and I said that I had not. He wrote me a 6 point ticket which would be reduced to 0 points if I mailed it in within 10 days.

On the same night, a friend of mine got a 6 point ticked for speeding, and had to go back up to Greely a month later for court. Same offense, different results.

I drive a white Silverado with veteran plates and an NRA bumper sticker, sublty placed in the lower right corner of my rear window. I was dress in a white shirt and blue jeans.

My friend drives a black Probe with punk band sticks on the back. He was wearing a Thrice shirt and black jeans.

Granted, neither of us were searched, but this just gives you some idea of things cops look at when deciding what to do with you.

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