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OfflineVisionsToReality
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Registered: 09/22/07
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Negative physiological affects of marijuana - peer reviewed scientific study abstracts
    #7615360 - 11/09/07 01:43 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Sometimes you have to play devil's advocate if you'd like to be fully informed.  Here are some abstracts on various topics that have been peer reviewed and accepted by the scientific community as valid, or closest to valid at this time.  Enjoy. 



1.  MJ affects pregnancy and reproductive systems
Author/Editor/Inventor Taylor, A. H. [Author]; Ang, C. [Author]; Bell, S. C. [Author]; Konje, J. C. [Author, Reprint Author; E-mail: jck4@le.ac.uk].
Institution Univ Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirm, Dept Canc Studies and Mol Med, ERG Reprod Sci Sect, Robert Kilpatrick Clin Sci Bldg, Leicester LE2 7LX, Leics, UK.
Title The role of the endocannabinoid system in gametogenesis, implantation and early pregnancy
Source Human Reproduction Update. 13(5). SEP-OCT 2007. 501-513.
Abstract Maternal use of marijuana, in which the exocannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol is the most active psychoactive ingredient, is known to have adverse effects on various aspects of reproduction including ovulation, spermatogenesis, implantation and pregnancy duration. Endogenous cannabinoids of which Anandamide is the prototype are widely distributed in the body especially in the reproductive tract and pregnancy tissues and act through the same receptors as the receptor as Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. Anandamide, has been reported to have pleiotropic effects on human reproduction and in experimental animal models. It appears to be the important neuro-cytokine mediator synchronizing the embryo-endometrial development for timed implantation, the development of the embryo into the blastocyst and transport of the embryo across the fallopian tubes. The mechanisms by which it exerts these effects are unclear but could be via direct actions on the various sites within the reproductive system or its differential actions on vascular tone dependent. In this review article we bring together the current knowledge on the role of endoccanabinoids in reproduction and postulate on the potential mechanisms on how these affect reproduction. In addition, we examine its role on the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle as a potential mechanism for adverse pregnancy outcome.



2.  There is evidence MJ is related to heart issues:
Author/Editor/Inventor Aryana, Arash [Author, Reprint Author; E-mail: aaryana@partners.org]; Williams, Mark A. [Author; E-mail: mark.williams@cardiac.creighton.edu].
Institution Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiac Arrhythmia Serv, 55 Fruit St GRB 109, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
Title Marijuana as a trigger of cardiovascular events: Speculation or scientific certainty?
Source International Journal of Cardiology. 118(2). MAY 31 2007. 141-144.
Abstract Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in the United States. Cardiovascular complications in association with marijuana use have been reported during the past three decades. In view of the elevated public interest in this drug's role in pharmacotherapy in the recent years and the aging population of long-term marijuana users from the late 1960s, encounters with marijuana-related cardiovascular adversities may be silently on the rise. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of the potential of marijuana to lead to cardiovascular disease. Here, we will discuss the physiologic effects of marijuana and include a comprehensive review of the studies and case reports that provide supportive evidence for marijuana as a trigger of adverse cardiovascular events, including tachyarrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, vascular complications, and even congenital heart defects. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.



3.  MJ and lung cancer:  Connection?  Further study is needed and the connection cannot be ruled out definitively.

Author/Editor/Inventor Mehra, Reena [Author, Reprint Author; E-mail: mehrar@ameritech.net]; Moore, Brent A. [Author]; Crothers, Kristina [Author]; Tetrault, Jeanette [Author]; Fiellin, David A. [Author].
Institution Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
Title The association between marijuana smoking and lung cancer - A systematic review
Source Archives of Internal Medicine. 166(13). JUL 10 2006. 1359-1367.
Abstract Background: The association between marijuana smoking and lung cancer is unclear, and a systematic appraisal of this relationship has yet to be performed. Our objective was to assess the impact of marijuana smoking on the development of premalignant lung changes and lung cancer.Methods: Studies assessing the impact of marijuana smoking on lung premalignant findings and lung cancer were selected from MEDLINE, PSYCHLIT, and EMBASE databases according to the following predefined criteria: English-language studies of persons 18 years or older identified from 1966 to the second week of October 2005 were included if they were research studies (ie, not letters, reviews, editorials, or limited case studies), involved persons who smoked marijuana, and examined premalignant or cancerous changes in the lung.Results: Nineteen studies met selection criteria. Studies that examined lung cancer risk factors or premalignant changes in the lung found an association of marijuana smoking with increased tar exposure, alveolar macrophage tumoricidal dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and bronchial mucosal histopathologic abnormalities compared with tobacco smokers or nonsmoking controls. Observational studies of subjects with marijuana exposure failed to demonstrate significant associations between marijuana smoking and lung cancer after adjusting for tobacco use. The primary methodologic deficiencies noted include selection bias, small sample size, limited generalizability, overall young participant age precluding sufficient lag time for lung cancer outcome identification, and lack of adjustment for tobacco smoking.Conclusion: Given the prevalence of marijuana smoking and studies predominantly supporting biological plausibility of an association of marijuana smoking with lung cancer on the basis of molecular, cellular, and histopathologic findings, physicians should advise patients regarding potential adverse health outcomes until further rigorous studies are performed that permit definitive conclusions.

4.  MJ and cancer:  The link is still undetermined
Author/Editor/Inventor Hashibe, Mia [Author]; Straif, Kurt [Author]; Tashkin, Donald P. [Author]; Morgenstern, Hal [Author]; Greenland, Sander [Author]; Zhang, Zuo-Feng [Author, Reprint Author; E-mail: zfzhang@ucla.edu].
Institution Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 71-225 CHS,Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Title Epidemiologic review of marijuana use and cancer risk
Source Alcohol. 35(3, Sp. Iss. SI). APR 2005. 265-275.
Abstract Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States and is considered by young adults to be the illicit drug with the least risk. On the other hand, marijuana smoke contains several of the same carcinogens and co-carcinogens as the tar from tobacco, raising concerns that smoking of marijuana may be a risk factor for tobacco-related cancers. We reviewed two cohort studies and 14 case-control studies with assessment of the association of marijuana use and cancer risk. In the cohort studies, increased risks of lung or colorectal. cancer due to marijuana smoking were not observed, but increased risks of prostate and cervical cancers among non-tobacco smokers, as well as adult-onset glioma among tobacco and non-tobacco smokers, were observed. The 14 case-control studies included four studies on head and neck cancers, two studies on lung cancer, two studies on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one study on anal cancer, one study on penile cancer, and four studies on childhood cancers with assessment of parental exposures. Zhang and colleagues reported that marijuana use may increase risk of head and neck cancers in a hospital-based case-control study in the United States, with dose-response relations for both frequency and duration of use. However, Rosenblatt and co-workers reported no association between oral cancer and marijuana use in a population-based case-control study. An eightfold increase in risk among marijuana users was observed in a lung cancer study in Tunisia. However, there was no assessment of the dose response, and marijuana may have been mixed with tobacco. Parental marijuana use during gestation was associated with increased risks of childhood leukemia, astrocytoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, but dose-response relations were not assessed. In summary, sufficient studies are not available to adequately evaluate marijuana impact on cancer risk. Several limitations of previous studies include possible underreporting where marijuana use is illegal, small sample sizes, and too few heavy marijuana users in the study sample. Recommendations for future studies are to (1) focus on tobacco-related cancer sites; (2) obtain detailed marijuana exposure assessment, including frequency, duration, and amount of personal use as well. as mode of use (smoked in a cigarette, pipe, or bong; taken orally); (3) adjust for tobacco smoking and conduct analyses on nonusers of tobacco; and (4) conduct larger studies, metaanalyses, or pooled analyses to maximize statistical precision and investigate sources of differences in results. Despite the challenges, elucidation of the association between marijuana use and cancer risk is important in weighing the benefits and risks of medical marijuana use and to clarify the impact of marijuana use on public health. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5.  The actual THC molecule supresses the immune system

Author/Editor/Inventor Roth, Michael D. [Author, Reprint Author; E-mail: mroth@mednet.ucla.edu]; Baldwin, Gayle C. [Author]; Tashkin, Donald P. [Author].
Institution Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Title Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human immune function and host defense.
Source Chemistry & Physics of Lipids. 121(1-2). 31 December, 2002. 229-239.
Abstract This review examines evidence that DELTA9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can regulate and suppress human immune responses. Leukocytes express both cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), and levels of mRNA encoding for them are increased in peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from marijuana smokers, suggesting cannabinoid receptor activation in vivo. Exposure of human T-cells to THC suppresses their proliferation, inhibits the release of interferon-gamma, and skews the balance of T-helper cytokines towards a type 2 response. The majority of these effects are CB2 receptor-dependent. Consistent with an impact of THC on cell-mediated immunity, alveolar macrophages (AMs) recovered from the lungs of marijuana smokers are suppressed in their ability to release proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), and kill bacteria. Macrophage function is restored by treatment with interferon-gamma, a type 1 cytokine. Habitual exposure to THC appears capable of impacting on human cell-mediated immunity and host defense.


6.  Marijuana and cardiovascular events..decide for yourself
Author/Editor/Inventor Sidney, Stephen [Reprint author].
Institution Steve Sidney, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA, USA.
Title Cardiovascular consequences of marijuana use
Source Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 42(11 Supplement). November 2002 2002. 64S-70S.
Abstract This review describes what is known about effects of marijuana and cannabinoids in relation to human physiological and disease outcomes. The acute physiological effects of marijuana include a substantial dose-dependent increase in heart rate, generally associated with a mild increase in blood pressure. Orthostatic hypotension may occur acutely as a result of decreased vascular resistance. Smoking marijuana decreases exercise test duration in maximal exercise tests, increases the heart rate at submaximal levels of exercise. Tolerance develops to the acute effects of marijuana smoking and DELTA9-tetrahydrocannibol (THC) over several days to a few weeks. The cardiovascular responses that occur in response to THC are mediated by the autonomic nervous system, with recent findings also demonstrating that the human cannabinoid receptor system plays a role in regulating the cardiovascular response. Although several mechanisms exist by which marijuana use might contribute to the development of chronic cardiovascular conditions or acutely trigger cardiovascular events, there are few data regarding marijuana/THC use and cardiovascular disease outcomes. A large cohort study showed no association of marijuana use with cardiovascular disease hospitalization or mortality. However, acute effects of marijuana use include a decrease of the time until the onset of chest pain in patients with angina pectoris; one study has shown that marijuana may trigger the onset of myocardial infarction. Patients who have coronary heart disease or are at high risk for the development of CHD should be cautioned about the potential hazards of marijuana use as a precipitant for clinical events. Research directions might include more studies of cardiovascular disease outcomes and relationships of marijuana with cardiovascular risk factors, studies of metabolic and physiologic effects of chronic marijuana use that may affect cardiovascular disease risk, increased understanding of the role of the cannabinoid receptor system in cardiovascular regulation, and studies to determine if there is a therapeutic role for cannabinoids in blood pressure control or for neuroprotection after stroke.



7.  Marijuana impairs both learning and memory
Author/Editor/Inventor Sullivan, Jane M. [Reprint author].
Institution Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Title Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids
Source Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor). 7(3). May-June, 2000. 132-139.
Abstract Why does smoking marijuana impair learning and memory? Behavioral studies suggest that a disruption of normal hippocampal function contributes to these deficits. In vitro experiments find that cannabinoid receptor activation reduces neurotransmitter release below the levels required to trigger long-term changes in synaptic strength in the hippocampus. Cannabinoids reduce glutamate release through a G-protein-mediated inhibition of the calcium channels responsible for neurotransmitter release from hippocampal neurons. These mechanisms likely play a role in the learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids and by endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands.



8.  MJ can cause hypotension and bradycardia
Author/Editor/Inventor Kunos, George [Reprint author]; Jarai, Zoltan [Author]; Varga, Karoly [Author]; Liu, Jie [Author]; Wang, Lei [Author]; Wagner, Jens A. [Author].
Institution Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
Title Cardiovascular effects of endocannabinoids: The plot thickens
Source Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 61(1-2). April, 2000. 71-84.
Abstract Cannabinoids, the bioactive ingredients of the marijuana plant, are best known for their psychoactive properties, but they also influence other physiological processes, such as cardiovascular variables. Endocannabinoids are recently identified lipid mediators that act as natural ligands at cannabinoid receptors and mimic most of the biological effects, including the cardiovascular actions, of plant-derived cannabinoids. In experimental animals, the most prominent component of the cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids is prolonged hypotension and bradycardia. This review focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. The emerging evidence suggesting that endocannabinoids may be involved in the peripheral regulation of vascular tone under certain conditions is also discussed.


I'm sure this pales in comparison to all the whacky drugs you guys here take :grin: but ya know..


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


Edited by VisionsToReality (11/09/07 03:03 PM)


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InvisibleDNKYD
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Registered: 09/23/04
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615406 - 11/09/07 01:55 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

This a case against cannabis, how? A case against its legalization, or against a recommendation of use?

All this medical information should be used for is to inform the public that, should you choose to consume cannabis, these things might happen to you. It should never be construed as evidence to continue the unconstitutional prohibition of the plant.

We should all have the freedom to consume this plant regardless of what it may or may not do to your body.


Edited by DNKYD (11/09/07 02:02 PM)


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OfflineVisionsToReality
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Registered: 09/22/07
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: DNKYD]
    #7615409 - 11/09/07 01:57 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Oh yeah, definitely. When I thought of that I was thinking more along the lines of "the downsides of the physiological impacts of MJ" pretty much. Everyone should be free to choose if they want to use it or not, but it seems like many people know the benefits and not necessarily the downsides. Personally I just like to be informed about it and not kid myself.


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


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InvisibletrendalM
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: DNKYD]
    #7615410 - 11/09/07 01:57 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

:thumbup:


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Once, men turned their thinking over to machines in the hope that this would set them free.
But that only permitted other men with machines to enslave them.


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OfflineJunkFood
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615412 - 11/09/07 01:58 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Devil's advocate:



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OfflineJunkFood
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: trendal]
    #7615432 - 11/09/07 02:04 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Quote:

trendal said:
:thumbup:




Maybe the case he's talking about, is the case of whether or not it's a good idea.

Quote:

VisionsToReality said:
it seems like many people know the benefits and not necessarily the downsides.




You have to realize one thing: These studies can be complete bullshit.

http://www.drugtext.org/sub/marmyt1.html


Edited by JunkFood (11/09/07 02:10 PM)


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OfflineVisionsToReality
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: JunkFood]
    #7615469 - 11/09/07 02:18 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Those studies are peer reviewed articles that have been published in scientific journals, accepted by the scientific community (or the majority of it). This is professional science, and I hold it to be more credible than drugtext.org..


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


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OfflineJunkFood
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615489 - 11/09/07 02:23 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Scientists are paid money to make marijuana look bad.


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InvisibleDNKYD
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Registered: 09/23/04
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615499 - 11/09/07 02:26 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Quote:

VisionsToReality said:
Those studies are peer reviewed articles that have been published in scientific journals, accepted by the scientific community (or the majority of it). This is professional science, and I hold it to be more credible than drugtext.org..




Professional science? Just because the scientists are getting a check doesn't necessarily mean their results are credible. You remember that hack that did the ecstasy studies and gave the government the results they wanted so he could secure further funding?


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OfflineVisionsToReality
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: JunkFood]
    #7615505 - 11/09/07 02:27 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Correction: Some pseudoscientists are paid money to make marijuana look bad, the media amplifies it, and the scientific community then quietly peer reviews it, rejects it, and move on.

The great thing about peer review is that it weeds out the adultered or incorrect results. Things that make it this far are credible.


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


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OfflineVisionsToReality
RIBBONS


Registered: 09/22/07
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: DNKYD]
    #7615514 - 11/09/07 02:28 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Quote:

DNKYD said:
Quote:

VisionsToReality said:
Those studies are peer reviewed articles that have been published in scientific journals, accepted by the scientific community (or the majority of it). This is professional science, and I hold it to be more credible than drugtext.org..




Professional science? Just because the scientists are getting a check doesn't necessarily mean their results are credible. You remember that hack that did the ecstasy studies and gave the government the results they wanted so he could secure further funding?




What makes these studies credible is that other groups and scientists that are external to the people conducting these individual studies have peer reviewed them, ensuring that these studies are truthful and unbias and methodically sound. This is what I call professional science.


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


Extras: Filter Print Post Top
OfflineJunkFood
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615516 - 11/09/07 02:29 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Quote:

VisionsToReality said:
The great thing about peer review is that it weeds out the adultered or incorrect results.  Things that make it this far are credible.




You have no idea what the fuck you're talking about. The blocks of text you copied and pasted mean nothing to you, other than "Some bad stuff about weed", and you have no fucking idea about any peer reviews :rolleyes:


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OfflineVisionsToReality
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: JunkFood]
    #7615526 - 11/09/07 02:31 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

I read every single one of those blocks of text, added the one-line summary above each block, and found all of these within a database of scientific peer-reviewed research that has been published in scientific journals. I did this for my own benefit, and figured I'd pass the info along to others who are serious about this stuff

But of course, you're free to think what you want.


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


Edited by VisionsToReality (11/09/07 02:32 PM)


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Invisiblebadchad
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Registered: 03/02/05
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: JunkFood]
    #7615534 - 11/09/07 02:33 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

They are on pubmed. To be accepted in a peer-reviewed journal means just that: It is looked over by others. Any idiot can post on a website. Peer-review weeds out these individuals.

Academic scientists aren't "paid off" by the government. It just doesn't work that way. There are no feds in trench coats waiting for you outside the University in the parking lot.

The case of the MDMA toxicity paper is a perfect example. That paper was published in Science. Science is the most credible and prestigous journal in the world. It is viewed by millions. If someone were to completely fabricate data, they would be found out. This is the self correcting nature of science. This illustrates the importance of peer-review.


--------------------
...the whole experience is (and is as) a profound piece of knowledge.  It is an indellible experience; it is forever known.  I have known myself in a way I doubt I would have ever occurred except as it did.

Smith, P.  Bull. Menninger Clinic (1959) 23:20-27; p. 27.

...most subjects find the experience valuable, some find it frightening, and many say that is it uniquely lovely.

Osmond, H.  Annals, NY Acad Science (1957) 66:418-434; p.436


Edited by badchad (11/09/07 02:38 PM)


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OfflineJunkFood
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615546 - 11/09/07 02:36 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

What you posted is raw jargon. You can't expect that many people on here to actually raed those blocks of text and actually understand the alleged level of harm.


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OfflineVisionsToReality
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Registered: 09/22/07
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: JunkFood]
    #7615562 - 11/09/07 02:39 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

I expect most educated people can read those things and get the conclusions and gist of the abstract posted. You don't need to be a professional to get the gist.


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


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Offlinelearningtofly
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615605 - 11/09/07 02:48 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Why are some of you so quick to dismiss this as the wacky conservatives agenda do take away everything? Are you denying the fact that carcinogens exist in smoke? Or is that just a conspiracy as well. Marijuana isn't some perfect holy drug that has no downside to it.


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OfflineVisionsToReality
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: learningtofly]
    #7615615 - 11/09/07 02:51 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Poly aromatic hydrocarbons...they exist in MJ smoke...they're carcinogenic...flat hexagonal wafer-shaped molecules that are hydrophobic and able to insert themselves into the inner hydrophobic regions of DNA and basically fuck it up. Pretty intense! It makes sense that if we know these things are carcinogens, and we know they exist in smoke...yet our scientific experiments and time frames can't correlate cancer, that there is definitely a piece of the puzzle missing...


--------------------
Life is one big road with lots of signs,
So when you're ridin' through the ruts,
Don't you complicate your mind.

Flee from hate, mischief and jealousy
Don't bury your thoughts,
Put your vision to reality, yeah!


Extras: Filter Print Post Top
OfflineJunkFood
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: learningtofly]
    #7615632 - 11/09/07 02:53 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Quote:

learningtofly said:
Marijuana isn't some perfect holy drug that has no downside to it.




Yes, it is! :crankey:


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OfflineJunkFood
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615891 - 11/09/07 03:55 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects
ABSTRACT

The hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain contains neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) capable of generating new neurons, i.e., neurogenesis. Most drugs of abuse examined to date decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the effects of cannabis (marijuana or cannabinoids) on hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the potential regulatory capacity of the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU210 on hippocampal neurogenesis and its possible correlation with behavioral change. We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. This hypothesis is supported by further findings that HU210 promotes proliferation, but not differentiation, of cultured embryonic hippocampal NS/PCs likely via a sequential activation of CB1 receptors, G(i/o) proteins, and ERK signaling. Chronic, but not acute, HU210 treatment promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats and exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. X-irradiation of the hippocampus blocked both the neurogenic and behavioral effects of chronic HU210 treatment, suggesting that chronic HU210 treatment produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects likely via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis.


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Invisiblebadchad
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: JunkFood]
    #7615916 - 11/09/07 04:03 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

And if you were to look, that might be a well-done study. You would have to look into the compound (HU210) and see what else is known about it. It's a "cannabinoid", which means it acts on cannabinoid receptors.

It may be much different than marijuana in terms of second messenger signaling and efficacy.

The bottom line is the same however: the quality of the study is assured (at least to some degree) by the process of peer-review. It is not infallible, but much more rigorous than simply posting up a random website.


--------------------
...the whole experience is (and is as) a profound piece of knowledge.  It is an indellible experience; it is forever known.  I have known myself in a way I doubt I would have ever occurred except as it did.

Smith, P.  Bull. Menninger Clinic (1959) 23:20-27; p. 27.

...most subjects find the experience valuable, some find it frightening, and many say that is it uniquely lovely.

Osmond, H.  Annals, NY Acad Science (1957) 66:418-434; p.436


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Offlinefreddurgan
Techgnostic
Male


Registered: 01/11/04
Posts: 3,648
Last seen: 11 years, 8 months
Re: Negative physiological affects of marijuana - peer reviewed scientific study abstracts [Re: VisionsToReality]
    #7615923 - 11/09/07 04:06 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Quote:

VisionsToReality said:
8. MJ can cause hypotension and bradycardia
Author/Editor/Inventor Kunos, George [Reprint author]; Jarai, Zoltan [Author]; Varga, Karoly [Author]; Liu, Jie [Author]; Wang, Lei [Author]; Wagner, Jens A. [Author].
Institution Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
Title Cardiovascular effects of endocannabinoids: The plot thickens
Source Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 61(1-2). April, 2000. 71-84.
Abstract Cannabinoids, the bioactive ingredients of the marijuana plant, are best known for their psychoactive properties, but they also influence other physiological processes, such as cardiovascular variables. Endocannabinoids are recently identified lipid mediators that act as natural ligands at cannabinoid receptors and mimic most of the biological effects, including the cardiovascular actions, of plant-derived cannabinoids. In experimental animals, the most prominent component of the cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids is prolonged hypotension and bradycardia. This review focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. The emerging evidence suggesting that endocannabinoids may be involved in the peripheral regulation of vascular tone under certain conditions is also discussed.





I can vouch for that. I've developed what the doctor said was bradycardia in the last 4 years. And super super low blood pressure. Like passing out when I stand low. It's weak.


--------------------
Ishmael
http://www.ishmael.org

Ron Paul 2008!
http://www.ronpaul2008.com/


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Offlinesinenomine
Stranger
Registered: 12/02/06
Posts: 557
Last seen: 10 years, 8 months
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: JunkFood]
    #7615941 - 11/09/07 04:11 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/25/AR2006052501729_pf.html

Not only is there no positive correlation between cannabis use and cancer, there is actually a NEGATIVE correlation.

"What we found instead was no association at all, and even a suggestion of some protective effect."

Your chance of getting cancer is LOWER if you smoke weed.


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Invisiblebadchad
Mad Scientist

Registered: 03/02/05
Posts: 13,372
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: sinenomine]
    #7615969 - 11/09/07 04:19 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

But the results never reached statistical significance, which is an entirely different from the keyword: suggestion.

The actual study is here:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17035389&ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

Another example of peer-review. There is a big difference between objectively reporting scientific findings, and sensationalizing a story for the Washington Post.


--------------------
...the whole experience is (and is as) a profound piece of knowledge.  It is an indellible experience; it is forever known.  I have known myself in a way I doubt I would have ever occurred except as it did.

Smith, P.  Bull. Menninger Clinic (1959) 23:20-27; p. 27.

...most subjects find the experience valuable, some find it frightening, and many say that is it uniquely lovely.

Osmond, H.  Annals, NY Acad Science (1957) 66:418-434; p.436


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Offlinefreddurgan
Techgnostic
Male


Registered: 01/11/04
Posts: 3,648
Last seen: 11 years, 8 months
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: sinenomine]
    #7615972 - 11/09/07 04:20 PM (16 years, 2 months ago)

Quote:

sinenomine said:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/25/AR2006052501729_pf.html

Not only is there no positive correlation between cannabis use and cancer, there is actually a NEGATIVE correlation.

"What we found instead was no association at all, and even a suggestion of some protective effect."

Your chance of getting cancer is LOWER if you smoke weed.




That is so vague since there are approximately TONS of different cancers. Which one is protected against? How so?


--------------------
Ishmael
http://www.ishmael.org

Ron Paul 2008!
http://www.ronpaul2008.com/


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Invisiblethe human abstract
malaka the werewolf
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Registered: 11/30/09
Posts: 8,817
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: freddurgan]
    #15099107 - 09/19/11 12:42 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

A lot of weed is sprayed with pesticides :ilold:


--------------------
★★


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OfflineKonyap


Registered: 06/30/07
Posts: 33,945
Loc: Planet Piss
Last seen: 4 years, 2 months
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: the human abstract]
    #15099143 - 09/19/11 12:59 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

http://www.growery.org/3151/Cannibis-Notice

theres even a times artical where they said guys and girls get weaker in the subjects they arent good at then everything jus goes back to normal even after ten years use


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Invisibleobaku
student of theuniverse
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: Konyap]
    #15099646 - 09/19/11 06:35 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Don't forget to mention that cannabis use will make men grow gigantic breasts.  I was in Jamaica and Afghanistan, and all the men there have teats just like Dolly Parton.  You have been warned!    Pot also lowers sperm counts, so Jamaica and Afghanistan's birth rates are so low that soon there will be no people in those countries left at all!


--------------------
The master's gone herb gathering, somewhere on the mountain, cloud-hidden, whereabouts unknown.


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OfflineRexter
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Registered: 05/03/09
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: obaku]
    #15099783 - 09/19/11 08:03 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Marijuana has never affected my learning. Ive passed AP classes in highschool, while being baked. Although there are exceptions to every rule.

Right now I'm about to take my pre-GED test. With no marijuana.  Lets see how this goes

And great job providing this information.


--------------------
new trade list 
my own WCA V: I

"Ha! Marshall you're so funny man You should be a comedian, god damn!" Unfortunately I am I just hide behind the tears of a clown"

Meteloides said:
Stick to naturally occurring substances! Like Shrooms! And DMT! And Datura! And Amanita Phalloides! And Nutmeg! And Hemlock!
That'll expand the shit out of your DNA.
:ancientaliens:


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OfflineKada
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: Rexter]
    #15099830 - 09/19/11 08:21 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Marijuana impairs both learning and memory
Author/Editor/Inventor Sullivan, Jane M. [Reprint author].
Institution Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Title Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids
Source Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor). 7(3). May-June, 2000. 132-139.
Abstract Why does smoking marijuana impair learning and memory? Behavioral studies suggest that a disruption of normal hippocampal function contributes to these deficits. In vitro experiments find that cannabinoid receptor activation reduces neurotransmitter release below the levels required to trigger long-term changes in synaptic strength in the hippocampus. Cannabinoids reduce glutamate release through a G-protein-mediated inhibition of the calcium channels responsible for neurotransmitter release from hippocampal neurons. These mechanisms likely play a role in the learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids and by endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands.




I know this is crap. I have a friend who smoked 24/7 and got 3rd in his class. He smoked when he studied and smoked when he took tests. I think lazy, stupid people love weed just as much as a smart person does. I know a lot of people who smoke weed daily and they are not impaired mentally at all. I'm high right now and I can function just as well as I can when I'm sober. Practice makes perfect I guess.


--------------------
~The Cultivators Motherload~

"I am free, no matter what rules surround me. If I find them tolerable, I tolerate them; if I find them too obnoxious, I break them.
I am free because I know that I alone am morally responsible for everything I do." -Robert A. Heinlein

"There is no need for temples, no need for complicated philosophies.
My brain and my heart are my temples; my philosophy is kindness."-Dalai Lama

Live long and prosper.



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Invisibleblewmeanie
I'm a teapot User Gallery


Folding@home Statistics
Registered: 10/01/06
Posts: 28,984
Loc: Flag
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: Rexter]
    #15099953 - 09/19/11 09:00 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Rexter said:
Marijuana has never affected my learning......Right now I'm about to take my pre-GED test.



:orly:


--------------------
The Prophecy!

Learn To Code


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Invisibleblewmeanie
I'm a teapot User Gallery


Folding@home Statistics
Registered: 10/01/06
Posts: 28,984
Loc: Flag
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: Kada]
    #15099960 - 09/19/11 09:01 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Kada said:
Quote:

Marijuana impairs both learning and memory
Author/Editor/Inventor Sullivan, Jane M. [Reprint author].
Institution Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Title Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids
Source Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor). 7(3). May-June, 2000. 132-139.
Abstract Why does smoking marijuana impair learning and memory? Behavioral studies suggest that a disruption of normal hippocampal function contributes to these deficits. In vitro experiments find that cannabinoid receptor activation reduces neurotransmitter release below the levels required to trigger long-term changes in synaptic strength in the hippocampus. Cannabinoids reduce glutamate release through a G-protein-mediated inhibition of the calcium channels responsible for neurotransmitter release from hippocampal neurons. These mechanisms likely play a role in the learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids and by endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands.




I know this is crap. I have a friend who smoked 24/7 and got 3rd in his class. He smoked when he studied and smoked when he took tests. I think lazy, stupid people love weed just as much as a smart person does. I know a lot of people who smoke weed daily and they are not impaired mentally at all. I'm high right now and I can function just as well as I can when I'm sober. Practice makes perfect I guess.



I can't remember shit when I'm high.:shrug:


--------------------
The Prophecy!

Learn To Code


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Invisiblebirdland

Registered: 07/24/11
Posts: 2,202
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: Kada]
    #15100248 - 09/19/11 10:32 AM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Kada said:
I know this is crap. I have a friend who smoked 24/7 and got 3rd in his class. He smoked when he studied and smoked when he took tests. I think lazy, stupid people love weed just as much as a smart person does. I know a lot of people who smoke weed daily and they are not impaired mentally at all. I'm high right now and I can function just as well as I can when I'm sober. Practice makes perfect I guess.




I know for a fact my short term memory and learning abilities are impaired while I'm high. Without a doubt. Does this make me stupid and lazy?


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OfflineKonyap


Registered: 06/30/07
Posts: 33,945
Loc: Planet Piss
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: birdland]
    #15102655 - 09/19/11 06:50 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

shrooms are like being high x30


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OfflineAnonymousRabbit
Comrade
 User Gallery

Registered: 01/10/08
Posts: 8,993
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. [Re: Konyap] * 1
    #15102707 - 09/19/11 07:03 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

.


--------------------
.


Edited by AnonymousRabbit (05/19/22 12:37 AM)


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Offlinemorrowasted
Worldwide Stepper
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: AnonymousRabbit]
    #15102753 - 09/19/11 07:14 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

I support the OP. I smoke every day. I have for years. I want to stop.


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OfflineAnonymousRabbit
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Registered: 01/10/08
Posts: 8,993
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. [Re: morrowasted]
    #15102836 - 09/19/11 07:27 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

.


--------------------
.


Edited by AnonymousRabbit (05/19/22 12:37 AM)


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Offlinemorrowasted
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: AnonymousRabbit]
    #15102866 - 09/19/11 07:32 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Speak for yourself. Marijuana is the most addictive drug for me. And I have used them all.


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OfflineAnonymousRabbit
Comrade
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Registered: 01/10/08
Posts: 8,993
Last seen: 1 year, 4 months
. [Re: morrowasted]
    #15102881 - 09/19/11 07:35 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

.


--------------------
.


Edited by AnonymousRabbit (05/19/22 12:37 AM)


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Invisibled0urd3n
Just call me "D"


Registered: 09/15/10
Posts: 5,237
Re: The case against marijuana [Re: AnonymousRabbit]
    #15103072 - 09/19/11 08:02 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Now I'm scared about my heart getting fucked up :frown: Does anyone have evidence of it not being bad for the heart?


--------------------


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OfflineKonyap


Registered: 06/30/07
Posts: 33,945
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: d0urd3n]
    #15103709 - 09/19/11 10:10 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

they say its smoke but that would mean that fire is bad for you m'kay

you can be around pot smoke it's never goin to show up on a test


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OfflineDr. P. Silocybin
Would you like fries with that?
 User Gallery


Registered: 09/09/08
Posts: 2,620
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Re: The case against marijuana [Re: blewmeanie]
    #15104004 - 09/19/11 11:12 PM (12 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

blewmeanie said:
Quote:

Rexter said:
Marijuana has never affected my learning......Right now I'm about to take my pre-GED test.



:orly:




:curbyourenthusiasm: seriously dude how'd you go from AP classes to GED?


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