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Offlineporcupine
Stranger
Male
Registered: 01/09/05
Posts: 1,289
Loc: MI
Last seen: 11 years, 11 months
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: suave]
    #7419915 - 09/17/07 02:27 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

cocaine is physically addictive, it does produce some physical withdrawal symptoms when stopping. it's like marijuana, there is a physical withdrawal when you stop but it's not serious. opiates and CNS depressants produce the most severe type of physical dependence.


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OfflineTHEBats
FuturePsychopharmacologist
Male

Registered: 03/18/05
Posts: 1,268
Loc: Florida
Last seen: 12 years, 8 months
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: porcupine]
    #7419937 - 09/17/07 02:31 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

Quote:

porcupine said:
cocaine is physically addictive, it does produce some physical withdrawal symptoms when stopping. it's like marijuana, there is a physical withdrawal when you stop but it's not serious. opiates and CNS depressants produce the most severe type of physical dependence.




wrong. cocaine is not physically addictive and neither is marijuana. Learn the difference between physically addicting and mentally addicting. Physical withdrawal symptoms from cocaine or marijuana do not have a physical cause therefore they're still psychological. However with either alcohol or heroin the way your body functions is altered once one is addicted causing physical symptoms with a physical root cause.


Edited by THEBats (09/17/07 02:32 PM)


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OfflineCoaster
Baʿal
Male User Gallery

Registered: 05/22/06
Posts: 33,501
Loc: Deep in the Valley
Last seen: 12 years, 4 months
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: THEBats]
    #7420022 - 09/17/07 02:55 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

Insane in the membrane
Insane in the brain!
Insane in the membrane
Insane in the brain!

Insane in the membrane
Plenty insane
Got no brain!
Insane in the membrane
Insane in the brain!

Do my shit undercover
Now it's time for the blubba
Blabba
To watch that belly get fatter
Fat boy on a diet
Don't try it
I'll jack your ass like a looter in a riot
My shit's fat like a sumo slammin' that ass
Leavin' your face in the grass
You know
I don't take a dulo
Lightly
Punks just jealous `cause they can't outwrite me
So kick that style: wicked, wild
Happy face nigga never seen me smile
Rip that mainframe
I'll explain
A nigga like me is goin' insane


--------------------


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InvisibleRobo
R Series 66Y
Registered: 05/08/07
Posts: 14,861
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: shroom_daddy]
    #7420033 - 09/17/07 02:58 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

 


Edited by Robo (11/08/13 01:08 PM)


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Offlineporcupine
Stranger
Male
Registered: 01/09/05
Posts: 1,289
Loc: MI
Last seen: 11 years, 11 months
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: Coaster]
    #7420070 - 09/17/07 03:07 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

Quote:


wrong. cocaine is not physically addictive and neither is marijuana. Learn the difference between physically addicting and mentally addicting. Physical withdrawal symptoms from cocaine or marijuana do not have a physical cause therefore they're still psychological. However with either alcohol or heroin the way your body functions is altered once one is addicted causing physical symptoms with a physical root cause.





wrong. stop telling me to learn the difference between physically addicting and mentally addicting. some of the withdrawal symptoms from cocaine and marijuana do have a physiological cause. the mind and body are linked, you cannot separate them.

The neurobiological basis for cannabis withdrawal has been established via discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system, identification of cannabinoid receptors, and demonstrations of precipitated withdrawal with cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Laboratory studies have established the reliability, validity, and time course of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome and have begun to explore the effect of various medications on such withdrawal

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16612207&query_hl=7&itool=pubmed_docsum

Chronic exposure to psychostimulants induces neuro-adaptations in ion channel function of dopamine (DA)-innervated cells localized within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Although neuroplasticity in ion channel function is initially found in drug-sensitized animals, it has recently been believed to underlie the withdrawal effects of cocaine, including craving that leads to relapse in human addicts. Recent studies have also revealed remarkable differences in altered ion channel activities between mPFC pyramidal neurons and medium spiny NAc neurons in cocaine-withdrawn animals. In response to psychostimulant or certain "excitatory" stimuli, increased intrinsic excitability is found in mPFC pyramidal neurons, whereas decreased excitability is observed in medium spiny NAc cells in drug-withdrawn animals compared to drug-free control animals. These changes in ion channel function are modulated by interrupted DA/Ca2+ signaling with decreased DA D2 receptor function but increased D1 receptor signaling. More importantly, they are correlated to behavioral changes in cocaine-withdrawn human addicts and sensitized animals. Based on growing evidence, researchers have proposed that cocaine-induced neuro-adaptations in ion channel activity and DA/Ca2+ signaling in mPFC pyramidal neurons and medium spiny NAc cells may be the fundamental cellular mechanism underlying the cocaine withdrawal effects observed in human addicts.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17519508&ordinalpos=19&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum


Edited by porcupine (09/17/07 03:10 PM)


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Invisiblebadchad
Mad Scientist

Registered: 03/02/05
Posts: 13,373
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: porcupine]
    #7420087 - 09/17/07 03:13 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

Quote:

porcupine said:
the mind and body are linked, you cannot separate them.





Very true.

Nearly all forms of "addiction" contain an underlying psychological component. This is why "addiction" is diagnosed on behavioral symptoms, rather than physical.

There is no objective, single, physical cause of "addiction". If you look into the literature, there are tons of physical correlates and causes of addiction. Searching pubmed for the physiological basis of "addiction" is like going to Barnes and Noble and asking for a book about "weight loss". There are some good leads, but everyone has there own opinion.


--------------------
...the whole experience is (and is as) a profound piece of knowledge.  It is an indellible experience; it is forever known.  I have known myself in a way I doubt I would have ever occurred except as it did.

Smith, P.  Bull. Menninger Clinic (1959) 23:20-27; p. 27.

...most subjects find the experience valuable, some find it frightening, and many say that is it uniquely lovely.

Osmond, H.  Annals, NY Acad Science (1957) 66:418-434; p.436


Edited by badchad (09/17/07 03:16 PM)


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Offlinejeanpignon
frenshchampignon
Male User Gallery
Registered: 08/07/07
Posts: 115
Loc: my mind,
Last seen: 5 years, 10 months
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: Coaster]
    #7420094 - 09/17/07 03:14 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

YOU ARE NOT IN RIGHT TO SAY THAT MAD THING!!!
BOOOO BAD BOY!!!!!


--------------------
bonjour les shroom!!!


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Offlinejeanpignon
frenshchampignon
Male User Gallery
Registered: 08/07/07
Posts: 115
Loc: my mind,
Last seen: 5 years, 10 months
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: Coaster]
    #7420099 - 09/17/07 03:15 PM (16 years, 5 months ago)

Quote:

Coaster said:
Insane in the membrane
Insane in the brain!
Insane in the membrane
Insane in the brain!

Insane in the membrane
Plenty insane
Got no brain!
Insane in the membrane
Insane in the brain!

Do my shit undercover
Now it's time for the blubba
Blabba
To watch that belly get fatter
Fat boy on a diet
Don't try it
I'll jack your ass like a looter in a riot
My shit's fat like a sumo slammin' that ass
Leavin' your face in the grass
You know
I don't take a dulo
Lightly
Punks just jealous `cause they can't outwrite me
So kick that style: wicked, wild
Happy face nigga never seen me smile
Rip that mainframe
I'll explain
A nigga like me is goin' insane






BOOOOOOO!!! BAD BOY!!!!


--------------------
bonjour les shroom!!!


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OfflineTHEBats
FuturePsychopharmacologist
Male

Registered: 03/18/05
Posts: 1,268
Loc: Florida
Last seen: 12 years, 8 months
Re: Drugs that affect functionality of the brain? [Re: porcupine]
    #7422530 - 09/18/07 06:36 AM (16 years, 5 months ago)

Quote:

porcupine said:
Quote:


wrong. cocaine is not physically addictive and neither is marijuana. Learn the difference between physically addicting and mentally addicting. Physical withdrawal symptoms from cocaine or marijuana do not have a physical cause therefore they're still psychological. However with either alcohol or heroin the way your body functions is altered once one is addicted causing physical symptoms with a physical root cause.





wrong. stop telling me to learn the difference between physically addicting and mentally addicting. some of the withdrawal symptoms from cocaine and marijuana do have a physiological cause. the mind and body are linked, you cannot separate them.

The neurobiological basis for cannabis withdrawal has been established via discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system, identification of cannabinoid receptors, and demonstrations of precipitated withdrawal with cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Laboratory studies have established the reliability, validity, and time course of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome and have begun to explore the effect of various medications on such withdrawal

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16612207&query_hl=7&itool=pubmed_docsum

Chronic exposure to psychostimulants induces neuro-adaptations in ion channel function of dopamine (DA)-innervated cells localized within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Although neuroplasticity in ion channel function is initially found in drug-sensitized animals, it has recently been believed to underlie the withdrawal effects of cocaine, including craving that leads to relapse in human addicts. Recent studies have also revealed remarkable differences in altered ion channel activities between mPFC pyramidal neurons and medium spiny NAc neurons in cocaine-withdrawn animals. In response to psychostimulant or certain "excitatory" stimuli, increased intrinsic excitability is found in mPFC pyramidal neurons, whereas decreased excitability is observed in medium spiny NAc cells in drug-withdrawn animals compared to drug-free control animals. These changes in ion channel function are modulated by interrupted DA/Ca2+ signaling with decreased DA D2 receptor function but increased D1 receptor signaling. More importantly, they are correlated to behavioral changes in cocaine-withdrawn human addicts and sensitized animals. Based on growing evidence, researchers have proposed that cocaine-induced neuro-adaptations in ion channel activity and DA/Ca2+ signaling in mPFC pyramidal neurons and medium spiny NAc cells may be the fundamental cellular mechanism underlying the cocaine withdrawal effects observed in human addicts.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17519508&ordinalpos=19&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum




You still fail to see the difference and nit picking to find literature that suits your needs means shit when there is plenty of research that says otherwise; that cocaine is psychologically addicting and nothing more.

Also bad boy! :mad2:  Confusing correlation with causation.  Shame on you.

With that I do agree in the subjectivity of the term.


Edited by THEBats (09/18/07 06:44 AM)


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