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Some of these posts are very old and might contain outdated information. You may wish to search for newer posts instead.
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Anonymous
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Re: Breeding? [Re: Workman]
#623782 - 05/01/02 03:03 AM (21 years, 8 months ago) |
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Everything workman said, except!!! When two monokaryotic hyphal strands fuse, it is a cytoplasmic fusion, not a nuclear fusion. Both haploid nuclei, one from each monokaryon exist side by side in the dikaryotic hyphae. They do not fuse, or exchange genes. They act independently of each other, but in unison, to continue growth and eventually fruiting. Only within the Basidium of a fertile fruiting body do these nuclei fuse to form a diploid nuclei. Which rapidly undergoes meiosis to form haploid nuclei again. Recombination occursprimarily here, during meiosis. This is an actual mixing of genes, DNA. Even during Anastomosis there is no Exchange of DNA between the haploid nuclei. It is an exchange of intact nuclei that occurs. Intact haploid nuclei. This is not recombination. Problems with hybrids have been stated. False matings between partially compatible monokaryons. Anastomosis as well can lead to fusions of partial compatibility. Everything goes great, they fruit, but they are sterilie!!! The actual fusion between Haploid nuclei is not successful!!! Anastomosis can enable a fertile Dikaryon to hotwire a non fertile dikaryon into a fertile one, it can also just harness the feeding capabilities of a nonfertile dikaryon. Absorbing the nonfertile dikaryon into it's mycelial network, expanding the fertile dikaryons feeding range, but not producing fruits from those sections. This can not be overstated enough. ANASTOMOSIS and MATING of MONOKARYONS is not a NUCLEAR FUSION. It only becomes complete if and when the haploid nuclei fuse during karyogamy within the basidia of mature fruitbodies. When you get spores from your hybrid, it was a successful CROSS. Recombination at any stage other then karyogamy in basidiomycetes is pretty uncommon, but can occur. Parasexualism can and does occur in Basidiomycetes, but not to the extent that it occurs in fungi without a sexual cycle. Hyphae can contain more then one, two, or many nuclei. These nuclei can be diploid and haploid, even polyploids. Mitotic crossing over, recombination, can occur, but it is rare in Basidiomycetes. It occurs only with Diploid Nuclei. Since the majority of nuclei within the fertile dikaryon are haploid, it is rare. Hybridization is the formation of a new strain from two strains. It can occur between monokaryons of two differing strains, or it can occur between dikaryons of two different strains, even between substrains of the same strain. In all instances, the donor nuclei remain seperate from eachother, but are housed under the same hyphal strand. They undergo mitosis individually and seperately. Anastamosis can be viewed as a replacement process, not a fusion process. A dikaryon with two distinct haploid nuclei merges with another dikaryon with two distinct haploid nuclei. Disimilar nuclei (compatible)(partially compatible) are united. PR(A1B1A2B2) runs into EQ( A1B1A2B2) and they undergo Anastamosis to form PR(A1B1)EQ(A2B2) or vice versus. The resulting Hybrid A1B1A2B2 is a new strain a PRxEQ. This Anastamosis is not limited to hybrids between different strains, and occurs with higher frequency within a STRAIN, between substrains. Hence the success with multispore innoculations!!!
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Anonymous
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Re: Breeding? [Re: Seuss]
#624439 - 05/01/02 10:13 PM (21 years, 8 months ago) |
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This was stated in my post. Individual hyphae can contain many nuclei. The point that was being expressed was that each nuclei remains intact, and no genetic recombination occurs between them. Only in the Basidium does Karyogomy occur, and when this happens the number of nuclei is always reduced to TWO just prior to fusion. Only occasionaly in sexually reproducing mushrooms, does recombination occur outside of the basidium.
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Anonymous
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The majority of hybrids are not sterile, even in the plant world. Take MJ for example. All of these hybrids, between strains, are not sterile. They just aren't true breeding. If You start with strain A and cross it with strain B, the seeds produced from that cross are the hybrid. But if these hybrid plants from the seeds, breed and produce their own seeds, you wind up with a bunch of variability. You have to continue to breed the offspring over and over for several generations before you can get any kind of stability. Crosses between two different genera, or even between two different species usually results in sterile hybrids. Both with fish, and with plants, and will most likely be sterile with mushrooms as well. The hybrids I am referring too, are within a species of mushrooms, and between strains, or substrains. If you eat corn, you are eating seeds, so the hybrid was not sterile. It needs to be pollinated by like cultivars, or the resulting fruit will not be true to type. If you let the fruit mature, the resulting seeds will grow, LOW GERMINATION RATES and LOSS OF UNIFORMITY OCCURS. Corn is picked prior to seed viability for eating. Hybrids are breed for EATING qualities, Yield, shelf life, etc.... The actual hybrid is what you are planting, so it wasn't sterile either. Manipulating Ploidy levels can result in sterility, fruits without seeds, fish that can't breed.
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Anonymous
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Re: Breeding? [Re: francisco]
#624477 - 05/01/02 10:56 PM (21 years, 8 months ago) |
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Yes cloning can maintain a sterile, fruiting hybrid. I wasn't trying to talk anybody out of trying to make hybrids, I actually think it is a great idea!!!
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Anonymous
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Cubensis just can' t complete it's lifecycle in your climate. It can't go from spore to spore to spore. It can definetly go from spawn to spore with a little help.
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Anonymous
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Pictures of what?
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Anonymous
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If they are cubies, you will have to respawn every year.
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Anonymous
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Re: Breeding? [Re: ]
#624580 - 05/02/02 02:18 AM (21 years, 8 months ago) |
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The question is, will they germinate, vegetate, fruit, spore, and repeat in your climate. NO. Otherwise they would be there!!!
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