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OfflineTimberdoodler
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October Agarics
    #6124831 - 10/02/06 03:02 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

I really need to invest in some mushroom field guides.  If nothing else though, bringing the photos here and discussing the days events is a hell of a lot of fun!

Luck was on my side today as my camera battery decided to work just long enough to get some good photos of a handful of mushrooms that were growing in the woodlot behind my house.  Since I've started shrooming in June, I've been trying to hone my photography skills, and October is the perfect time to do that with the colorful foliage and leaf litter. (Although it must be said that the colorful forest floor makes finding mushrooms a tad more difficult!) Anyway...on to the photos, and descriptions!

Mushroom 1 -- Amanita muscaria var. guessowii

To begin with, Amanitas baffle me. I have found warty, yellow capped mushrooms that I swore were Amanita Muscaria, but were deemed 'false'...so it kind of threw me for a loop.  Then, someone mentioned the ruffling at the base of the stem, and I noticed that THIS particular individual (about 60 yards from my back porch) had just that!  Also, the individual had a toasty orangeness to the cap.  I tried to get some good pictures for a positive ID, as I didn't want to pluck him from the earth before he could disperse his spore. (There was another Amanita Muscaria growing a few feet from him a couple weeks ago.)

Is it just me, or is there a slight irridescent look to the cap?



Here is a shot of the stem.  :smile:





More shots of it:





<croc hunter>What a beauty!</croc hunter>
_____________________________________________________________________

Mushroom 2 -- Hygrophorus pratensis

I've stumbled into these little guys a few times as well, and have been wondering what they are since I started seeing them in September.  As previously stated, they always seem to be small.

  • Location - central Pennsylvania, 10/2, deciduous forest

  • Cap - Orange.  Perhaps by coincidence the ones I collected today seemed to have a lighter variation in orangeness near the rim of the cap.  Perhaps they were just drying out, or something, but I took note of it...just in case.

  • Gilled - gills were white, perhaps with a faint peachy tone.  Basically white though.  They were attached to the stem, and pretty wide-gapped in comparison to most gilled mushrooms I've found.

  • Spore print - in the process, but i'm guessing white or peach.

  • Stem - thick, strong, white, and not hollow...but there seemed to be at least a tiny hollow portion.  I could be wrong on that though.

  • Bruising - It was hard to tell, but it looked like the flesh of the mushroom cap was stained a faint orange.  No appearant bruising on the stem though.

  • Also - I've found similar mushrooms in the past that had a more slimy cap.  The caps on these were relatively dry by comparison.







    Definitely a nice one to look at! 
    _____________________________________________________________________

    Mushroom 3

    Small cream-colored mushrooms that seem to keep sprouting from the same log, over and over since September.  One thing I noticed was the unique way that the gills attached to the stem.  It was like there is a notch just before the gills attach.  Is there a term for this?

  • Cap, creamy...darker toward center

  • Gills, white -- attached...notched just before stem. Alternating in size.

  • Stem thin, gradates to a dark reddish brown toward base...white near cap.

  • Spore print - in the making.

  • Habitat/Location - central Pennsylvania, grows directly from decaying hardwoods.





    _____________________________________________________________________

    Mushroom 4

  • Habitat/Location - central PA, grows from decaying logs

  • Cap - light brown, with flecks of darker orangy browns - dark rim

  • Gilled, attached, brown gills, variable sizes

  • Scent - typical of most mushrooms

  • Bruising - None that I could see, 'foot' of mushroom seemed yellowish

  • Stem - sturdy, same color as mushroom, not really thick OR thin






    __________________________________________________________________

    Mushroom 5

    A very small, grass dwelling mushroom, with thin (dandilion-like) stem, attached/white gilled.  Small.  "Lawn Mowers Mushroom" ??? This family is definitely hard for a newbie like myself to ID.



    Well...that's all for now.  I really hope you guys enjoy the photos!

    Happy hunting!  Off to eat my Grifola!


  • Edited by Timberdoodler (10/02/06 04:00 PM)


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    Offlinetodosmentira
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Timberdoodler]
        #6124866 - 10/02/06 03:14 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Don't like the look of mushroom number 2 - perhaps some kind of deadly cortinarius??


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    OfflineTimberdoodler
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: todosmentira]
        #6124883 - 10/02/06 03:21 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    It didn't strike me as any kind of cortinarius...but I'm completely new to this, so I could be way off. My thoughts led me to the Hygrophorus group.


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    OfflineRandomHero
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: todosmentira]
        #6124884 - 10/02/06 03:21 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    very nice photo's
    The top mushroom you say is a. muscaria
    looks pretty close... you're right about that cap


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    OfflineToxicManM
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Timberdoodler]
        #6124936 - 10/02/06 03:38 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    The first one looks to be Amanita muscaria var. guessowii, which is often misnamed formosa.

    The second one is close to Hygrophorus pratensis.

    The third looks like a Maramius, Mycena, or Omphalina.

    The fourth looks like a Honey Mushroom. A spore print should come out white, if so.

    The last one could be a Conocybe or Panaeolus. A spore print will be required to get to genus.

    Great photos.

    Happy mushrooming!


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    InvisibleAmatoxin
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: ToxicMan]
        #6124999 - 10/02/06 03:57 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Quote:

    ToxicMan said:
    The second one is close to Hygrophorus pratensis.




    Hygrophorus now? First Hygrocybe pratensis then Camarophyllus pratensis then Cuphophyllus pratensis and now Hygrophorus pratensis! Whens it ever going to end  :crazy:

    They grow in abundance round here and are good eating IMO, whatever they're called!


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    OfflineTimberdoodler
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: ToxicMan]
        #6125001 - 10/02/06 03:58 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Thanks for the ID on mushroom 1. I actually just read (last night) about Amanita var. formosa being an incorrect name, and that it should actually be called Amanita muscaria var. guessowii. Interesting!

    After doing some more research, mushroom two is almost definitely Hygrophorus pratensis. Thanks for pointing me in the right direction ToxicMan! It notes how the gill color is often a creamier version of the cap color. Flesh is brittle, which also fits.

    I'm just happy that I, without a field guide, placed it in the Hygrophorus family. Something else interesting:

    "This mushroom may not have much of a future in the waxy cap family, the Hygrophoraceae. Though it is the "type" (representative) mushroom for the entire Camarophyllus subgenus (or genus, or section, depending on the mycologist), at least one recent DNA study (Moncalvo et al., 2002) has placed it at the fringe, or even outside, of a large group of mushrooms containing Omphalina, Arrhenia, and the Hygrophoraceae."

    I'm going to edit my post and put in the proper names.


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    OfflineToxicManM
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Amatoxin]
        #6125083 - 10/02/06 04:25 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Amatoxin, the whole Camarophyllus thing comes down to some mycologists wanting to split up the genus Hygrophorus based on whether the gill trama are divergent, parallel, or convergent.

    Hygrophorus are divergent, Hygrocybe are parallel, and Camarophyllus are convergent.

    Interestingly, Hygrophorus pratensis is the type species for the genus Camarophyllus. It's an unusual Hygrophorus, and DNA testing seems to show that it may belong in its own little section near Omphalina.

    Personally, I just leave them in Hygrophorus for the time being, and I'll wait for the pros to decide where it should all shake out. No matter what they decide, any of the currently used names uniquely identify the mushroom we're discussing, so you aren't "wrong" no matter which one you use.

    Happy mushrooming!


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    Happy mushrooming!


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    OfflineFeelers
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: ToxicMan]
        #6125298 - 10/02/06 05:22 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    I think all that taxonomy based on morphology should just be totally disregarded. Its been proven inacurate time and time again, its funny that some mycologists still want to use it! :grin:

    DNA analysis is the only way to go - it might might be not be pretty having to change the traditional views on where things belong, however we are dealing with reality not nice and easy tree diagrams.

    I'm just annoyed because I've taken plant diversity, and algae diversity this year in Bio, and both of those had major shakeups, and that kinda mant we had to learn the old with the new. There was some good news from those departments, the new understanding based on molecular evidence is becoming much more standard, not so much in the algae but the plant diversity has changed quite a lot.

    Afterall who'd have thought that carrots are very close relations to daisies?


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    Offlinethetonebone72
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Feelers]
        #6125347 - 10/02/06 05:39 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Mushroom 5 is a mycena.  (The "lawn mower's mushroom" is panaeolus foenisecii).  Mycenas tend to have a bleach-like aroma whereas panaeolus have a more earthy smell.  As for the notched gills in #3 some people refer to it is sinuate. Some amazing close-ups on the Amanita!! :rockon:


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    Offlineeris
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Timberdoodler]
        #6125351 - 10/02/06 05:40 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Cool pictures Timberdoodler, thanks for sharing!


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    OfflineToxicManM
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Feelers]
        #6125668 - 10/02/06 07:12 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    It's going to be awhile before the DNA stuff gets done on all the mushrooms. When it is done the world will be a very different looking place than what it is now.

    On the other hand, I dread the day when the only official way to identify one will be to put a piece in a machine that will do the DNA and compare the results against an internal database, then tell us the result.

    Happy mushrooming!


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    Invisiblekoraks
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: eris]
        #6127240 - 10/03/06 01:07 AM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Quote:

    eris said:
    Cool pictures Timberdoodler, thanks for sharing!




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    OfflineFerretWhip
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: koraks]
        #6127306 - 10/03/06 01:49 AM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    What dose the "var." stand for in Amanita muscaria var. guessowii?


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    OfflineFeelers
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: FerretWhip]
        #6127315 - 10/03/06 01:59 AM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    var. = variety I believe. Its just to signify that while they are still the same species they are a clearly definable subunit.

    Its kind of an evolutionary half way point. In 10 million years they would probably be a different species all together.


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    OfflineTimberdoodler
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Feelers]
        #6128009 - 10/03/06 11:00 AM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Well, I wonder what "sp" stands for? For example: "Hygophorus sp."?


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    InvisibleWoodsCall
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Timberdoodler]
        #6128378 - 10/03/06 12:24 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    I'm no expert but I think 'sp.' stands for 'species,' as in an unidentified Hygrophorous... :crazy:

    And lovely pics, especially of the Amanita :cool:


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    Edited by WoodsCall (10/03/06 12:33 PM)


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    Offlineeris
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    Re: October Agarics [Re: Timberdoodler]
        #6128765 - 10/03/06 02:45 PM (17 years, 4 months ago)

    Yep, sp. is just short for species :smirk:


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