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OfflineSneezingPenis
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No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease
    #5924271 - 08/02/06 02:29 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

Quote:

Confronted with children whom psychologists, psychiatrists and teachers claimed had ADHD, I have not been able to find any abnormality—no disease whatsoever!

Dyslexia (or Specific Reading Disability), we are told, is an abnormality in the language parts of the brain, not manifest until the child fails to gain literacy in the early grades of school. What parents and teachers are usually not told, however, is that over sixty years of research have failed to confirm that a defect of any sort exists in the brain of a child who has been labeled dyslexic. Sadly, maintaining this condition to be a fact is doing incredible damage to these individuals. These made-up disorders, along with others including “Severe Emotional Disorder” or “Dyscalculia” (special arithmetic disorder), have never been validated as brain diseases. And believe me, I’ve asked the “experts.’

I wrote to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), to Ciba-Geigy (manufacturer of Ritalin), to Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorders (CH.A.D.D.) and four times to leading ADHD researchers at the NIMH, requesting that they direct me to one or a few articles in the peer-reviewed, scientific literature that constitutes proof of a physical or chemical abnormality in ADHD, thus making it a “disease.”

Paul Leber, M.D., of the FDA wrote in response: “...as yet no distinctive pathophysiology for the disorder has been delineated.” Gene Haislip of the DEA responded: “We are also unaware that ADHD has been validated as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease.”

I have yet to receive anything which would constitute proof of an abnormality—one that can be tested for patient-by-patient—one proving that we are not drugging entirely normal children. Even the APA admits in its DSM-IV that there are “...no laboratory tests that have been established as diagnostic” for “Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.”

Lawrence Diller, M.D. of the University of California, San Francisco, who was a conferee at the 1996 DEA Conference on Stimulant Use in the Treatment of ADHD, wrote: “The reason why you have been unable to obtain any articles or studies presenting clear and confirming evidence of a physical or chemical abnormality associated with ADHD is that there is none.”




here is the link By Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D.

http://groups.msn.com/DebateCriticalThin...482622601008312


Edited by psilocyberin (08/02/06 02:16 PM)


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InvisibleAfroshroomerican
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD [Re: SneezingPenis]
    #5924273 - 08/02/06 02:30 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

Is anything they say ever proven?


--------------------
"We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools."

~Martin Luther King Jr.~

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InvisibleStroFun
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD [Re: Afroshroomerican]
    #5924825 - 08/02/06 09:26 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

How do you explain the effects of ritalin on my brain then? Why does it make my friends fucked up and it does nothing but make me think and focus better?

I'm not saying i need the medication but why doesn't it have the same effects on me as it does me friends?


Edited by StroFun (08/02/06 09:29 AM)


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Offlineleery11
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD [Re: StroFun]
    #5924896 - 08/02/06 10:04 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

well if i payed better attention in my psych course i could perhaps counter.

according to what i recall ADD is definitely shown and readable upon the EEG though.

so is autism, and if a certain part of the brain is stimulated, according to a man who did a sleep study on me..... people become temporarily autistic.

furthermore there is neurofeedback therapy in which you are trained to pay attention by focusing on a game, this game corresponds to your brain structure and is used to strengthen various deficient areas.

from meditating, i can really think that people can have deficiencies in the ability to pay attention, by not practicing so enough..... for instance one may be able to visualize a symbol and SEE it in their head, holding complete unwavering focus.... one may not be able to see anything at all or even begin to be able to "visualize" and one may be able to vaguely see but struggle proficiently.

i'd imagine that we can set up huge patterns that carry enormous momentum, which dictate how much we pay attention to single things, vs whether we are tuned into the broad spectru.

for instance being stoned you may be more liable to notice subtle details and feel inclined to wholly ignore the whole..... perhaps if you are sitting in class you are naturally wired to pay more attention to the air conditioner, frequncy nuances of people's voices, conversations going on, the temperature.... than you are to follow a lecture.

and what of test taking? Some people can take tests while others are talking, some cannot focus at all... and what abou reading? If I am trying to read and the TV is on there is a good chance the TV overrides what my head is processing, and I cannot independently read and lose comprehension, the same goes for if people are having a conversation.

cannot some people sit down with a book and read it even in the midst of such distractions?

the human brain is a very diverse thing, and perception and attention even moreso.

and you know what, even if i'm talking and someone suddenly starts speaking i lose focus of what i'm trying to say and their voice overrides me... one time at a protest we were chanting things and some car drove by and some guy yelled a counterchant... his counter chant completely threw me off and i didn't know what i was saying anymore.... whereas everyone else continued.

see...... such things can happen, and i'm sure in some way there are real attention deficits in some individuals, because they are wired to pay attention in different ways than the rest of us.


--------------------
I am the MacDaddy of Heimlich County, I play it Straight Up Yo!

....I embrace my desire to feel the rhythm, to feel connected enough to step aside and weep like a widow, to feel inspired, to fathom the power, to witness the beauty, to bathe in the fountain, to swing on the spiral of our divinity and still be a human......
Om Namah Shivaya, I tell you What!


Edited by leery11 (08/02/06 10:09 AM)


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Invisiblebadchad
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD [Re: leery11]
    #5925043 - 08/02/06 11:05 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

Inevitably, one will never be able to "definetively" prove a cause and effect relationship between an abnormality and any type of psychological disorder. Why? because if a hypothesis were correct, it would be unethical to cause a psychological disorder in an otherwise healthy individual.

Instead, correlations are often made. For instance, a recent studying using MRI to show changes in grey and white matter in brains of childern with ADHD compared to normal controls.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query...l=pubmed_docsum

And if you perform a pubmed literature search you will find many studies of this type.

In fact, searching with the keyword "ADHD" yields 10791 studies. Many of which support the theory of a "chemical imbalance" being involved in behaviors such as ADHD.

In sum, you have thousands of peer-reviewed articles which support a biochemical basis of ADHD. Considering this wealth of information your counterclaim of:

"It's just all in your head and not real", isn't overly convincing either.


--------------------
...the whole experience is (and is as) a profound piece of knowledge.  It is an indellible experience; it is forever known.  I have known myself in a way I doubt I would have ever occurred except as it did.

Smith, P.  Bull. Menninger Clinic (1959) 23:20-27; p. 27.

...most subjects find the experience valuable, some find it frightening, and many say that is it uniquely lovely.

Osmond, H.  Annals, NY Acad Science (1957) 66:418-434; p.436


Edited by badchad (08/02/06 11:16 AM)


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OfflineSneezingPenis
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD [Re: badchad]
    #5925619 - 08/02/06 02:27 PM (17 years, 5 months ago)

look, I didn't add any spin to this quote except the use of bold to highlight the parts of the quote, which quote people like APA officials, DEA officials, and other doctors.

How can you claim, in the beginning of your post, that there is no way to prove the cause and effect, yet in the end of your post, you claim that there are thousands of peer reviewed articles and studies available..... even though last night, I spent over 2 hours researching facts regarding ADHD, ADD, depression,big pharma, and the FDA, and failed to ever see one definitive, reliable source that went beyond just merely saying "ADHD is a disease, and is affecting your child".

How can you say there is science behind something, when its own parent organization has said on multiple occasions that there is.. "...no laboratory tests that have been established as diagnostic” for “Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.”"?


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Invisiblebadchad
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD [Re: SneezingPenis]
    #5925825 - 08/02/06 03:35 PM (17 years, 5 months ago)

It is likely there will never be a direct cause and effect because its a matter of "Chicken or the egg".

For instance, look at the study I posted above. In a nutshell, they used MRI to find structural brain abnormalities in children with ADHD (e.g. "Gray and white matter volume deficits").

Now, lets pretend that in future studies, they ALWAYS find "gray matter deficits" in children with ADHD, but not normal children. Even if this were definetively proven you would be faced with the question:

"Does ADHD CAUSE those structural abnormalities?" (perhaps they are some sort of compensatory change). Or "Do the abnormalities CAUSE ADHD?" (e.g. the abnormalities cause ADHD, rather than become the result of it).

This is why the majority of "studies" find "associations" between a chemical imbalance/structural abnormalities/genetic linkage and a disorder. Although it's just my opinion, you are correct in saying there is no "definitive" cause of ADHD, and there is no objective test for it......at present (this may certainly change).

The quotes you posted above are also correct, such as:
“...as yet no distinctive pathophysiology for the disorder has been delineated.”
“The reason why you have been unable to obtain any articles or studies presenting clear and confirming evidence of a physical or chemical abnormality associated with ADHD is that there is none.”

The reason for this is simple: The brain is extremely complex. Imagine it as a machine with millions of moving parts, and all need to work together in unison. With the current limitations of science, it is only feasible to study one part at a time. Even if one part is "broken" or associated with a mood disorder, it's impossible to tell what happens "down the line" or what happens as a result of it. Perhaps that same "down the line" final result occurs when either parts 1,2 and 3 are "broken" which would account for why you don't "always" find an association with a disease.

In sum: these disorders are so complex it's highly unlikely you will EVER find a "single definitive cause" for their occurrence.

As far as sources and studies are concerned, the most reliable, and most current studies are found on pubmed. Pubmed is not a resource for the general public, or "lay person".

Science works in very small increments or "baby steps". While a single paper or publication (examining a single "part" of the brain) is not evidence for a definitive cause or association, the sum (well over 1,000 publications) do in fact suggest it is more than simple "mind over matter".


--------------------
...the whole experience is (and is as) a profound piece of knowledge.  It is an indellible experience; it is forever known.  I have known myself in a way I doubt I would have ever occurred except as it did.

Smith, P.  Bull. Menninger Clinic (1959) 23:20-27; p. 27.

...most subjects find the experience valuable, some find it frightening, and many say that is it uniquely lovely.

Osmond, H.  Annals, NY Acad Science (1957) 66:418-434; p.436


Edited by badchad (08/02/06 03:57 PM)


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OfflineSneezingPenis
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD [Re: badchad]
    #5926027 - 08/02/06 04:48 PM (17 years, 5 months ago)

that was a really good post badchad.

First, some clarification regarding EEG's: an EEG can only measure the activity of large groups of neurons. So it isnt very precise, and even with EEG triangulation, it is quite vague and cannot zero in on highly specific area of the brain, and especially cannot make a distinction between other voltage interference from external sources, or other areas of the brain.
It is much like using a very old metal detector... it can tell you that there is metal down there, yet not what type, or exactly where.


but lets look at this matter as a whole now, in regards to the entire human race, as well as the american population afflicted with ADHD in comparison to the rest of the world.

we have reached a statistic in the United states alone that 1 in 4 children is supposedly afflicted with ADHD. I think we can all agree that no two brains are exactly alike, even within strict geneological lines or across tight ethnic cliques.
What exactly constitutes a genetic abberation? I would think that something which affects a quarter of the population of a testable group doesn't really warrant a label of "abnormal". I am willing to bet that if you EEG'd a large test group of children, with and wthout ADHD, and measured 4 different areas of the brain, atleast 99% of all those children would be grouped into some "abnormal" brain group.
If one were to look at the correlation between the amount of money spent of lobbying and advertising by Big Pharm and the number of people diagnosed with ADHD in that country, you would find a perfectly parallel statistical graph. I think that alone shows how much influence and persuasion has, as well as cultural standards of "sanity" and "normalcy" has upon diagnosis of ADHD.

is it possible that our society and the rules/confines it has set for normalcy and sanity are impractical when compared to actual human behaviour tested across all cultures?
if this were true, then it would be safe to say that there is no such abnormality such as ADHD, unless set into the confines of the American societal norms?

See, many of you are clinging to the delusion that our society and all of its wonderous modern medical technology and knowledge has created a correct model of macro-human behaviour, and anything which isn't in accordance with this model is an abnormality. When in fact it is the discrepency between a correct model of macro-human behaviour in which the "problem" of ADHD becomes apparent.

(on a side note, that is the best explanation I have ever given of my stance on this issue. i am proud of myself.)


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InvisibleMushmanTheManic
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: SneezingPenis]
    #5927638 - 08/03/06 01:29 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

Undoubtedly, the overdiagnosis of ADHD is mostly due to the fact that it is measured by Parent Rating Scales and Teacher Rating Scales. In other words, the doctor doesn't even have to see the subject to diagnose him/her with ADHD! The Doc just needs a survey to be completed. :blush:

The noradrenergic system is associated with attention, alertness, vigilence, etc, and a dysfunctional noradrenergic system is probably the best candidate for the cause of ADHD. (If it turns out to truly be a disease.)


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OfflineSneezingPenis
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: MushmanTheManic]
    #5927650 - 08/03/06 01:41 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

but until then we are perfectly ok with giving toddlers schedule 2 drugs.

Can anyone come up with any figure or statistic which shows how much money has been spent, by anyone, to find a cure for ADHD/ADD/depression/bi-polar/anxiety?


Im glad that you have trust in the very people who are profitting from this to truly investigate and put an end to the very things which they created and not continue to sit on their hands hoping no one will notice it and continue to take the expensive designer drugs.
Go back to sleep, your missing the American Dream.


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Invisiblezorbman
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: SneezingPenis]
    #5927731 - 08/03/06 03:22 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

Medicine today is driven by the desire to sell drugs. If they can find a name for it they call it a disease and market a drug to attenuate that symptom. When that drug causes a side effect they push another drug to nip that in the bud. And so on.. The goal is not to get you well, but to line their pockets with your money.

RLS (Restless Leg Syndrome) is the one that really cracks me up. If your legs are restless guess what?? Your body is trying to tell you to get off your ass and exercise your freakin legs!!


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“The crisis takes a much longer time coming than you think, and then it happens much faster than you would have thought.”  -- Rudiger Dornbusch


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InvisibleStickyWater
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: zorbman]
    #5930809 - 08/04/06 08:49 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)



Edited by StickyWater (04/29/08 01:22 PM)


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Invisiblezorbman
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: StickyWater]
    #5935557 - 08/05/06 10:05 PM (17 years, 5 months ago)

??


--------------------
“The crisis takes a much longer time coming than you think, and then it happens much faster than you would have thought.”  -- Rudiger Dornbusch


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Offlinemajortom
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: zorbman]
    #5936140 - 08/06/06 02:53 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

hey hey hey we are missing the point -- if theres no adhd then how am i supposed to get a tasty scrip for addrall XRs ?? hmm?


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InvisibleZen Peddler
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: SneezingPenis]
    #5936293 - 08/06/06 06:35 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

Im inclined to agree with the MD, but his argument is pretty flawed. Just because they havent been able to identify an abnormality does not mean that there isnt one there.
Look at Chronic Fatigue Syndrome as an example - lots of people have it yet they cant discern a cause.
The reason depression and ADHD are such popular diagnosis lie in the promotional and gifts provided to doctors who prescribe SSRIs and ritalin large scale.


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OfflineSneezingPenis
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: Zen Peddler]
    #5939615 - 08/07/06 01:43 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

So, whenever we have a problem, which appears to us to be an abberation from the standard model of american normalcy and sanity, we can just make up a syndrome/disease/disorder to justify its existence?


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OfflineRRRR
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: SneezingPenis]
    #5968962 - 08/16/06 09:34 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

They aren't "making up" anything, they have a long list of possible causes. They just aren't sure which are to be held more responsible for the disorder than others.

After writing several essays on the subject, and doing much research, I am confident it exists. It complies fully with the guidelines provided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Here are some possible causes:

Possible causes

The exact cause of ADHD remains unknown, but there is no shortage of speculation concerning its etiology [10], most of which centers around the brain. The cerebellum in particular has been shown to be smaller in the brains of those with this disorder.[11] Another possible culprit is a region in the middle or medial aspect of the frontal lobe, known as the anterior cingulate cortex division.[12] The source of these differences is not yet known, but a couple of theories have been presented.
[edit]

Hereditary dopamine deficiency

Research suggests that ADHD arises from a combination of various genes, many of which have something to do with dopamine transporters.[13] Suspect genes include the 10-repeat allele of the DAT1 gene,[14] the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene,[15] and the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene (DBH TaqI).[16] Additionally, SPECT scans found people with ADHD to have reduced blood circulation,[17] and a significantly higher concentration of dopamine transporters in the striatum which is in charge of planning ahead.[18]
[edit]

Diet

It has long been suggested that ADHD could be the result of a nutritional problem. Recent studies have begun to find metabolic differences in these children, indicating that an inability to handle certain elements of one's diet might contribute to the development of ADHD, or at least ADHD-like symptoms. For example, in 1990 the English chemist, Neil Ward, [19] showed that children with ADHD lose zinc when exposed to a food dye. Some studies suggest that a lack of fatty acids, specifically omega-3 fatty acids can trigger the development of ADHD. Support for this theory comes from findings that children who are breastfed for six or more months seem to be less likely to have ADHD than their bottlefed counterparts and until very recently, infant formula did not contain any omega-3 fatty acids at all.[20] Time and futher investigation will perhaps tell whether this correlation is reliable or merely a coincidence.

Despite the uncertainty of nutrition as a cause of ADHD it does play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. Certain dietary issues, most commonly a moderate to severe protein deficiency, can cause symptoms consistent with ADHD. [citation needed]
[edit]

External Factors

There is no compelling evidence that social factors, alone, can create ADHD. (However, see discussion of parental role in section below) The few environmental factors implicated fall in the realm of biohazards including alcohol, tobacco smoke, and lead poisoning. Allergies (including those to artificial additives)[21] as well as complications during pregnancy and birth--including premature birth--might also play a role.
[edit]

Smoking during pregnancy

It has been observed that women who smoke while pregnant are more likely to have children with ADHD.[22]. Nicotine is known to cause hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in the uterus, which could lead to brain damage in the unborn child. Smoking could therefore play a major role in the child's development of the disorder prior to birth.
[edit]

Head injuries

Head injuries may cause a person to present with ADHD-like symptoms, possibly because of damage done to the patient's frontal lobes. Because symptoms were attributable to brain damage, earliest designations for ADHD was "Minimal Brain Damage". [23]


--------------------
Now when He was asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, He answered them and said, "The kingdom of God does not come with observation; nor will they say, 'See here!' or 'See there!' For indeed, the kingdom of God is within you." Luke 17:20-21 (New King James Version)


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OfflineRedNucleus
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: SneezingPenis]
    #5969162 - 08/16/06 11:10 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

bottom line is i think it's all about training the brain. trained or untrained to concentrate. one of the elementary school classes should be how to use your brain and think clearly and concentrate.


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Namaste


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InvisibleZen Peddler
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: RedNucleus]
    #5970658 - 08/16/06 07:27 PM (17 years, 5 months ago)

If it were that easy i think it never would have been diagnosed as a disorder.
I reckon its probably more like a phenotype of human genetics - not so much a disorder, but a phenotype that is ill equiped to deal with the modern human condition of sitting for long periods and maintaining concentration.


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OfflineSneezingPenis
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Re: No science or proof behind ADHD as a biologic/organic syndrome or disease [Re: RRRR]
    #5971955 - 08/17/06 02:17 AM (17 years, 5 months ago)

Quote:

RRRR said:
They aren't "making up" anything, they have a long list of possible causes. They just aren't sure which are to be held more responsible for the disorder than others.

After writing several essays on the subject, and doing much research, I am confident it exists. It complies fully with the guidelines provided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.




How about doing some study as to what these guidelines were based on, and who wrote them. It is quite funny. Bunch of "leading" neurophysicians and such sitting around basically marking shit off a checklist.... "hmmmm, who here thinks homosexuality is a disease?"..." the Aye's have it! now homosexuality is a disease".


Quote:

Here are some possible causes:

Possible causes

The exact cause of ADHD remains unknown, but there is no shortage of speculation concerning its etiology [10], most of which centers around the brain. The cerebellum in particular has been shown to be smaller in the brains of those with this disorder.[11] Another possible culprit is a region in the middle or medial aspect of the frontal lobe, known as the anterior cingulate cortex division.[12] The source of these differences is not yet known, but a couple of theories have been presented.
[edit]




I have already addressed this issue in this thread I believe.
1) correlation does not denote cause and effect.
2) exactly how did the Modern standard model of a "normal" and "sane" human brain come to exist for which to test these "abnormalities" against?


Quote:

Hereditary dopamine deficiency

Research suggests that ADHD arises from a combination of various genes, many of which have something to do with dopamine transporters.[13] Suspect genes include the 10-repeat allele of the DAT1 gene,[14] the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene,[15] and the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene (DBH TaqI).[16] Additionally, SPECT scans found people with ADHD to have reduced blood circulation,[17] and a significantly higher concentration of dopamine transporters in the striatum which is in charge of planning ahead.[18]
[edit]




once again, this does not in any way denote a CAUSE. You would think people so hell bent on touting their reputations as scientists would atleast hold up the rules of scientific research and not act upon speculation through correlating events.
Is there any other genetic mutation on a mass level of the population that you can think of which could manifest in under 30 years? because I hope you don't think ADD has been around for centuries.... oh, it existed, but we didn't notice it.... then wouldn't that denote something more along the lines of a mutation in society and its standards?


Quote:

Diet

It has long been suggested that ADHD could be the result of a nutritional problem. Recent studies have begun to find metabolic differences in these children, indicating that an inability to handle certain elements of one's diet might contribute to the development of ADHD, or at least ADHD-like symptoms. For example, in 1990 the English chemist, Neil Ward, [19] showed that children with ADHD lose zinc when exposed to a food dye. Some studies suggest that a lack of fatty acids, specifically omega-3 fatty acids can trigger the development of ADHD. Support for this theory comes from findings that children who are breastfed for six or more months seem to be less likely to have ADHD than their bottlefed counterparts and until very recently, infant formula did not contain any omega-3 fatty acids at all.[20] Time and futher investigation will perhaps tell whether this correlation is reliable or merely a coincidence.




I love how all of these studies that find correlations between the maternal behaviour towards children with and without ADHD and have yet to ever attempt to rationalize the possibility that these maternal behaviours are indicitive of shitty parenting in regards to our current societal standards, which IMO would be a better explanation of detachment from societal standards such as tedious and useless emphasis upon ranked intelligence (grades).
Is it also not plausible that the modern toddler/teen diet consists of almost completely processed, dyed, and basically "fake" food could be the culprit?
"I dont know why little Johnny won't stop bouncing off the walls after his dinner of Easy Mac and Sunkist?".





Quote:

External Factors

There is no compelling evidence that social factors, alone, can create ADHD. (However, see discussion of parental role in section below) The few environmental factors implicated fall in the realm of biohazards including alcohol, tobacco smoke, and lead poisoning. Allergies (including those to artificial additives)[21] as well as complications during pregnancy and birth--including premature birth--might also play a role.
[edit]



this would almost make sense if not every single one of these biohazards had not been around atleast 3 times as long as the creation of ADHD.

Quote:

Smoking during pregnancy

It has been observed that women who smoke while pregnant are more likely to have children with ADHD.[22]. Nicotine is known to cause hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in the uterus, which could lead to brain damage in the unborn child. Smoking could therefore play a major role in the child's development of the disorder prior to birth.
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Hmmm.... even in the early 1900's when almost every single persons mom smoked through their pregnancy because the dangers were not yet known this ADHD epidemic didnt arise.
Now, if there is any motherly behaviour which I would find to be indicitive of "uncaring" or plain "shitty parenting", it would be not giving two shits enough about the wellfare of your child and being selfish enough to constantly indulge in smoking while pregnant.
I think if a study were done to find the correlation between mothers who smoked enough during pregnancy to cause potential damage and "shitty parenting", we would find a much better statistic leading to a possible cause of ADHD.


Quote:

Head injuries

Head injuries may cause a person to present with ADHD-like symptoms, possibly because of damage done to the patient's frontal lobes. Because symptoms were attributable to brain damage, earliest designations for ADHD was "Minimal Brain Damage". [23]




This is just stupid. For this to even be plausible, 1 in 4 children in America would have to have had head trauma prior to diagnosis.

Grasping at straws..... Look, im sure life would be a lot easier if every single personal flaw we had could be blamed upon genetic disorders, but that isn't the case. I see that we are slowly moving in that direction, til one day we can sell a cure for Assholism, Mamasboyitis, and Obnoxious When Drunk syndrome.

Like I have constantly said before, it is merely a discrepency between the model of normalcy which society has set forth and the true reality of human behaviour.
Is everyone supposed to be enthralled by math? is everyone supposed to be captivated by economics/history/triggonometry? is everyone supposed to have aptitude in these fields as well?

As you are raised and grow throughout your life, your perception of reality in constantly being molded, which in turn greatly affects your affinity towards certain subjects. You find a perceptual outlet which best suits you.... some people look at reality through a mathematical perception, some through a completely scientific perception, some through a religious perception... why? because at the time of adopting this perception it helped you make the most sense of everything, it was the most condusive to helping you grasp reality.
This is why there can be no accurate standard of testable sanity or normalcy: either that model becomes a jack-of-all-trades type perception, like we have now, or becomes rooted/biased in one of the other thousands of possible perceptions.


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