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mjshroomer
Sage
Registered: 07/21/99
Posts: 13,774
Loc: gone with my shrooms
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Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera
#5424257 - 03/21/06 12:39 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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An exhaustive world revision of all names considered in the genus psilocybe s,1. is presented, of which the hallucinogenic species were treated with special emphasis. Seven hundred and eighteen names related to Psilocybe were found reported in the bibliography, of which 227 are accepted taxa in Psilocybe. The concept of the same genus followed here is that of Guzm?n 1983; therefore Hypholoma, Melanotus, and Stropharia were excluded. Moreover, 53 species of Psathyrella, many times related with Psilocybe, were also excluded. The hallucinogenic species are 144, which are distributed in all the continents, of which Latin America (including the Caribbae), has the top, with more than 50 species. There are only 22 species in Canada and the US, while Mexico is the country with the highest number in the world, with 53 species. Europe has only 16 species, Asia 15, Africa 4, and Australia and eastern islands 19.
Now remember that this does not include the 19 ofher genera which have psilocybian mushrooms in their families.
mj
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mattymonkey
Feel Like aStranger...


Registered: 11/07/04
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mjshroomer]
#5424561 - 03/21/06 08:41 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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great! im in mexico right now... ahh palenque.. guess ill go take a walk and look around....
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mjshroomer
Sage
Registered: 07/21/99
Posts: 13,774
Loc: gone with my shrooms
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mattymonkey]
#5425007 - 03/21/06 12:10 PM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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The above statement from me should read as 11 other families. Not 19 other families.
As for Mexico, the majority of those shrooms are fouond int he mountane regions of Oaxaca. And Rainy season is from June through August,
While cubes are common in and arouond Palenque, you would beed rain for them to appear out of season, but it is possible that some cubes are there now?
mj
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eris
underground


Registered: 11/17/98
Posts: 48,024
Loc: North East, USA
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mjshroomer]
#5426550 - 03/21/06 06:06 PM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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Interesting.
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Zen Peddler


Registered: 06/18/01
Posts: 6,379
Loc: orbit
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mjshroomer]
#5427851 - 03/21/06 10:21 PM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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this whole revision is a waste of time unless it consists of RNA studies and isozyme analysis. As you yourself stated not that long ago - eventually the whole family will have its named changed anyway - so only then will we get an idea of how many species there really are. As we all know Guzman delineated species based on soe very small minor microscopic cystidia differences - differences that should have delineated Panaeolus cyanescens into atleast 8 different entities. Im sure had the Psilocybe genus not have been active there would be about 30 species because no one would take the time to publish this variety of species.
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mjshroomer
Sage
Registered: 07/21/99
Posts: 13,774
Loc: gone with my shrooms
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: Zen Peddler]
#5429105 - 03/22/06 09:00 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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Blue Meanie, Guzm?n has nothing to do with the genera Panaeolus or Copelandia.
Ad as for DNA studies, I am currently working on one which includes P. semilanceata, P. antioquensis, P. mexicana, and P. samuiensis. The paper also includes chemical analysis and culticvation with many SEM photos.
mj
mj
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mattymonkey
Feel Like aStranger...


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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mjshroomer]
#5429288 - 03/22/06 09:56 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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lets hope so... theres folks(locals) in the jungle sellin some actives on the side of the road on the way to the ruinas... dried but they dont look like cubes.. ill take a walk, i had a dream last night i found some in some manure, they werent cubes.. it was a neat dream, lets see if it will manifest....
-------------------- "listening for the secret.. searching for the sound.."
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Zen Peddler


Registered: 06/18/01
Posts: 6,379
Loc: orbit
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mjshroomer]
#5436944 - 03/24/06 01:31 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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Im glad Guzman has nothing to do with panaeolus - otherwise we'd have eight different pan cyanescens that he has decided are different species. As for your study - there is a university study taking place in england that is attempting to map the entire genus - and I know that Stamets was personally corresponding with these people.
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mjshroomer
Sage
Registered: 07/21/99
Posts: 13,774
Loc: gone with my shrooms
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: Zen Peddler]
#5437403 - 03/24/06 07:26 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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Blue Meanie,
The study we are doing is comprative analysis and DNA sequencing og the southeast Asian species, Psilocybe samuiensis and Psilocybe antioquensis and their genetic relationship between them and Psilocybe mexicana,
Both of the species I found in Thailand and Cambodia (respectively), are directly related to the Mexican mycoflora and are the first onces found outside of Mexico which are directly related to their Mexican cousins.
Because of their macroscopically somewhat similar to Psilcoybe mexicana, we grew some in the lab, analysed them and scanned them so we have the SEM's and we have DNA sequencing.
Anyway, have a shroomy day,
mj mj
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Zen Peddler


Registered: 06/18/01
Posts: 6,379
Loc: orbit
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mjshroomer]
#5442449 - 03/25/06 09:58 PM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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From what i thought Psilocybe makarorae was determined to be similar to Ps.zapotecorum.
Anyway, looks interesting, although as ive previously stated, the study in the UK was attempting to map firstly all of the Ps.cyanescens family- with surprising results - such as a reintroduction to the UK of a super-strain of cyanescens that was possibly re-introduced from the US. Last i heard the work would attempt to encompass the majority of major psilocybes species.
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Strophariaceae
mycologist


Registered: 02/02/04
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Loc: Marvelous Marin County, C...
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: mjshroomer]
#5442765 - 03/26/06 12:12 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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I'm monographing all of the species of Psilocybe for California, and I expect to add at least 2 or 3 more names to the literature by the time I'm done. As people look more closely at local populations that they thought were synonymous with prior species from, for example, Europe or the Pacific Northwest, clear species-level differences are sometimes found and new species are named. That's an inevitable result of close taxonomic investigation.
Keep in mind that how many species there are depends to a large extent on how you define "Psilocybe", and there are several competing definitions of "Psilocybe" floating around right now. Psilocybe sensu Singer and Guzman is the one that most people use. (I should note that Guzman accepted a few species in the Stropharia percevalii/S. squamosa group as Psilocybe, while Singer and most other authors consider these "Stropholoma" to be closer to Stropharia and Hypholoma.) Psilocybe sensu Noordeloos lumps in all dark-spored members of the Strophariaceae, including Stropharia, Hypholoma, and Melanotus, so there would be over 1000 species by that count. Note that not many people accept Noordeloos' lumping, but you will occasionally see his names in print - "Psilocybe fasciculare" rather than "Hypholoma fasciculare", for example.
Molecular biology, on the other hand, has separated Psilocybe sensu Singer into the clades [/psilocybe] and [/psychedelia] - so far, these groups only have cladistic names; formal renaming into Linnaean taxa is awaiting further study. Clade [/psilocybe] is the non-bluing Psilocybe and Melanotus. Since this group contains the type species (Psilocybe montana), this clade will be the basis for a newly-defined genus Psilocybe. Clade [/psychedelia], which includes all of the species we discuss here, is clearly its own genus (its clearly not a sister group to [/psilocybe]), and will be segregated out into a genus of its own some time in the next several years.
Peter
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Zen Peddler


Registered: 06/18/01
Posts: 6,379
Loc: orbit
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Re: Just How Many Psilocybe Mushrooms Are There in the Genera [Re: Zen Peddler]
#5449756 - 03/28/06 12:55 AM (17 years, 10 months ago) |
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Correction - Ps.aucklandii closely resembles Ps.zapotecorum -
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