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Alan Rockefeller
Mycologist

Registered: 03/10/07
Posts: 48,266
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Domestication through clandestine cultivation constrained genetic diversity in magic mushrooms relative to naturalized populatio 9
#28570243 - 12/05/23 05:17 PM (1 month, 22 days ago) |
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Domestication through clandestine cultivation constrained genetic diversity in magic mushrooms relative to naturalized populations
Highlights: • Magic mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis) have genetic signatures of domestication • Cultivars are closely related and have low allelic diversity and low heterozygosity • Naturalized populations in Australia have comparatively higher levels of diversity • Psilocybe cubensis has a tetrapolar mating-compatibility system
Summary: Fungi that are edible or fermentative were domesticated through selective cultivation of their desired traits. Domestication is often associated with inbreeding or selfing, which may fix traits other than those under selection, and causes an overall decrease in heterozygosity. A hallucinogenic mushroom, Psilocybe cubensis, was domesticated from its niche in livestock dung for production of psilocybin. It has caused accidental poisonings since the 1940s in Australia, which is a population hypothesized to be introduced from an unknown center of origin. We sequenced genomes of 38 isolates from Australia and compared them with 86 genomes of commercially available cultivars to determine (1) whether P. cubensis was introduced to Australia, and (2) how domestication has impacted commercial cultivars. Our analyses of genome-wide SNPs and single-copy orthologs showed that the Australian population is naturalized, having recovered its effective population size after a bottleneck when it was introduced, and it has maintained relatively high genetic diversity based on measures of nucleotide and allelic diversity. In contrast, domesticated cultivars generally have low effective population sizes and hallmarks of selfing and clonal propagation, including low genetic diversity, low heterozygosity, high linkage disequilibrium, and low allelic diversity of mating-compatibility genes. Analyses of kinship show that most cultivars are founded from related populations. Alleles in the psilocybin gene cluster are identical across most cultivars of P. cubensis with low diversity across coding sequence; however, unique allelic diversity in Australia and some cultivars may translate to differences in biosynthesis of psilocybin and its analogs.
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)01460-4
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DuderTudor
Newcomer


Registered: 11/03/23
Posts: 37
Last seen: 18 days, 1 hour
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Re: Domestication through clandestine cultivation constrained genetic diversity in magic mushrooms relative to naturalized po... [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
#28570258 - 12/05/23 05:27 PM (1 month, 22 days ago) |
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That was an interesting read, it appeared that the findings are analogous with any domesticated crop. But seeing the sequencing was so freakin' cool!
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Tiamo
Trust in LITFA




Registered: 04/07/16
Posts: 1,935
Loc: Amsterdam
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Re: Domestication through clandestine cultivation constrained genetic diversity in magic mushrooms relative to naturalized po... [Re: DuderTudor]
#28572425 - 12/07/23 06:22 AM (1 month, 20 days ago) |
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Quote:
Psilocybe cubensis has a tetrapolar mating-compatibility system
Can you explain what this means?
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If you have used a Miraculix Psilocybin QTest, could you please share your results? Shipping free Ps. natalensis spore prints to any address in The Netherlands, just
Mush love
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Eclipse3130
Servant of the Fungi



Registered: 10/06/13
Posts: 6,220
Loc: PNW
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Re: Domestication through clandestine cultivation constrained genetic diversity in magic mushrooms relative to naturalized po... [Re: Tiamo] 1
#28572615 - 12/07/23 09:45 AM (1 month, 20 days ago) |
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What this basically means is commercial crop of cubes, similarly to commercial cannabis - is being isolated for psilocybin production and losing its genetic diversity as it continues to be isolated.
This could lead to a similar issue in cannabis where THC production overpowers the natural synergy of other minor compounds, robustness to environmental stressors and other genetic deterioration factors.
I'm not sure this is a real issue at least not yet within Cubensis, but it could lead to a loss of other minor compounds, including mao inhibitors. I'm not sure if this would eventually lead to necessarily a problem though, as not enough research has been done to show the complete benefit of the full spectrum of compounds vs isolated psilocybin
-------------------- "In The Material World One seeks retirement and grows Old In The Magical World One seeks Enlightenment and grows Wiser In The Miraculous World One seeks nothing and grows Lighter As we all tread the Homeward Path we will explore many Realms And one day... we will all Realize that all experiences are Simply Different ways in which The All-That Is Perceives Itself"
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