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Offlinemycot
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Psilocybin Biosynthesis and Genomics * 1
    #27970133 - 09/27/22 03:36 AM (1 year, 3 months ago)

Not long ago while researching Gymnopilus dilepis, I stumbled upon a bunch of inter-related papers, (references to each others papers frequent) on psilocybin biosynthesis and genomics. Developments of this field of research, being completely new to me, blew me away and though I understood only a fraction of the material in these papers, I also immediately saw their great importance.

Alan presented the third paper in this series here a couple years ago, though I missed it at the time. Other than that I haven't seen much material here on the subject. I'm presenting these papers more or less in the order they might best be perused, though I came across the last paper first. Without further ado and for what it's worth, these are the papers and the abstract for the first paper.

Fricke, J. et al. Enzymatic synthesis of psilocybin. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 12352–12355
DOI :10.1002/anie.201705489

Abstract: Psilocybin is the psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product of Psilocybe carpophores,the so-called “magic mushrooms”. Although its structure has been known for 60 years,the enzymatic basis of its biosynthesis has remained obscure.We characterized four psilocybin biosynthesis enzymes,namely i) PsiD,which represents anew class of fungal l-tryptophan decarboxylases,ii) PsiK, which catalyzes the phosphotransfer step ,iii )the methyltransferase PsiM, catalyzing iterative N-methyl transfer as the terminal biosyn-thetic step ,and iv) PsiH, amonooxygenase.In a combined PsiD/PsiK/PsiM reaction, psilocybin was synthesized enzy-matically in a step-economic route from 4-hydroxy-l-trypto-phan. Given the renewed pharmaceutical interest in psilocybin, our results may lay the foundation for its biotechnological production.

Fricke, J. et al; Production options for psilocybin: Making of the magic. Chem. Eur. J. 2019, 25, 897–903.
DOI :10.1002/chem.201802758

Ali R. Awan et al; Convergent evolution of psilocybin biosynthesis by psychedelic mushrooms. 2018
Convergent Evolution Pdf Link

Reynolds, H.T. et al; Horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity. Evol. lett. 2018, 2, 88–101.
DOI :10.1002/evl3.42

Sen Yao et al; Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Regulate Psilocybin Biosynthesis in Gymnopilus dilepis Mushroom via Amino Acid Metabolism Pathways. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 870.
DOI :10.3390/jof8080870


Edited by mycot (09/27/22 05:19 AM)


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OfflineEclipse3130
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Re: Psilocybin Biosynthesis and Genomics [Re: mycot]
    #27970353 - 09/27/22 09:18 AM (1 year, 3 months ago)



:smile: :mushroom2:

It's still not widely known, especially not much traffic through advanced mycology.

Cubensis are well understood, they appear to only produce Psilocybin from precursor tryptamines and enzyme synthesis, Psilocin can be recatalyzed into Psilocybin while growing, and Psilocin in the dried material is the result of degradation.

Other species like Pan Cyans have been shown to produce Psilocin independently


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Offlinederkdigggler
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Re: Psilocybin Biosynthesis and Genomics [Re: mycot]
    #28246715 - 03/25/23 08:44 PM (9 months, 29 days ago)

https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1987090

Have you read this one yet? 500$ setup and even explains it in detail for homebrew conditions.The study doesn't account or explain the extraction/purification difficulty or cost though.


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Offlinetholos
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Re: Psilocybin Biosynthesis and Genomics [Re: derkdigggler]
    #28248855 - 03/27/23 07:20 AM (9 months, 27 days ago)

Quote:

derkdigggler said:
https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1987090

Have you read this one yet? 500$ setup and even explains it in detail for homebrew conditions.The study doesn't account or explain the extraction/purification difficulty or cost though.





Great paper. Thank you


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Offlinederkdigggler
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Re: Psilocybin Biosynthesis and Genomics [Re: tholos]
    #28250855 - 03/28/23 10:51 AM (9 months, 26 days ago)

No problem, if anyone understands this a bit more than me feel free to message or post here. BTW thanks to everyone here for spreading knowledge.


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