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OfflineHindsight
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Experiments growing trich * 37
    #28096294 - 12/13/22 05:16 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

I performed these experiments to see if I could learn and share anything about trich that would help us better understand how and why it seems to contaminate some grows. The current consensus seems to be that since we spawn and then fruit tubs in the open, and since trich spores are in the air and all around us on surfaces etc, healthy mycelium not infected with other contaminates and setup in ideal conditions can defend against trich. Yet some people seem to have nothing but problems with trich, tub after tub, even if they feel they are following all the best practices and have healthy spawn. Others have no issues with trich until it suddenly starts appearing all the time. 

I try to be as scientific as possible, however, tests with trich are difficult because of all the variables involved. Examples include the cube culture I tested with, the trich spore load I introduced, the spawn ratios, and the environment I tested in. Many things were learned in all these tests that will help people rule out some vectors, but more testing is needed. I plan to continue the testing and post updates here.

I use the term "cube mycelium" here to refer to all active cultures that we grow, not just Cubensis. I have run some of these tests with cube mycelium and some with Subtropicalis mycelium. I could also add Pan Cyan mycelium in the future, as well as do some side by side tests of one species or genus vs another.

Lastly, if you have any hypotheses for additional tests to add to the list, please post them here.

I obtained a clean culture of trich by gently swabbing a tub that had a trich bloom in it and streaking it onto a plate. I then transferred clean growth from the germination plate to a clean culture plate and stored that as my source plate for these tests.






Plate Test #1:
Question(s): How fast does trich grow on agar, what does it look like, and how long does it take to sporulate?
Test Results:
I put my T1 trich transfer to agar on 8/27 at 10am.

8/28 9am:


8/28 9pm:


8/29 10am:


8/29 9pm:


8/30 10am:


8/30 10pm:


8/31 3pm:


Trich mycelium looks a bit different on agar. It is thinner, flatter, and more transparent. Trich is a genus though, and there are many species of trich within that genus and probably variation within each species (just like cubes). Examples include T. longibrachiatum, T. flavofuscum, and T. harzianum to name just a few. I believe T. harzianum is the most common infector of mushrooms. So the photos of this trich culture may look different from species to species and culture to culture, but I feel it is a good indicator in general.

Based on these timelines, you can see trich grows much faster than cube mycelium.


Plate Test #2:
Question(s): Can cube mycelium defend against trich mycelium?
Answer:
I inoculated a plate with a clean transfer of cubensis mycelium and allowed it to grow about 7 days to get a head-start. I took a sterile swab in a SAB, touched it to trich spores on my trich source plate, then touched the swab to this cubensis plate opposite the cube culture on 8/31.

By 9/2 you could see substantial growth of the trich culture.


By 9/3 8am you could see the trich culture had exceeded the cube culture in size.


By 9/3 6pm, the trich culture had run into the cube culture and had begun to sporulate.




By 9/4, the trich culture had nearly surrounded the cube culture and green spores were just starting to appear. If you look at the center of the plate, you can see what looks like three different zones - one zone of pure cube mycelium, one zone where the cube and trich mycelium appear to overlap, and one zone of pure trich mycelium. It is difficult to know exactly what is happening in that middle zone; is the trich attaching to and feeding off the cube mycelium or are they merely overlapping? I may run a future test where I transfer from the center area and grow it out on a separate plate.






But for the next test in this series, I took a plug transfer from this plate dangerously close to the edge of the center area of overlap in what looks to be clean cube mycelium, and put that to a clean plate. I grew that plate out and no trich appeared on the plate, grain spawn, and did not appear in the tub when I fruited it. I did not take any photos of this because there was really nothing to see - just a good clean grow.



The original plate in this test continued to evolve, the area of overlap increased and the trich begain to actually sporulate on top of the cube mycelium.

9/7:






9/8:







What I take from this is that cubensis mycelium can defend against trich but it is more about slowing down the trich as opposed to defeating it and it is just a matter of time. One could argue that the defense could vary from one cube culture to another, with some having the ability to completely defend against the trich and or consume it. In order to test this, I would have to repeat the above tests on dozens of cube cultures and perhaps run these tests against dozens of different trich cultures too because various trich cultures may be more/less aggressive than others just like various cube cultures can be more/less aggressive than others. I may also test spore load.


Grain spawn test #1:
Question(s): What does trich mycelium look like on grain spawn, how fast does it grow, can cube mycelium defend against it?
Answer: To test this, I inoculated a clean jar of sterilized rye grain spawn with a cubensis culture from agar wedge and let it colonize about 5 days - long enough for some mycelium to be seen spreading into the grain span. Without shaking the jar, in a SAB I then used a sterile swab on my trich plate to pick up some trich spores and then touched the swab to a couple of uncolonized grains in the jar that were well away from the cubensis wedge. This was done on 10/5.





By 10/8 you can see substantial spread of the trich mycelium. It had colonized half the grain spawn jar by this point. Note the appearance of the trich mycelium. It is very thin and whispy. I actually missed it when I glanced at the jar casually and had to hold it up to the light to really see it. It would not be hard to miss if you weren't paying close attention.







One day later on 10/9, the trich had just begun sporulation even though it had not yet consumed 100% of the grain spawn.










On 10/10:




On 10/11, the spawn was colonized 100%, the density and appearance of the trich mycelium had increased substantially, and the sporulation was very heavy. Note that the cube mycelium was completely overrun.


You can see just how much faster trich grew on grain than the cube mycelium. The cube mycelium was completely overrun and didn't have a chance. This test suggests that concerns over introducing trich at the time of agar wedge transfer as the cause of a trich bloom in a tub are probably unwarranted. If trich gets in your jar, you are going to see it and it will work quickly.





Grain Spawn test #2:
Question(s): Can healthy cubensis grain spawn defend against trich added to it AFTER the cubensis culture had completely colonized the grains.
Answer: In the previous experiment, the trich spores were swabbed to sterile uncolonized grains. In this example I am allowing the cubensis culture to fully colonize the jar, and allowing the jar to consolidate for a few more days to really allow the cubensis culture to establish, and only then am I introducing trich spores to the jar. This means that the trich spores do not have uncolonized grain to get a foot-hold on before reaching the cubensis culture, and that the cubensis culture will theoretically be strong and well-developed and have the best chance at fighting off the trich culture which must germinate ON cubensis mycelium and/or on cubensis-colonized grains. I introduced trich spores to this jar in the same manner as the previous test, by using a sterile swab to the trich source plate then touching it in the jar this time onto mycelium and mycelium covered grains. It was a very small spot I touched the swab to - I did not streak it. The trich spores were introduced on 10/30.

Healthy cube grain spawn:


Trich swab:


Inoculating the spawn with a spot of trich spores:



I did not take photos of the progress until 11/8 but the only thing visible over the course of these 9 days was the formation of some yellow metabolites on a puffed-up area of Cube mycelium near where the trich spores were introduced. I interpret this as a stress response from the cubensis mycelium trying to fight off the trich which had likely germinated and begun its invasion. On 11/8 I opened the lid to observe and take photos. Here you can see the trich culture having colonized a small area and started sporulating, accompanied by more yellow metabolites from the cube mycelium. The amount of metabolites shown increased over time in this jar.





Note the spread of the trich culture was likely substantially slower in this jar than in the previous test, based on sporulation and what can be visibly seen. Theoretically the trich culture could be fully colonizing the jar while only sporulating in this single spot but I think that is highly unlikely. More likely is that the trich culture was mostly contained by the cubensis mycleium to the small area that can be seen in the photo and that the trich culture sporulated as quickly as it could to survive. But also note that despite full colonization of the cube culture, the trich spores still germinated, still grew, and still sporulated. Given enough time, it is likely the trich would have spread further across the jar.

As a followup test, given that only one area of the grains visually appeared to be colonized by the trich mycelium, I decided to spawn this trich-contaminated grain jar to a tub of clean pasteurized coir to see what would happen. The tub was spawned on 11/8.

On 11/10, trich had already appeared on the surface of the tub.




By 11/11, trich had covered a substantial portion of the surface of the tub and had sporulated. This was expected but I wanted to see how a very (visually) small area of trich impacted a tray grow. 48 hours is very fast for this trich growth.



Trich nutrition source and spore triggers test:
Question(s): Does trich require the mycelia of another organism to grow or sporulate?
Answer: No. In the variety of tests above, be it a plate or grains, trich can grow and will sporulate on the same nutrient sources as cube mycelium. It will attack and feed on cube mycelium but doesn't require it.



Substrate Test "B":
Question(s): Can healthy clean grain spawn defend against coir that has trich spores in it?
Answer: My method of testing was to grow a quart jar of clean cube grain spawn and allow it to reach full colonization. I then created two tubs of coir, and into ONE of the tubs I injected 1ml of trich spore solution that I made by touching a sterile swab to my trich source plate then swirling it into a 2ml vial of distilled water and drawing it up into a sterile syringe, all using sterile procedure. The other tub did not have trich spores added and will be referred to as the control tub. I then split the grain spawn jar in half and spawned half to the control tub and half to the trich-infested tub. My ratio of spawn to coir was 1:4 for this test. These trays were made on 11/8.







By 11/15, the clean tub remained clean and had colonized most of the surface.


The trich-spore tub had colonized most of the surface with cube mycelium but importantly note that unlike the clean tub, there were uncolonized areas, and there were also two very small areas of trich sporulation you can see in this photo:


A day later on 11/16, the trich had taken up a much larger area and was sporulating - this tub never fruited.


The clean tub was still clean:


The clean tub finished fruiting on 11/29 with no signs of trich:


This test didn't factor in the quantity of trich spores introduced, or different substrate:grain ratios. Perhaps a lower spore load would have allowed for a fruiting before the trich took over? Perhaps a different cube mycelium culture would have defended better or worse? Maybe a lower spawn ratio would have helped? Additional tests are needed/


Substrate Test "C":
Question(s): Does nutrients in coir increase contamination rate? For example, preparing the water for your coir in a container previously used to prepare grain, which may leave risidual nutrition?
Answer: My method of testing was to grow one quart jar of clean cube grain spawn and allow it to reach full colonization. I then created two tubs of coir, each had 2qts of coir with 1Tbs of grain water added. I then added 1ml of trich spore solution to ONE of the tubs. The other tub without trich spore solution was the control tub. I then divided the qt of clean grain spawn in half, and spawned one half to the control tub and one half to the trich tub, resulting in a 1:4 ratio. Tubs were spawned on 11/8.

On 11/16, both tubs had reached roughly full colonization.

On the tub with trich added, only a tiny spot of sporulating trich can be seen in the bottom left of the tub.


Here is the clean control tub on the same day. Do you notice any general differences between the control tub and the infected tub (aside from the obvious spot of trich blooming)?



On 11/23, the trich tub had broken out into a large trich infestation and the tub never fruited.


Here is the control tub on the same day:


And this control tub produced a nice flush of fruits on 12/1 with no sign of trich:


The conclusion I take from this is that a small amount of nutrients added to the coir, at a 1:4 spawn ratio, does not appear to be a guarantee for contamination. It may depend on the spore load in your growing area though.

Substrate Test "C-2":
Question(s): Will trich bloom in plain coir? Will trich bloom in core that has grain water added but no actual grains or cube mycelium?
Answer: My method was to prepare two pints of coir, pasteurize it, put 1 pint into one container and 1 pint into another container, add 0.5ml of trich spore solution to each container, then add 1 teaspoon of grain water to only one of the containers. I then put lids with a filter patchs on the containers and let them sit for 30 days.






After 30 days, the containers were opened and I didn't observe any trich mycelium or spores in either of them. It is possible that trich mycelium was growing in the coir but it wasn't visible to the naked eye due to the low amount of nutrients added to one of the containers, or perhaps it is just more difficult to see with the naked eye on coir vs a grain jar or agar. More testing is needed to see what quantity of nutrients is required for trich growth and ultimately sporulation - there must be a specific amount required.

As an additional test, once these containers had aged 30 days, I took a pint jar of clean grain spawn, divided it in half, and put half into each of the two containers. Just 3 days later, both containers were absolutely covered in sporulating trich.


It could be that the trich did germinate in the coir and did grow throughout the coir but there weren't enough nutrients for it to bloom, and once the grain spawn was added and provided a large nutrient source, the already-germinated and expanded trich mycelium was able to over-run the containers more quickly than in previous tests. The spore load may have also impacted the speed, given the lower quantity of coir in this test.


Substrate Pasteurization Temperature Test:
Question(s): What pasteurization temp and duration must be used to eliminate trich in a coir substrate?
Answer: My method of testing was to grow several quart jars of clean cube grain spawn and allow it to reach full colonization. Then the spawn mixed in ziploc bags (Fahtloc style) with coir that had been inoculated with trich and then pasteurized at one of several temperatures. Then I waited for the bags to either contaminate or fruit. Variety used was Rusty Whyte.


I loaded 7x, one-gallon ziploc bags with 1qt of hydrated coir each.





I then made up a trich spore solution from trich spores and distilled water, mixed well, then loaded up 2x syringes with the trich spore solution.






I then injected 2ml of trich spore solution into all but one ziploc bag. The bag without trich spore solution is the control bag.



I then mixed 1 pint of clean grain spawn into the clean, trich-free control bag.



I then pasteurized the remaining bags for 2 hours at different temperatures using sous vide and submersion of the bag by weights. The bags were flattened before putting into the water so core temp would equal water bath temp very quickly. The 2 hour timer is from moment of insertion. I would guess that it only took 15-20 mins maximum for core temp to equal water bath temp.
The different temps I pasteurized the bags at are as follows: None, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160.
After each bag was pasteurized, it was left to cool, still sealed, overnight, then 1 pint of clean grain spawn was added, the bag sealed, and shaken to mix. I never touched the spawn or coir with my gloved hands - just opened the bags and dumped the spawn in from a jar then sealed the bag.





I then poked holes in the bags with a needle, using a new needle for each bag to avoid cross-contamination.
The bags were then set on the counter to fruit.


2/6

13 days from spawning, the trich-infused bag that had not received pasteurization looked like this:








18 days from spawning, the trich-infused bag that had been pasteurized at 120F looked like this:







24 days from spawn, the remaining bags fruited with no sign of contamination. This includes the bags infused with trich and pasteurized at 130, 140, 150, and 160, as well as the bag that was not infused with trich. These bags are all pictured below. Not the best grow because I'd never done ziplocs before and looks like I didn't add enough holes. But good enough for the purposes of this test:

Clean bag:




130 Bag:




140 Bag:




150 Bag:




160 Bag:





Conclusion: Pasteurizing properly hydrated coir for 2 hours (~1.5 hours @ core temp) at 130F or higher will kill trich spores.






Backlog for future experiments:
  • Trich spore load tests: Test varying loads of trich spore introduction to tubs to see if spore load has an impact and what spore load may be acceptable for cubes to defend against. Create a trich spore solution then create additional vials using the serial dilution method to get vials that have progressively less and less trich spores in them. Mix each vial with a separate batch of coir, add healthy grain spawn to each and see if there is a dilution level that still contains some trich spores yet does not result in contamination of the tub.
  • Do the bacteria responsible for composting organic matter inhibit trich growth in a mushroom substrate, and does pasteurization impact the result? Make compost tea and use it to hydrate two separate bags of coir. The first bag will be pasteurized 2 hours @ 160F core temp and then used as mushroom substrate. The second bag will be used as-is (no pasteurization). Trich spore solution will be added to both bags.
  • Does stressed mycelium make it vulnerable to trich infection? This may be one of the most important tests, but also the most challenging tests to perform. There may be many stressors of mycelium, but I am not sure we know what all of them are. Certainly bacterial spawn is one stressor, other contaminates like various salts/chemicals in a substrate could be a stressor (but exactly what kinds are common?), fungal infections that might be more subtle and difficult to detect such as vert, etc are likely a stressor. Once spore load testing is complete and I have a rough guesstimate for how much of a spore load a tub can defend against, I would then begin the tests by creating a list of possible stressors, and testing them one at a time by spawning to two tubs, one with the defensible trich spore load and one that is clean (the control tub), then introduce a single stressor to both tubs and see what happens.
  • Repeat trich introduction to fully colonized grain spawn, this time making absolutely certain that only trich spores are added (as opposed to trich spores and potentially trich mycelium fragments as well). Harvest pure trich spores without mycelium by turning the trich plate upside down and tapping it on a hard surface, then swabbing the lid in a SAB.
  • Can trich live in your grain jar without visibly sporulating, waiting for its opportunity to sporulate in your tub? The last test showed that trich will overtake healthy grain spawn and will sporulate in a jar. But that was with trich introduced on top of the spawn. Repeat trich introduction to fully colonized grain spawn, this time injecting the spores with a sterile needle into the center of the grain spawn jar (instead of rubbing on top).
  • Determine exactly how much nutrient must exist in coir to support trich growth and sporulation
  • Test a variety of grain spawn preparation methods, then spawn each to coir with trich added in order to see if any of the grain preparation methods demonstrate a clear change in ability to slow down or eliminate trich contamination. The theory being that some grain prep methods may result in weaker or stressed mycelium even if the spawn appears "clean" to the eye. Key possibilities of cube mycelium strength inhibition could include germination or partial germination of the seeds causing enzymes that inhibit mycelium, bacterial fermentation producing bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance that inhibits mycelium (during a soak, or potentially occurring naturally in all grains during storage/transportation/harvesting), mycotoxins produced by other fungal organisms prior to grain preparation (again, during storage, harvest, transportation, or even growth of the grain). Grain prep methods to try: 5 day soak, 2 day soak, 1 day soak, 12 hour soak, no-soak (boil only), and cold lime soak + rinse.
  • Spawn ratio tests: Do lower spawn ratios allow cubes to better defend against trich?
  • Casing layers: Would applying a high PH casing layer immediately at spawning provide substantial defense against trich spores that enter the tub at any point after spawning (during colonization and fruiting)?
  • Does increasing the PH of coir substrate to a certain level (and what is that level and how much lime is required to get there) provide an increase in trich resistance?









Additional tests will be added here as they are completed.




Edited by Hindsight (03/02/23 03:33 PM)


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Onlinerumfor69
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Hindsight] * 1
    #28096370 - 12/13/22 05:58 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

This is awesome great work! :rockon:


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OfflineNuclearTidalWave
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: rumfor69] * 1
    #28096425 - 12/13/22 06:37 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Amazing work!


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Invisibleruawakeyet
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: NuclearTidalWave]
    #28096530 - 12/13/22 08:00 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Great experiments!!!! This really does shine some light on the mysteries of trich in home mycology.

The only test parameter that I can think of is already pretty well established, and to an extent, is something you've already done. That is pasteurization temperatures and their effect on trich. I remember reading you already tried 140ish degrees, and you had contaminate mushrooms growing and grass/weed seeds germinating in the substrate.

As I recall, you've landed on around 160 degrees, which is what I've been targeting as well. I am curious to hear what all testing you may have already done regarding pasteurization temp.


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OfflineVP123
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Hindsight] * 1
    #28096549 - 12/13/22 08:15 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

:threadmonitor:


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InvisibleBaba Yaga
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: VP123] * 1
    #28096552 - 12/13/22 08:17 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Awesome stuff. Thanks for sharing. :mushroom2:


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InvisiblefahtsterM
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: ruawakeyet] * 2
    #28096563 - 12/13/22 08:33 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Great read and work.  Love this kind of experimentation and research


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OfflineHindsight
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: ruawakeyet] * 1
    #28096616 - 12/13/22 09:28 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Thanks for the kind words all.

Quote:

ruawakeyet said:
The only test parameter that I can think of is already pretty well established, and to an extent, is something you've already done. That is pasteurization temperatures and their effect on trich. I remember reading you already tried 140ish degrees, and you had contaminate mushrooms growing and grass/weed seeds germinating in the substrate.

As I recall, you've landed on around 160 degrees, which is what I've been targeting as well. I am curious to hear what all testing you may have already done regarding pasteurization temp.




This is actually on my list of things to test next. Very easy to test as well. Just knock up a handful of plates with trich spores, vacuum bag them, then pasteurize each one at a different temp for a given duration like 1 or 3 hours etc and see which plates germinate after that.


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OfflineSingularFusion
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Hindsight] * 1
    #28096638 - 12/13/22 09:50 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Fine work Hindsight, cheers for your contribution

Commenting so I remember to come back and see about that next experiment, sounds like a good one

:takingnotes:


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: SingularFusion] * 1
    #28096640 - 12/13/22 09:51 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

this is very well done. thanks for sharing. :awesomenod:


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: JHOVA] * 1
    #28096671 - 12/13/22 10:47 PM (1 year, 1 month ago)

I love experiments, continue thy quest Mad Scientist Assvision!  I look forward to seeing this thread continue, gj man.


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Excess Taters] * 1
    #28096736 - 12/14/22 12:26 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Excellent writeup.


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: DERRAYLD] * 1
    #28096906 - 12/14/22 07:03 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Amazing tests! Quite scary actually.

Also, with the swabbing you're likely introducing mycelial fragments as well. That could be why the fully colonized Cube jar eventually succumbed.


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Adas] * 1
    #28097013 - 12/14/22 09:04 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Thank you for taking the time and risk to run these test, a very interesting read!


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Adas] * 2
    #28097024 - 12/14/22 09:21 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Quote:

Adas said:
Amazing tests! Quite scary actually.

Also, with the swabbing you're likely introducing mycelial fragments as well. That could be why the fully colonized Cube jar eventually succumbed.




I've actually been thinking a bit about that and trying to come up with a way of ensuring I am isolating mycelium. The only thing I have come up with has been to put the swab to an empty sterile petri (no agar) to get some spores in there, then wrap with parafilm and allow to dry for a few days. I would think that would cause any mycelium in there to dry out and die. But we have seen with cube mycelium, that in some cases it can dry out completely then be put onto a wet growth medium and reactivate. Could the same be true with trich mycelium? Tough to say. Unlike mushroom fruits that have a cap, trich just produces spores right on the mycelium so you can't really print it. I suppose I could try putting a sporulated trich plate upside down with the lid on it onto a wire rack and set some foil beneath it to see if it releases spores via gravity. Open to other ideas as well. I will add this to my test backlog.


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OfflineYoshiTrainer
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Hindsight] * 1
    #28097045 - 12/14/22 09:50 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

I wonder if a test with water agar might be useful?


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Hindsight] * 2
    #28097057 - 12/14/22 09:53 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

suggestion for a test.....does the addition of Gypsum/lime/adjusting the PH affect the growth of trich?


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OfflineHindsight
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: normalperson] * 2
    #28097075 - 12/14/22 10:06 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Quote:

normalperson said:
suggestion for a test.....does the addition of Gypsum/lime/adjusting the PH affect the growth of trich?




Already up there in the red list of future experiments that I added a bit ago. It's a great idea though. I have read some comments from one of the OG guys.... don't recall who it was right now, but I think it was something like 6.5PH was found to be very inhibitory for trich, and only somewhat inhibitory for cube mycelium. Cubes will grow slower, but they will still grow and trich infection percentages will be substantially reduced. I would like to test that myself. I have read that trich grows from pH 4 to pH 8..... but it's possible that is the entire range of all species in the trich genus, and the one or ones that commonly infect cube grows have a narrower range.


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OfflineAdas
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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Hindsight] * 1
    #28097088 - 12/14/22 10:22 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

You could also test how it would behave in the presence of Bacillus subtilis (or BTI, whatever you have) or its metabolites. I've seen this product called Trich-evict and I think it's BTI-based.


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Re: Experiments growing trich [Re: Adas] * 2
    #28097100 - 12/14/22 10:42 AM (1 year, 1 month ago)

Quote:

Adas said:
You could also test how it would behave in the presence of Bacillus subtilis (or BTI, whatever you have) or its metabolites. I've seen this product called Trich-evict and I think it's BTI-based.




Interesting - I didn't know BTI was inhibitory to certain fungi. I googled it and couldn't quickly find anything. Had not heard about trich-evict either.... closest thing I found was "Dr Myc Just The Trich" but it doesn't state what its active ingredient is. Any additional info would be helpful.

Your suggestion did get me thinking - for the phorid fly issue I have had, I was going to use nematodes as part of my prevention strategy after eradication is finished, but BTI is a great idea too... I guess better than nematodes because it is easier to work with (bottle can be left on the shelf as opposed to nematodes which need to be mixed with water each time and used immediately). Thanks for remind me the stuff exists! Haven't used it for years since I don't have a vegetable garden anymore.


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