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OfflineRenegadeMycologist
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Why do strains act as a mycelium ? * 1
    #27590244 - 12/22/21 05:08 AM (2 years, 4 months ago)

I'm trying to wrap my head around this for a long time.

If two spores merge and create 1 dikaryon (in further text strain), then there are billions of strains in the mycelium. Well known fact I believe.

So, why does mycelium exhibit collective growth then, like in the mushroom formation. In my current understanding one strain is not enough to begin tertiary (primordia) growth - but many of them. If every strain has a different genetics (and it does) why different strains collaborate and exibit collective growth to form a mushroom ? It almost seems that one mushroom is not made of one genetics, but many genetics are involved. So what exactly is that one sector which grows uniformly when mushroom is cloned ? Is it one strain, or many different strains acting together in some homogenous uniform way. If so, why do they act in this way ?

OR

One strain wraps around itself to produce 1 mushroom. Which would be weird, because, sometimes as mushroom is cloned and its tissue regrows on agar - it often exibits different sectors on it. What are those sectors in this train of thought ?

Thanks


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OfflinePTFer
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: RenegadeMycologist] * 3
    #27593948 - 12/25/21 11:43 AM (2 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

RenegadeMycologist said:
Why do strains act as a mycelium ?




The mechanism of anastomosis.

I included a couple of screen caps from "Introduction to Fungi" pg 9-10




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InvisibleCreonAntigone
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: PTFer]
    #27593977 - 12/25/21 12:16 PM (2 years, 4 months ago)

Probably because of the formation of asexual spores or conidia.

Conidia are non-motile spores that have a lot of genetic similarity to the 'parent'; really they're a different kind of structure than the sexual spores (basidiospores).

My guess is that conidia production in the mycelium helps to ensure genetic similarity between strains growing together; when grown in the same petri or substrate, the mycelium can't help but be bathed in the conidia of the other strain. This constant exchange of genetic information might explain why many strains collectively join together to form a mushroom.

I would refer you to the article "The systematic relevance of conidiogenesis modes in
the gilled Agaricales", which mentions Psilocybe Semilanceata and discusses the shape of the hyphae that produce conidia: the condiogenus hyphae.

Quote:

With the exception of Pholiota aurivella, P. gummosa,
and P. squarrosa, the thallic conidiogenesis in the
Strophariaceae was characterized by a coiling tendency
of the conidiogenous hyphae (Fig. 13) comparable
with that of Panaeolus. The conidiogenous hyphae
were not or only weakly clustered by sympodial
branching. In some species, such as Psilocybe inquilina,
P. semilanceata, or Tubaria hiemalis, the coiling was a
constant feature, while in others we observed it only
rarely after several examinations at different ages of the
mycelium. In four species we never found distinctly
coiled conidiogenous hyphae. Mycelial cystidia similar
to those of Panaeolus were present.




This article - "Anamorphs in the Strophariaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales)" - includes a description and a picture of semilanceata's conidiogenus hyphae; figure 17.



Quote:

Psilocybe semilanceata (Fr.) P. Kumm.
MATERIAL STUDIED: GLM 46022, BAYER G844.
DESCRIPTION: (Fig. 17). Macroscopic, mat white to pale orangeochre, cottony to felted. Microscopic, only haploid mycelia investigated, haploid mycelia displacing dikaryotic mycelia in polysporic cultures; up to 4 ch condensing (number inferred for young conidiophores); conidia straight to curved, 2.0–8.0 mm  1.1–2.0 mm, with one to several, minute to medium-sized intracellular droplets, or without intracellular droplets.




Quote:

PTFer said:
[The mechanism of anastomosis.





The asexual form is called the anamoprh. Due to conidiogenesis, it can reproduce continuously even if no sexual spores are produced.

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OfflineMuad.Dweeb
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: RenegadeMycologist] * 1
    #27596193 - 12/27/21 10:47 AM (2 years, 4 months ago)

There aren't inherently "billions of strains" in mycelium. If the start is two spores, for example, there will only be one strain, full stop.

The primary mycelium of a spore meets another hypha, they attempt fusion (plasmogamy), and check to see if they are compatible. For that, they have to have completely different mating factors (two gene groups called "loci"). If even one loci is the same, they don't fuse and continue looking for a compatible mate.

If they ARE compatible, they become a dikaryon. Dikaryons can't accept another nucleus, so they mostly stay distinct. This is what causes sectoring on a plate. A dikaryon can however donate a nucleus (if compatible) to a monokaryon that hasn't mated yet.

Two dikaryons don't mate under normal conditions. A certain sequence of events is necessary for that to take place, in which because [reasons], only one nucleus is available in at least one culture. Reasons include spontaneous dedikaryotization, unusual nuclear orchestration, sometimes "foundational mycelium" at the leading edge can have spatially separated nuclei where one can "escape" and undergo a similar process to Di-Mon mating.

Otherwise, the normal mode is competition and they edge each other out for resources.

It is completely possible to isolate a single dikaryon in one transfer from MS.


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A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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OfflineMuad.Dweeb
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27596195 - 12/27/21 10:50 AM (2 years, 4 months ago)

Also, I've not heard of a basidiomycete that produces conidia. The sexual counterpart of conidia is ascospore, not basidiospore.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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InvisibleCreonAntigone
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27596779 - 12/27/21 08:36 PM (2 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

blood_of_adonis said:
Also, I've not heard of a basidiomycete that produces conidia. The sexual counterpart of conidia is ascospore, not basidiospore.




Conidia is the name for the asexual spore in the ascomycetes but it has also been used for the asexual spore in the basidiomycetes.

You don't need to take my word for it though, since I linked the two scientific articles where much better mycologists than me describe psilocybe semilanceata's conidia.

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OfflineMuad.Dweeb
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: CreonAntigone]
    #27598383 - 12/29/21 08:38 AM (2 years, 4 months ago)

Huh. Neat.


--------------------
A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct. This every sister of the Bene Gesserit knows.



How to Breed like the Bene Gesserit
The Weirding Way - Advanced Bene Gesserit Techniques

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OfflineAlan RockefellerM
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: Muad.Dweeb]
    #27601844 - 12/31/21 11:17 PM (2 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

blood_of_adonis said:
Also, I've not heard of a basidiomycete that produces conidia. The sexual counterpart of conidia is ascospore, not basidiospore.




Dendrocollybia produces conidia on the stem.


https://mushroomobserver.org/435983

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OfflineRenegadeMycologist
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Re: Why do strains act as a mycelium ? [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #27603491 - 01/02/22 09:33 AM (2 years, 4 months ago)

Thanks all, great insights here.

Sweet Dendrocollybia picture, I reckon those are conidiogenesis hyphae in my current understanding and after reading this thread.


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