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kyu
Psychonaughty

Registered: 10/14/12
Posts: 335
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De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae
#26612128 - 04/19/20 06:21 AM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Long story short, scientists taught yeast to produce psilly. Bad news for gmo opposers, great news for others.
I wonder how long will it take for this innovation to reach dark web mass production.
Quote:
Abstract
Psilocybin is a tryptamine-derived psychoactive alkaloid found mainly in the fungal genus Psilocybe, among others, and is the active ingredient in so-called “magic mushrooms”. Although its notoriety originates from its psychotropic properties and popular use as a recreational drug, clinical trials have recently recognized psilocybin as a promising candidate for the treatment of various psychological and neurological afflictions. In this work, we demonstrate the de novo biosynthetic production of psilocybin and related tryptamine derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expression of a heterologous biosynthesis pathway sourced from Psilocybe cubensis. Additionally, we achieve improved product titers by supplementing the pathway with a novel cytochrome P450 reductase from P. cubensis. Further rational engineering resulted in a final production strain producing 627 ± 140 mg/L of psilocybin and 580 ± 276 mg/L of the dephosphorylated degradation product psilocin in triplicate controlled fed-batch fermentations in minimal synthetic media. Pathway intermediates baeocystin, nor norbaeocystin as well the dephosphorylated baeocystin degradation product norpsilocin were also detected in strains engineered for psilocybin production. We also demonstrate the biosynthetic production of natural tryptamine derivative aeruginascin as well as the production of a new-to-nature tryptamine derivative N-acetyl-4-hydroxytryptamine. These results lay the foundation for the biotechnological production of psilocybin in a controlled environment for pharmaceutical applications, and provide a starting point for the biosynthetic production of other tryptamine derivatives of therapeutic relevance.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109671761930401X?via%3Dihub
-------------------- You gave me a wonderful, wonderful world, And you gave me eyes to see it, And you gave me LSD to open them.
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filthyknees
no coincidence


Registered: 03/08/13
Posts: 6,283
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: kyu]
#26612262 - 04/19/20 07:47 AM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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I think people still will want mushroom fruits.
-------------------- But if you're in a hurry, and really got to go If you're in a hurry, might have to find out slow That it's one thing to try and another to fly You get there quicker just a step at a time It's one thing to bark, another to bite The show ain't over till you pack up at night
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Holybullshit
Stranger
Registered: 01/06/19
Posts: 1,553
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: filthyknees]
#26612425 - 04/19/20 08:46 AM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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This is a duplicate and likely to get closed, but I don't understand why people think this GMO strain is any more likely to get into the hands of the general public or be used for clandestine production any more than the strains that produce morphine.
Also, even if it did, I imagine that unless kept strictly isolated it would become contaminated with wild yeast and the inserted genes would be bred out fairly quickly.
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Psilosopherr
A psilly goose



Registered: 02/15/12
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: Holybullshit]
#26613198 - 04/19/20 03:28 PM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Quote:
Holybullshit said: This is a duplicate and likely to get closed
For some reason this is the one subforum that see's no moderation.
Come to think of it, I don't think I've ever seen a moderator close/edit posts here. Strange because there was frequently cause for it in the past, not so much these days.
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dizzy_simmons
Detective



Registered: 09/18/09
Posts: 393
Loc: Interzone
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: Holybullshit]
#26613450 - 04/19/20 05:25 PM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Last I checked, there is no yeast capable of synthing morphine; there are two modified yeasts each capable of performing half of the necessary steps. And they aren't being used for production - so using that to support the notion that people wouldn't get access to it is flimsy at best. It's also unknown whether the added genes would carry on or be extinguished, it could go either way.
But seriously, this story is still on the homepage (twice now). Check before posting puhleez.
-------------------- UNDO YOUR DOMESTICATION Looking for: ***The Land of the Free*** Ps. caerulipes Ps. cubensis Ps. cyanescens Ps. ovoideocystidiata Pan. cinctulus Pan. cyanescens
Edited by dizzy_simmons (04/19/20 05:26 PM)
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Corundum
Goopy



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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: filthyknees]
#26614098 - 04/19/20 11:38 PM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Quote:
filthyknees said: I think people still will want mushroom fruits. 
I would trip on yeast psilocybin all day. But as others have said this is definitely not going to be used by the general public
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Holybullshit
Stranger
Registered: 01/06/19
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: dizzy_simmons]
#26614442 - 04/20/20 06:13 AM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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You may be right about one step to morphine yeast, but I know they've produced modified yeast that creates an opioid precursor that cartel labs and clandestine/hobby chemists would LOVE as a starting point. And IIRC a team at Stanford created a yeast that produces hydrocodone. Thanks to a British research team piecing together the final questions of opiate synthesis by the poppy, I really don't think it'd be all that difficult for them to modify yeast to produce a plethora of opiates, I imagine they just don't feel the need to at this point and hold back as a safety measure...they've proven they can, now they aren't going any further(publicly) until they have to.
And you seem to imply this is being used for production? Is that so?
How often do you see schedule I/II drugs sourced straight from a pharma manufacturing site on the market? I don't mean pressed pills in bulk, I mean pure powders straight from the lab. For most intents and purposes, never, thats how often. If it were going to "get out" it would be at this stage, the research stage.
And something tells me they didn't produce a modified strain of yeast with dominant genes allowing it to produce powerful hallucinogenic schedule I drugs...just in the hopes that it never finds its way to the wild, where those genes could then literally spread across the Earth...although it could make both your morning cereal and happy hour a whole lot more exciting.
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dizzy_simmons
Detective



Registered: 09/18/09
Posts: 393
Loc: Interzone
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: Holybullshit]
#26615536 - 04/20/20 02:23 PM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Quote:
Holybullshit said: And you seem to imply this is being used for production? Is that so?
I'm not sure what you're trying to say here. My exact words were:
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dizzy_simmons said: they aren't being used for production
Which AFAIK applies to all of the yeasts so far mentioned in this thread.
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Holybullshit said: If it were going to "get out" it would be at this stage, the research stage.
I really don't think so. The group with access to this yeast consists of a *small number of scientists* (to whom the release could easily be traced back to), and their *tiny amount of samples* will have to be officially destroyed to comply with the law and with their research waiver.
If this yeast does enter production, most likely that would make psilocybin at most schedule II. Opium poppies are schedule II, as is fentanyl. I realize it's unlikely this yeast will ever be as easily attainable as either of those, but I'd argue that's more properly attributed to the ease & profitability of current methods of illicit drug production, more so than any sort of trademarking. The cartels could afford to copy this if they wanted to, it's just not worth it for them to do so for so many reasons 
Quote:
Holybullshit said: And something tells me they didn't produce a modified strain of yeast with dominant genes allowing it to produce powerful hallucinogenic schedule I drugs...
Something tells me that isn't necessarily a factor we can 100% predict when using biochemical (I.e., biologically sourced) methods to splice & transfer genes. And again, we don't know whether this modification would make the yeast more or less fit. Psilocybin exists in other fungi for a reason, even if we don't know what that reason is.
Just my two cents.
-------------------- UNDO YOUR DOMESTICATION Looking for: ***The Land of the Free*** Ps. caerulipes Ps. cubensis Ps. cyanescens Ps. ovoideocystidiata Pan. cinctulus Pan. cyanescens
Edited by dizzy_simmons (04/20/20 02:26 PM)
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polaritymind
relaxed attention


Registered: 10/10/16
Posts: 994
Loc: Germany
Last seen: 3 months, 27 days
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: dizzy_simmons]
#26622601 - 04/23/20 03:03 PM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Quote:
dizzy_simmons said: I really don't think so. The group with access to this yeast consists of a *small number of scientists* (to whom the release could easily be traced back to), and their *tiny amount of samples* will have to be officially destroyed to comply with the law and with their research waiver.
But as has been said before this one strain neendn't get out from this one lab but can easily be reproducd since their methods are described in their paper and also presuamby some company will actually do this on a mass scale and even possibly patent it (if the scientist havent done so) and then you will have much more opportunities where the genetics could be leaked out the lab.
-------------------- "to affirm life is to also affirm death" -Albert hofmann
Edited by polaritymind (04/23/20 03:08 PM)
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alephdog
Protégé

Registered: 05/03/20
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: polaritymind]
#26648394 - 05/04/20 01:36 PM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Make one that produces Mescaline.
Address a real supply shortage.
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Cavemen


Registered: 11/21/12
Posts: 1,717
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: alephdog]
#26652889 - 05/06/20 12:41 PM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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make one that produces bread
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Holybullshit
Stranger
Registered: 01/06/19
Posts: 1,553
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: polaritymind]
#26654634 - 05/07/20 08:17 AM (3 years, 9 months ago) |
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Do you know a lot of people who do gene editing in their garage?
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meepins
Stranger

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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: Holybullshit]
#26706897 - 05/30/20 10:30 AM (3 years, 8 months ago) |
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Interesting...
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polaritymind
relaxed attention


Registered: 10/10/16
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Loc: Germany
Last seen: 3 months, 27 days
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: meepins]
#26715683 - 06/03/20 02:39 AM (3 years, 8 months ago) |
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Just now seen it? What do you think?
-------------------- "to affirm life is to also affirm death" -Albert hofmann
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Eywa_devotee
Goddess Worshiper


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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: polaritymind]
#26752264 - 06/17/20 05:27 PM (3 years, 7 months ago) |
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Over a gram of active chemical per liter, lets hope it never accidently infects a brewery or that bottle of beer is gonna be a doozey... would be a quick and easy way to make it as a precursor for other interesting chemicals on an industrial scale.
-------------------- "Love one another." "To Love is to know me." "Love is the Law, Love under Will." "In Compassion, all sorrows end." Regardless of the Master, the message is the same- Choose love and you shall live, Choose Fear and you shall die. Help bring peace to this Earth: Love one another, and serve others before yourself.
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Holybullshit
Stranger
Registered: 01/06/19
Posts: 1,553
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: Eywa_devotee]
#26754782 - 06/18/20 03:50 PM (3 years, 7 months ago) |
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I have a feeling if it were to contaminate wild yeast the implanted genes would get bred out fairly quickly, could be wrong though.
I know you are mostly joking but others have expressed similar concerns, considering the value of those genetics and the liability they would assume from allowing it to propagate in the wild I highly doubt it would accidentally make it out of their labs, especially into brewery yeast supply lines or into a brewery. Especially if somehow said genes were dominant.
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polaritymind
relaxed attention


Registered: 10/10/16
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Re: De novo production of psilocybin in S. cerevisiae [Re: Eywa_devotee]
#26755011 - 06/18/20 05:11 PM (3 years, 7 months ago) |
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Quote:
Eywa_devotee said: would be a quick and easy way to make it as a precursor for other interesting chemicals on an industrial scale.
Lik other semi-synthetic psychedelics or what do you mean?Like Tryptamine derivatives
-------------------- "to affirm life is to also affirm death" -Albert hofmann
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