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InvisibleDividedQuantumM
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Extractives Now Account For Half Of Global Carbon Emissions
    #25928746 - 04/11/19 12:52 PM (5 years, 1 month ago)

Quote:

Extractives Now Account For Half Of Global Carbon Emissions -- What Can Be Done?

Jax Jacobsen

https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaxjacobsen/2019/04/10/extractives-now-account-for-half-of-global-carbon-emissions-what-can-be-done/#79a649375345




Last month, UN Environment released its Global Resources Outlook, and found that resource extraction now accounts for half of the world’s total global carbon emissions.

The extractive industries are also responsible for 90 percent of biodiversity loss and water stress.

Mining, oil, and gas are expected to continue at its frenetic pace: extraction has tripled since 1970, from 27 billion tonnes then to 92 billion tonnes in 2017.

The UN body warned that extraction was occurring at dangerous levels.

“Frankly, there will be no tomorrow for many people unless we stop,” Joyce Msuya, Acting Executive Director of UN Environment, said in a statement.

Another report, published in the Pacific Conservation Biology journal last month, found that miners need to give more attention to considering animal communities during mine reclamation, instead of relying solely on vegetation surveys to measure the success of restoration efforts.

According to the report, 75% of active mine sites are located on land thought to be prime for conservation.

Given these environmental challenges, what is holding the mining industry back in becoming greener and embracing change?

To be fair, there has been some movement in the industry towards adopting greener practices, whether that means using more renewable energy, capping emissions in its production of minerals, or limiting the amount of water used in operations. Some large players have vowed to substantially cut back on their emissions, while others have adopted photo-friendly initiatives that have not yet been put in action.

The problems may lie in the nature of regulation as well as how mining businesses are structured, two Australian academics have contended.

Government-imposed regulation is increasingly moving towards what’s been termed as ‘management-based regulation,’ meaning that government regulators establish high-level goals while allowing individual companies to determine how these are met.

The idea behind this regulatory approach is to allow companies to determine “least-cost solutions,” which hopefully would encourage companies to go beyond meeting minimum legal standards, Neil Gunningham and Darren Sinclair write in Regulatory Theory: Foundations and Applications, in their chapter devoted to the mining sector.

This way, regulation moves from being a process by which government auditors continuously check up on companies, and becomes a process where companies can innovate their own processes and systems to be in line with larger policy goals.

This approach has been met with mixed results, often because companies are less invested in the policy goals and are more focused on maintaining their market position.

But even in cases where the C-suite is fully on board with these high-level goals, they may struggle to bring every level of the mining company on board with the new direction, Gunningham and Sinclair said.

In mining companies which operate several mines, corporate governance is a challenge. Mine managers are often at odds with the executive level, and vice versa, because of a varying understanding of the resources available and divergent views on how high-level goals can and should be met. There are also frustrations between mine managers and mine workers, which may impede the ability to meet corporate goals.

In these stratified firms, meeting achieving environmental and regulatory milestones is jeopardised by its structure and the structure’s impact on company culture.

There is a way for mining companies to surmount these obstacles, Gunningham and Sinclair said.

“Only when formal systems (audits, reporting, monitoring, and so on) are supported by informal systems (trust, commitment, engagement, means of overcoming conflicting loyalties) will they be fully effective,” they said.

The commitment to these goals needs to be institutionalised at all levels in order to make it work, they found.

Even if these challenges are overcome, the capacity of local government to effectively regulate and manage extractive activity plays a role in the amount of environmental damage wrought by the industry.

In a new book published by UNU-WIDER (the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research), Tony Addison and Alan Roe point out that the weak governance in developing countries also plays a role in the extractive industries – mining, as well as oil and gas – having a greater impact on the environment.

Though most developing states have similar governance structures – environmental laws and agencies – as more developed countries. “But for a variety of reasons – ranging from seemingly simple issues of capacity to corruption and malicious intent – these laws and agencies are frequently either ignored, inconsistently invoked, or in the worst cases, used as a weapon for purposes totally unrelated to rectifying environmental harm,” Addison and Roe write in Extractive Industries: The Management of Resources as a Driver of Sustainable Development.

To address these deficiencies, a variety of reforms and changes are needed, ranging from licensing – in which the government allows company to extract resources so long as agreed-upon rights and obligations are followed. In the scenario where mining companies are negotiating contracts with the local government, another option is to have environmental experts included in the negotiations, to ensure that their concerns are incorporated into the final agreement.

Despite these difficulties, the mining industry needs to find a way to significantly cut back on its emissions and disruption to local habitats, and do it soon.





There is an element of "Who polices the police?" here. The article seems to contend that the only truly effective way for these mining, oil and gas companies to be environmentally responsible is to agree to regulate themselves. Even governments in first world countries cannot deal with the scope of these disparate operations. So, the picture does not look good, imo.


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Offlinekillingravensun
destroying angel

Registered: 04/03/19
Posts: 738
Loc: cult of the sun machine
Last seen: 4 years, 7 months
Re: Extractives Now Account For Half Of Global Carbon Emissions [Re: DividedQuantum]
    #25928817 - 04/11/19 01:35 PM (5 years, 1 month ago)

Quote:

The extractive industries are also responsible for 90 percent of biodiversity loss and water stress.




well thats just false, its well known that factory farming is the main culprit, but i agree that mining sucks and should be stopped, not gonna happen but it should


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evil always wins, good can only do good, evil will lie and cheat until it fools good into doing evil

freedom is the ability to take wrong action, right actions are constrained by nature

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OfflineSimonsays
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Registered: 04/25/18
Posts: 52
Loc: South Australia
Last seen: 4 years, 5 months
Re: Extractives Now Account For Half Of Global Carbon Emissions [Re: killingravensun]
    #25932006 - 04/13/19 07:50 AM (5 years, 1 month ago)

There will always be mining, we just need to limit it to what is essential to continue with our lifestyles without harming the environment.

We may need to mine compounds for constructing renewable energy infrastructure, but why we're pulling coal out of the ground and burning it is beyond me.

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