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Offlinesycodelix
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Registered: 01/06/18
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Loc: Spokane, Washington
Last seen: 1 year, 2 months
Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip
    #25800274 - 02/08/19 09:11 PM (5 years, 1 month ago)

https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/59xb4x/scientists-identify-key-neural-mechanisms-behind-an-lsd-trip


Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip
LSD appears to cause information to disintegrate as it is passed through a neural circuit that determines how we process internal and external stimuli.
By Daniel Oberhaus
|
Jan 29 2019, 10:22am

Image: PNAS


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This story is part of When the Drugs Hit, a Motherboard journey into the science, politics, and culture of today's psychedelic renaissance. Follow along here.

New research has identified a key neural mechanism that leads to altered states of consciousness in humans after taking LSD. The research lends strong support to a decade-old theory that attributes the trippy effects of many psychedelics to a breakdown of information processing in a region of the brain that regulates how we respond to internal and external stimuli.

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As detailed in a paper published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at the University of Zurich dosed 25 people with LSD and used an MRI machine to study a neural pathway called the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop. The CSTC loop is part of the broader salience network in our brains, which is a collection of neural regions responsible for determining which external and internal stimuli get our attention.

In 2008, two psychiatrists theorized that disruptions in the normal functioning of the CSTC loop was largely responsible for the altered states of consciousness experienced by people who take LSD, psilocybin, and other classical psychedelics. In particular, this CSTC model focused on the thalamus, a region of the brain that processes sensory information, regulates the information that gets passed to the cortex, which is responsible for consciousness, attention, memory, and other major brain functions.

According to the CSTC model, disruptions to the thalamus can take many different forms. It could involve blocking NMDA receptors, which are important for memory; increasing dopamine neurotransmitters, which are heavily involved with regulating movement; or flooding serotonin 2A receptors, which are deeply involved with cognition. Normally, the thalamus acts like a gate that determines what sensory information gets passed to the cortex, but these types of neurotransmitter imbalances throw that gate wide open. This decreased sensory filter is why psychedelics result in a strange visuals and body sensations—at least in theory.
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Read More: The Long, Hard Road to a Science of Bad Drug Trips

This new research is the first time that the CSTC model was tested in humans and the results of the study lend strong evidence to the CSTC theory of why we trip. LSD targets many of the receptors that regulate the CSTC loop, so by imaging the brains of their subjects when they were on LSD and when they were sober, the researchers could see how LSD affects the normal functioning of the CSTC loop.

As the researchers discovered, LSD did in fact increase the amount of connectivity between the thalamus and certain regions of the cortex. While this is largely in line with the CSTC modeled proposed a decade ago, there is one key difference. In this research, the LSD only resulted in increased connectivity with certain regions of the cortex, particularly those associated with changes in what the researchers described as “self-experience.”

“This might explain the seemingly paradoxical subjective effects often reported in psychedelic-induced altered states of consciousness that are characterized by increased arousal as well as a dreamlike experience, impaired cognition but at the same time reported perceived mental clarity, and psychosis-like effects combined with blissful experiences,” the researchers concluded.

In the future, the researchers hope to show how their model of psychedelic altered states of consciousness can be combined with other explanations of why we trip. For example, evidence suggests that psychedelic experiences are also related to increased entropy in the brain, which results in “disorganization of brain activity and more flexible cognition.”

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Given the significant role that the salience network plays in mental disorders such as schizophrenia, OCD, and depression, studying the influence of LSD on the CSTC loop in the salience network may also help development treatments for these diseases.

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InvisibleHobbyist
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Registered: 08/15/10
Posts: 805
Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: sycodelix]
    #25800564 - 02/09/19 01:37 AM (5 years, 1 month ago)

Interesting.


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Everything i say is completely hypothetical...


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OfflineFractal420
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Registered: 06/21/13
Posts: 5,913
Last seen: 10 months, 12 days
Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: Hobbyist]
    #25800606 - 02/09/19 02:38 AM (5 years, 1 month ago)

Why do we dream? I bet the answer is about the same. Tripping could be chemically forced dreaming


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Dreaming of That face again.
It's bright and blue and shimmering.
Grinning wide
And comforting me with it's three warm and wild eyes.

Prying open MY third eye


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OfflineMorel Guy
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Registered: 01/23/13
Posts: 15,577
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Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: Fractal420]
    #25800806 - 02/09/19 06:43 AM (5 years, 1 month ago)

It's not chemical it's spiritual and it's very hard on the body.  It's dying and it's hard to have a body hard enough to do that.  Cause it is neural and it is spiritual and it's an absurd power.

I get it just fine coming off a drink.  It's that deadly.


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"in sterquiliniis invenitur in stercore invenitur"

In filth it will be found in dung it will be found

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Invisibleopenmind
curious
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Registered: 08/03/07
Posts: 13,941
Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: Morel Guy]
    #25801678 - 02/09/19 01:20 PM (5 years, 1 month ago)

Quote:

Morel Guy said:
It's not chemical it's spiritual and it's very hard on the body.  It's dying and it's hard to have a body hard enough to do that.  Cause it is neural and it is spiritual and it's an absurd power.

I get it just fine coming off a drink.  It's that deadly.






:lolwut:


I don't really undersand what you're saying.


Are you trying to say LSD is very hard on the body? How is that so?





Quote:

"It's dying and it's hard to have a body hard enough to do that"





What is dying and why is it dying?...Why does the body need to be "hard"?...And to do what?







Quote:

I get it just fine coming off a drink.  It's that deadly.






What do you "get", when "coming off a drink"?...And why is it deadly?







I'm so confused.






-OM

.


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OfflineKonyap

Registered: 06/30/07
Posts: 33,945
Loc: Planet Piss
Last seen: 4 years, 4 months
Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: openmind]
    #25802739 - 02/09/19 11:51 PM (5 years, 1 month ago)

i always thought
lsd fills the lock
other stuff doesn't go into the lock
secondary effects

and then there was another one where signals would be sent
but sometimes other signals would take longer to reach
or just never make it there

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OfflineMorel Guy
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Registered: 01/23/13
Posts: 15,577
Last seen: 4 years, 2 months
Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: Konyap]
    #25802992 - 02/10/19 06:00 AM (5 years, 1 month ago)

We know we use more of our brain on LSD.  They also say that larger pupils is a sign of increased intelligence.  Smaller pupils are a sign of aggression.

That's why opiates tend to decrease pupil size and increase aggression.  Opium is a very aggression producing drug.  They pacified the opiates with newer ones to make people less aggressive.  Morphine is a more aggression increasing opiate.

Kratom is unique in how the withdrawal (the peak) increases aggression.  People blow it up to be what it's not.  I had a girlfriend that said I threw a knife at her.  It wasn't anywhere near her.  It was between two people.  If I wanted to hit someone with a knife, it ain't that hard.


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"in sterquiliniis invenitur in stercore invenitur"

In filth it will be found in dung it will be found

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OfflineFailboat
Fuck Up

Registered: 02/01/18
Posts: 8,736
Last seen: 13 days, 15 hours
Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: Morel Guy]
    #25806030 - 02/11/19 03:16 PM (5 years, 1 month ago)

Great article.

Morel Guy; stop spreading nonsense, and don't throw knives.

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OfflineMorel Guy
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Registered: 01/23/13
Posts: 15,577
Last seen: 4 years, 2 months
Re: Scientists Identify Key Neural Mechanisms Behind an LSD Trip [Re: Failboat]
    #25806045 - 02/11/19 03:22 PM (5 years, 1 month ago)

I got mad because I was on probation and they went and got high.  They proved once again, they don't really care about me or know how to take care of me.

So they got all upset because I was carving a pumpkin.  Someone gave them the pumpkin and they had plans.


--------------------
"in sterquiliniis invenitur in stercore invenitur"

In filth it will be found in dung it will be found

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