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OfflineDzordanas
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Registered: 11/27/15
Posts: 70
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Trichocereus Santaensis - Demystified * 2
    #25295348 - 06/27/18 04:15 PM (5 years, 7 months ago)

Your Guide to Understanding and Identifying Trichocereus Santaensis (A.K.A Echinopsis Santaensis)

First and foremost, for the remainder of this post we will be using Trichocereus as the genus, not Echinopsis. Secondly, as of right now, Trichocereus Santaensis is not an accepted species.
History, Origins, and 'Identification'
Trichocereus Santaensis was originally described by Rauh & Backeberg on November 20, 1956 in their works Die Cactaceae. It was, hence its name, originally found in the Santa Valley of Peru, a valley that travels parallel of the Rio Santa. The valley is known as Callejón de Huaylas or "The Alley of Huaylas" and is found in the Ancash region.

Backberg's "Santaensis"
The Backeberg key to describing T. Santaensis was:
Branches to 10 cm
Blue green shoots
Ribs 7, very broad, strongly furrowed,
Not flattened furrows
Spines gray-brown, brighter towards the base
Middle spines:
1 spine is longer, spines up to 4 cm long

Keep in mind, Backeberg is well known for his misleading identifications and identifying separate species when they are really just regional forms, so his "description" should be taken with a grain of salt.

Another taxonomist - Friedrich Ritter - redescribed Trichocereus Santaensis in 1958:(translated and edited as best I could)
Differences from Trichocereus Pachanoi (data for Pachanoi in parentheses):
Body: gray-green (grass green to bluish green).
Ribs: 6-7, usually 6 (5-8 on average, 10+),
Areoles: a slight v-shaped
notch (little cross notch) Around 3-5 mm diameter
Spines: few or absent, 0 to 3, a few mm to 3 cm long,
Middle Spines: usually one, often it is the only Spine, a few mm to 4 cm long.
Flower. Near the apex, about 18-19 cm long, about 12 cm wide open (up to 20 cm wide between the
outer petals), obliquely upward (about protruding horizontally), just
(with two slight curves). Nectar Chamber 19 mm long (slightly longer), without
significant gap (small space), with little or no
Nectar (with some nectar). Tube about ca 6 cm long with 2.5 cm further
Opening (longer and wider). Petals slightly shorter and narrower, the outer
almost adjacent to the interior Ones (strongly bent outwards),
SANTA Valley at 2000 m and about Depart. Ancash; only here

Another description, by Patrick Noll - a well-known Trichocereus collector - describes the species on his website as:
Trichocereus santaensis can get up to five meters high and branches from the bottom. The stemps are blue-green to a glaucous green. It has 7-9 ribs that are similarly broad than the ones on Trichocereus knuthianus aka Echinopsis knuthiana. There is a distinct furrow above the areoles. This distinct V-Notch is very strong in young pups. The areoles have a diameter of approximately 1 centimeter and Trichocereus santaensis has between 1-3 radial spines. Spines medium long to short. In addition, Trichocereus santaensis has one very long middle spine, which is up to 5 centimeters long.
Flower: The flower is white and gets up to 22 centimeters in length. It has a similar flower than other San Pedro types
.
It's safe to assume, that with such different descriptions and the variables of types going around right now that Santaensis is more of a regional variety or subspecies, than it's own species. It can be often mistaken for T. Cuzcoensis but can be separated by the lack of swollen spine bases, coloration, and location. Santaensis usually have a red spine color on new growth (as well as yellow & orange). Many cultivars going around at this time hardly resemble the original definitions of T. Santaensis. Due to its location, and proximity to Chavín de Huántar, it can be assumed that it was likely used by natives in the region for some time.
Locations and Habitats
As stated above, T. Santaensis can be found in the Santa region of Peru, often near or in proximity of the Rio Santa. Most notably Chavin De Huantar, Huaraz, Puente, Huayacana, and Bedoya. But anywhere in the Santa Valley can types be found that one may call "Santaensis". In their habitat, they grow near or in proximity to both Trichocereus Pachanoi and Trichocereus Peruvianus, making the obvious assumption that Santaensis is simply a natural and regional hybrid between the two.
Rio Santa
Chavin De Huantar
Puente
Huaraz
Ancash Region landscape
Alkaloids
Being a species, ssp, relative, variety, and/or hybrid of T. Pachanoi/T. Peruvianus, Trichocereus Santaensis does contain mescaline and related alkaloids. The concentrations of this are extremely variable due to endless regional types being labelled "Santaensis". The only two bio-essays done on this type - to my knowledge - rated Santaensis average at best; coming in at 0.31% and 0.32% mescaline concentrations. A clone of Santaensis, "Pallarensis" also tested low. However, a few varieties, both found and identified as Santaensis or a relative have shown promise. No bio-essays have been done, however. One, the Bk09511.7 clone is notably very strong and was distributed by a reliable collector and breeder. Not enough is known of this type to come to a conclusion of its alkaloids, but current studies suggest it is weak to average. Its current desirability is more based around its rarity, landrace appeal, new traits/genetics, and hardiness (due to its natural habitat), and for ornamental purpose. Santaensis types are very hardy, are to be grown in the same way one would a Pachanoi or Peruvianus. They seem to sunburn and become stressed quite easily however, so take caution.
Clones and Hybrids
In recent years, Santaensis has began to hit the mainstream of cactus groups and forums. Specifically the Facebook groups and SAB forums. A few breeders, locals, and people visiting Peru have enabled the rest of the world to get their hands on both seeds and cuttings of this rare species (or whatever you choose to call it). As of right now, there are no "known" and well distributed clones, and I don't believe any intentional crosses have been made yet except for the Bridgesii x Santaensis cross and the reverse SS cross. Some of BK's clones will one day be widespread but as of right now he has only sold a small amount of Santaensis clones, most notably BK09511.7. Lots of open-pollinated seeds are being pushed out of Peru right now, so I'd assume that within the next 5-10 years Trichocereus Santaensis will have some very awesome and well-known clones. In North America, as far as I know, the biggest stand is or was in the Huntington Botanical Garden, in California. Clones that are assumed to be Santaensis are TMC, Pallarensis, Huarazensis, and Huanucoensis.
Lucma
Misha
Ichoca (Notice the similarity to the Backeberg clone?)
Huata
Pallarensis
Huarazensis
BK09511.7
SS Bridgesii x Santaensis
European Bridgesii x Santaensis
Huarimayo
Chavin De Huantar
The End
Hopefully you all enjoyed reading this, and I hope this helped some who were confused by its usage and its origins. I take no credit for pictures used in this and all were sent to me or sourced via websites. I would love to do a references excerpt but various information that I used here was taken off of non-shroomery vendors websites, so posting here would be against the rules. If you'd like to learn more, you will have to do your own research or ask someone knowledgeable. Feel free to post your Santaensis types in the comments! And once again, thank you for reading! :cool:
What would you describe Trichocereus Santaensis as?
You may choose only one


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Offlinemmcc
Stranger


Registered: 10/31/17
Posts: 451
Last seen: 2 years, 2 months
Re: Trichocereus Santaensis - Demystified [Re: Dzordanas]
    #25295388 - 06/27/18 04:32 PM (5 years, 7 months ago)

I have no clue but made me think of this cutting that I have



The mother looked a lot like the cactus under “Huata”


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