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OfflineStrophariaceae
mycologist
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Registered: 02/02/04
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Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk
    #23524081 - 08/09/16 06:10 AM (7 years, 5 months ago)

The academic mycologists are having their annual meeting, over at the Clark Kerr campus in Berkeley. Lots of interesting topics; program, abstracts, etc here:

http://ipmb.berkeley.edu/events/msa-2016

Map of Clark Kerr Campus here:

http://www.iaeng.org/WCECS2010/schedule/map_closeup.jpg

Some interesting talks, but the highlight for me will be this one tomorrow (Tuesday, 8/9):

C14.2 |(Clark Kerr Room 204) 1:45PM– Jason Slot – Horizontal transfer of a psilocybin gene cluster among divergent lineages of Agaricales

Abstract:

Psilocybin occurs in several unrelated lineages of
Agaricales (Pluteus, Conocybe, Inocybe, Gymnopilus,
Panaeolus, Psilocybe) in hallucinogenic (“magic”)
mushrooms with ecological roles varying from woodand
dung- decomposition to ectomycorrhizae. Despite
recent advances in the therapeutic potential of
psilocybin-containing mushrooms, an understanding
of their biology and evolution has lagged behind. A
pathway for psilocybin (O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N
dimethyl tryptamine) biosynthesis was inferred in the
1960s, but no genetic mechanism for its production
has since been identified. To understand the genetic
and evolutionary underpinnings of psilocybin
synthesis among divergent mushroom clades, we
sequenced the genomes of three distantly related
psilocybin-containing species, Psilocybe cyanescens,
Panaeolus cyanescens, and Gymnopilus luteofolius.
Parallel searches for physical clusters of genes that are
restricted to psilocybin producing taxa, and clusters of
genes with psilocybin-related metabolic functions
converged upon a five-gene cluster that putatively
encodes the transformation of tryptophan to psilocybin
and its transport. To test this functional hypothesis, we
heterologously expressed a decarboxylase and a
phosphotransferase from the cluster and assayed
chemical transformations in vitro. Using ultra
performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass
spectrometry, we inferred they have specific activity
on tryptophan and its derivatives. Additional gene
sequences from other psilocybin-containing species
obtained by degenerate PCR were used in the
phylogenetic reconstruction of the cluster’s origin and
distribution. These analyses suggest a psilocybin
cluster origin in Agaricales by horizontal transfer of
multiple genes from Atheliales, and a horizontal
cluster transfer from dung-inhabiting Psilocybe to
Panaeolus. The patterns of dispersal of this cluster
may reflect at least one role for psilocybin as a defense
against mycophagous invertebrates.


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OfflineAlan RockefellerM
Mycologist
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Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: Strophariaceae] * 1
    #23928207 - 12/15/16 01:40 AM (7 years, 1 month ago)

That is really cool, looks like the various genera that produce psilocybin moved this gene from one genus to another using horizontal gene transfer.

I wonder how that happened?

They must have sequenced the full genome of several psilocybin containing species from unrelated genera and found that the genes which code for psilocybin are too similar to have evolved independently.


What was the gene tree like?  Did you get a picture of it?

How can someone make a gene tree as opposed to a phylogenetic tree?


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Offlinecatnip40
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Registered: 03/09/12
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Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #23928419 - 12/15/16 05:53 AM (7 years, 1 month ago)

:takingnotes:

very interesting

thanks for sharing!

:mushroom2:


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Invisiblemultiporpoise
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Registered: 08/15/15
Posts: 226
Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: catnip40]
    #23930754 - 12/15/16 07:54 PM (7 years, 1 month ago)

Wow, that's really interesting.  Can someone with more knowledge go into more detail about how horizontal gene transfer occurs within fungi?  Is it transmitted through a bacteria/virus or through direct mycelial contact?


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OfflineWhyDidiDoThis
Bay Area Mushroom Collector
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Registered: 11/26/14
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Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: multiporpoise]
    #23931217 - 12/15/16 11:12 PM (7 years, 1 month ago)

neither i believe.
Its in its genetic programming.


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InvisibleAdden
I'm a teapot
Registered: 06/04/03
Posts: 39,201
Loc: Flag
Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: WhyDidiDoThis]
    #23982570 - 01/04/17 09:33 PM (7 years, 26 days ago)

Pulled this from my journal as I assume people will stumble across this in the search engine when doing cubes indoors.

Nice post thanks OP.

When mycelium colonizes and forms tissue the cells do something called anastomosis, that is they anchor themselves to adjacent cells via tube like structures, at this point something called Horizontal Gene Transfer can occur...what this means is that even in multistrain grows, genetics or (strains) narrow themselves down so that by the time fruiting happens there are very few fruiting strains, or at least the multiple strains therein have genetics in common with the other strains. Fruits in MS grows will often times still have similar genetics across the grow.


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OfflineAlan RockefellerM
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Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: Adden]
    #24834007 - 12/08/17 02:06 PM (6 years, 1 month ago)

The full paper that this talk was based on was recently published, and can be found here.


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Invisiblebreeg89
i'll tell ya hwhat

Registered: 05/04/11
Posts: 3,120
Loc: mass
Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #24834070 - 12/08/17 02:41 PM (6 years, 1 month ago)

Very cool. I wonder if psilocybin/psilocin have antibacterial properties. Indole and its derivatives are known to mediate inter-kingodom signaling processes between plants, fungi, bacteria, etc. I recall doing a quick literature search on the antibacterial properties of psilocybin, but came up empty.


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OfflineAlan RockefellerM
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Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: breeg89]
    #24834371 - 12/08/17 05:06 PM (6 years, 1 month ago)

Quote:

breeg89 said:
Very cool. I wonder if psilocybin/psilocin have antibacterial properties. Indole and its derivatives are known to mediate inter-kingodom signaling processes between plants, fungi, bacteria, etc. I recall doing a quick literature search on the antibacterial properties of psilocybin, but came up empty.





You could check with http://www.the-odin.com/the-iliad-project-kit-find-new-antibiotics-at-home/

Or a homebrew version of the same....


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Invisiblebreeg89
i'll tell ya hwhat

Registered: 05/04/11
Posts: 3,120
Loc: mass
Re: Mycological Society of America Meeting in Berkeley - Interesting Talk [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #24834420 - 12/08/17 05:26 PM (6 years, 1 month ago)

Thanks Alan. No problem with the homebrewing. I've been meaning to test that hypothesis.


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