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chemist777
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chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond
#21896046 - 07/04/15 09:31 AM (8 years, 6 months ago) |
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Using the concept of three-electron bond one can represent the actual electron structure of benzene:
See Review (138 pages, full version). Benzene on the Basis of the Three-Electron Bond. (The Pauli exclusion principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and chemical bond). http://vixra.org/pdf/1710.0326v4.pdf
https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3065288
Benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond:
1. Structure of the benzene molecule on the basis of the three-electron bond. http://vixra.org/pdf/1606.0152v1.pdf
2. Experimental confirmation of the existence of the three-electron bond and theoretical basis ot its existence. http://vixra.org/pdf/1606.0151v2.pdf
3. A short analysis of chemical bonds. http://vixra.org/pdf/1606.0149v2.pdf
4. Supplement to the theoretical justification of existence of the three-electron bond. http://vixra.org/pdf/1606.0150v2.pdf
5. Theory of three-electrone bond in the four works with brief comments. http://vixra.org/pdf/1607.0022v2.pdf
6. REVIEW. Benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond (93 p.). http://vixra.org/pdf/1612.0018v5.pdf
7. Quantum-mechanical aspects of the L. Pauling's resonance theory. http://vixra.org/pdf/1702.0333v2.pdf
8. Quantum-mechanical analysis of the MO method and VB method from the position of PQS. http://vixra.org/pdf/1704.0068v1.pdf
9. Review (138 pages, full version). Benzene on the Basis of the Three-Electron Bond. (The Pauli exclusion principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and chemical bond). http://vixra.org/pdf/1710.0326v4.pdf
https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3065288
10. Principle of Constancy and Finiteness of the Speed of Gravitational Interaction and Dark Matter. http://vixra.org/pdf/1806.0136v1.pdf
Links to all works:
http://vixra.org/author/bezverkhniy_volodymyr_dmytrovych
SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2828345
https://www.scribd.com/user/289277020/Bezverkhniy-Volodymyr#
https://archive.org/details/@threeelectronbond
https://www.amazon.com/Volodymyr-Bezverkhniy/e/B01I41EHHS/ref=la_B01I41EHHS_ntt_srch_lnk_1?qid=1470682529&sr=1-1
What think?
P.S. In the work "STRUCTURE OF THE BENZENE MOLECULE ON THE BASIS OF THE THREE-ELECTRON BOND" the fundamental is the statement that the three-electron bond can be considered as a fermion (in the more general case, that any complex object with half-integral spin is a fermion (imitates a fermion), and every complex object with a whole spin is a boson (simulates Boson)).
In physics, this statement in the general case (for compound fermions and bosons) was explained by Pauli using quantum field theory and the theory of relativity. This is stated in the book: R. Feynman, R. Leighton, M. Sands "Feynman lectures on physics". Volume 8, Quantum Mechanics (1). Chapter 2, Identical particles. Paragraph 1, Bose-particles and Fermi-particles. Page 34 (Russian translation, 1966).
Since the three-electron coupling is a fermion (Pauli has proved), then following the logic of chemistry explains the structure of benzene, aromaticity, the structure of organic and inorganic compounds. Organic chemistry and chemistry as a whole are self-sufficient sciences and their logic is flawless and perfect. Therefore, it was a mistake to "reduce" chemistry to physics.
Hückel rule (4n + 2) for aromatic systems can be written in a different form, in the form of 2n where n - unpaired number. So, we have: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, etc. This is also true for the electron shells in the atom and aromatic systems. The principle of the interaction of fermions always one, everywhere.
Theory of three-electrone bond in the four works with brief comments (full version). https://ia601509.us.archive.org/0/items/bezvoldv_ukr_12_201607/91Ok.pdf
Edited by chemist777 (06/12/18 03:58 PM)
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#21904014 - 07/06/15 04:47 AM (8 years, 6 months ago) |
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neat
What significance does the existence of a 3 electron bond have? Does it help fill gaps between theoretical and experimental chemical properties? Are there other ways that this can be useful?
Just asking, because its interesting
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: Jean-Luc Picard]
#21904189 - 07/06/15 06:34 AM (8 years, 6 months ago) |
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Using the concept of three-electron bond one can represent the actual electron structure of benzene, explain specificity of the aromatic bond and calculate the delocalization energy. It is easy to show, that using three-electron bond one can explain paramagnetization and structure of oxygen molecule, structure of carboxylate anion, ozone, naphthalene and other organic and non-organic compounds (p. 19 http://ru.scribd.com/doc/269637580/).
I note that the three-electron bond to describe the benzene molecule used even W.O. Kermak, R. Robinson and J. J. Thomson at the beginning of the 20th century. Here are links to their works: 1. Thomson, J. J. Philosophical Magazine, 1921, 41, 510-538. 2. W.O. Kermak and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc. 427 (1922). But since it is not taken into account the spin of electrons, we have already started cyclooctatetraene problems and therefore the description of the benzene molecule by a three-electron proved unsuccessful. Using the three-electron bond with multiplicity of 1.5 and take account of the spin of each electron leads to very good results in the description of the benzene molecule and explain the aromaticity in general. With the help of three-electron bond with multiplicity of 1.5 can be represented by a real formula of many organic and inorganic molecules without the aid of virtual structures.
Theory of three-electron bond is constantly evolving and is used in organic and inorganic chemistry. Below I give links to some work of scientists who have made an invaluable contribution to the development of application and understanding of the three-electron bond: 1. J.W. Linnett (a) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 83, 2643 (1961). (B) The Electronic Structures of-Molecules, (Methuen, London, 1964). (C) Science Progress (Oxford) 60, 1 (1972). 2. Linus Pauling. The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals: An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry 3rd Edition. Copyright 1939 and 1940, third edition. 1960 by Cornell University. 3. R. D. Harcourt. Qualitative Valence-Bond Descriptions of Electron-Rich Molecules: Pauling "3-Electron Bonds" and "Increased-Valence" Theory. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982. 4. Pauling's Legacy. Modern Modelling of the Chemical Bond. Edited by Z. B. Maksic. ELSEVIER 1999.
Benzene molecule with three-electron bond. W.O. Kermak and R. Robinson, J. J. Thomson.
Edited by chemist777 (05/25/17 02:12 PM)
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#21905399 - 07/06/15 02:05 PM (8 years, 6 months ago) |
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So I guess "fill in knowledge gaps" is the answer?
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chemist777
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: Jean-Luc Picard]
#22879224 - 02/08/16 02:18 PM (7 years, 11 months ago) |
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Using three electron bond like in benzene we can portray the real structure molecule of benzene by one formule. It was impossible without three electron bond. Using three electron bond we can portray really structure of molecule of oxygen, ozone, naftaline and other organic and not-organic sabstanse. Wery important to know, that three electrone bond have multipliciti 1.5 but not 0.5 like early in chemistry.
Using three electron bond will make totally new discaveries in organic chemistry, physix and medicine (study drugs).
Edited by chemist777 (05/25/17 02:13 PM)
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22882079 - 02/09/16 08:31 AM (7 years, 11 months ago) |
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If you want to know about three electron bond in benzene molecule and other chemistry, I can gradually explain it.
Edited by chemist777 (05/25/17 02:13 PM)
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22892321 - 02/11/16 04:28 PM (7 years, 11 months ago) |
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The reasons, why three-electron bond are exist:
1) We can represent the one true formule of benzene (p. 3 - 5 http://ru.scribd.com/doc/269637580/Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond).
One of the drawbacks of the resonance theory is that resonance structures do not exist in reality, and their objectification is a mistake. And assuming the existence of three-electron bond, we can represent the real formula of benzene, aromatic compounds, carboxylate anion, ozone, oxygen, etc. (p. 19 - 29 http://ru.scribd.com/doc/269637580/Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond)
2) We can simply and clearly explain the increase in the multiplicity of benzene from 1.5 to 1.67. by MO method calculations give a value of 1.67, but Pauling from resonant structures, which is logical (2 and 4 of the electron) gave 1.5. If the multiplicity is greater than 1.5 (eg 1.67), since the communication multiplicity in classical chemistry correlates with the amount of the bonding electrons (even if it is average) like: 2 electron multiplicity 1; 4 electron multiplicity 2; 6 electrons multiplicity 3; thene in benzene at a multiplicity of 1.67 in six (6) aromatic bonds as it further appears 1 electron: 1.67 - 0.17 = 1.5 6 * 0.17 = 1.02 At the three-electron bond in benzene and interaction through a simple explanation of the cycle - the cycle just a little compressed.
3) We can check experimentally: if the three-electron bond and interaction through the cycle are real, then it logically follows the bending real chemical bond density in benzene into benzene. It is important that the maximum density of the chemical bond will be shifted to the center of the benzene cycle link, which is what we are seeing in the atomic force microscopy images (AFM) pentacene (p. 1 - 2 http://ru.scribd.com/doc/270073259/Experimental-confirmation-of-the-existence-of-the-three-electron-bond-and-theoretical-basis-of-its-existence).
4) Experimental predicted effects: anti-aromatic system (core system) should be flat in order to make it through the interaction cycle. Therefore, to obtain photos and AFM antiaromatic cyclobutadiene cyclooctatetraene must be on a special matrix to consolidate their atoms to make the system perfect planarity (to make it through the interaction cycle), and after that, take a picture AFM permission. And if anti-aromatic photo is received, then we should see a shift of three-electron bonds outside the cycle, and, the picture will be in pentatsene but the loop (p. 4 – 5 http://ru.scribd.com/doc/270073259/Experimental-confirmation-of-the-existence-of-the-three-electron-bond-and-theoretical-basis-of-its-existence).
5) And if think ... ... reflect the existence of three-electron bond directly from the theory of resonance (resonance structures do not exist, in reality there is something average between them - and now think that should really be the basis of this, some real structure? .. of course the three-electron bond !!!).
The theory of three-electron bond accepted for granted the existence of three-electron bonds (one axiom), everything else is derived logically.
Now the question is how to explain the existence of the three-electron bond in benzene and other molecules and ions from the point of view of quantum theory. It stands to reason that any placement of three electrons on the same atomic or molecular orbital is out of the question. Therefore it is necessary to lay the existence of three-electron bond in molecules in reality as an axiom. In this case the three- electron bond in benzene can be actually considered a semi-virtual particle. A real particle, such as an electron, exists in the real world for indefinitely long time. Virtual particles exist for the time which is insufficient for experimental registration (strong interactions in atomic nuclei). So we shall call the three- electron bond which really exists for indefinitely long time only in molecules and ions a semi-virtual particle. The three-electron bond as a semi-virtual particle has certain characteristics: its mass is equal to three electronic masses, its charge is equal to three electronic charges, it has half-integer spin (plus, minus 1/2) and a real spatial extension. That is, our semi-virtual particle (the three-electron bond) is a typical fermion. Fermions are particles with half-integer spin; they follow the Fermi-Dirac statistics, and have appropriate consequences, such as the Pauli exclusion principle etc. An electron is a typical fermion, and therefore such distribution in atomic and molecular orbitals is accepted (calculated). It follows that the three-electron bond in benzene is a real fermion in benzene, so quantum calculations can be extended to the molecule of benzene (and other systems) with the use of corresponding fermion (i.e. three- electron bond as a particle) instead of the electron in calculations. Then everything shall be made as usual: the Pauli exclusion principle, distribution in MO, binding and disintegrating MO, etc.
Following from the above, interaction of two three-electron bonds in benzene (or rather interaction of three pairs) through the cycle is a typical interaction between two fermions in a molecule at a distance of 2,4 Å which is similar to the interaction of two electrons at the chemical bond formation.


Three-electron bond in benzene is classic, "direct", along the axis of the bond ( http://ru.scribd.com/doc/240666328/Structure-of-the-Benzene-Molecule-on-the-Basis-of-theThree-electron-Bond ), but not in the form of "banana bond". Due to real interaction through the cycle the bond should deviate slightly from the axis, possibly by 0,1 Å - 0,2 Å, somewhat shift a little to the centre of the cycle. This shift is very slight as compared to "banana bond".
Edited by chemist777 (05/25/17 02:14 PM)
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micro
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22919019 - 02/18/16 10:33 AM (7 years, 11 months ago) |
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AFAIK, what you are describing is a theory over 100 years old that nobody uses anymore.
There are alternating double bonds in the usual "picture" of a resonance structure (an oversimplification).
This would give 1 and 2 electrons in an alternating basis between carbons, so 3*2=6 pi electrons and 3*2=6 sigma electrons in the double bonds, and 3*2=6 sigma electrons in the single bonds.
Between carbons, there are an average of (12+6) / 6 = 3 electrons total, but it is the 6 pi electrons that are shared by all carbons.
This can be seen in electrostatic potential maps of benzene.
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: micro]
#22920480 - 02/18/16 05:42 PM (7 years, 11 months ago) |
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Ther is no theory like that. + and - on picks and in theory this not a Coulomb charge, author of theory denotes electron spins (up and down). And, three electron bond (what used in theory) this a new view of bond in chemistry (which has never been before). It is very important that the three electron bond has entered multiplicity 1.5. This is axiom and most fundamental assumption. In the chemistry used three electrone bond with multiplicity 0.5 (like in Oxygen) but it actually one electrone bond. Introduced three electrone bond with multiplicity 1.5 is the foundation of this theory, and essentially new kind of chemical bond.
Edited by chemist777 (05/25/17 02:15 PM)
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22948931 - 02/26/16 03:02 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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There is no three electron bond.
An orbital can't hold three electrons, so this makes absolutely no sense at all.
It makes sense why this was thought to be the case a long time ago, however.
I forget who proposed it, but 6 single bonds x 2 e- = 12 + 6 shared pi e- = 18, which / 3 = 6
We now know this isn't the case, evidenced from imaging of the electron clouds above and below.
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: micro]
#22949267 - 02/26/16 04:47 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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I think you don't read links. See p.4 https://ru.scribd.com/doc/270073259/Experimental-confirmation-of-the-existence-of-the-three-electron-bond-and-theoretical-basis-of-its-existence It explains, why three electron bond are exist from the perspective of quantum mechanics. Here's a little quote frome here:
"Now the question is how to explain the existence of the three-electron bond in benzene and other molecules and ions from the point of view of quantum theory. It stands to reason that any placement of three electrons on the same atomic or molecular orbital is out of the question. Therefore it is necessary to lay the existence of three-electron bond in molecules in reality as an axiom. In this case the three- electron bond in benzene can be actually considered a semi-virtual particle. A real particle, such as an electron, exists in the real world for indefinitely long time. Virtual particles exist for the time which is insufficient for experimental registration (strong interactions in atomic nuclei). So we shall call the three- electron bond which really exists for indefinitely long time only in molecules and ions a semi-virtual particle. The three-electron bond as a semi-virtual particle has certain characteristics: its mass is equal to three electronic masses, its charge is equal to three electronic charges, it has half-integer spin (plus, minus 1/2) and a real spatial extension. That is, our semi-virtual particle (the three-electron bond) is a typical fermion. Fermions are particles with half-integer spin; they follow the Fermi-Dirac statistics, and have appropriate consequences, such as the Pauli exclusion principle etc. An electron is a typical fermion, and therefore such distribution in atomic and molecular orbitals is accepted (calculated). It follows that the three-electron bond in benzene is a real fermion in benzene, so quantum calculations can be extended to the molecule of benzene (and other systems) with the use of corresponding fermion (i.e. three- electron bond as a particle) instead of the electron in calculations. Then everything shall be made as usual: the Pauli exclusion principle, distribution in MO, binding and disintegrating MO, etc.
Following from the above, interaction of two three-electron bonds in benzene (or rather interaction of three pairs) through the cycle is a typical interaction between two fermions in a molecule at a distance of 2,4 Å which is similar to the interaction of two electrons at the chemical bond formation."
The MO theory is just a simple math theory, and it not exist in real life, like resonanse structures. Read "The reasons, why three-electron bond are exist".
Edited by chemist777 (05/25/17 02:16 PM)
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micro
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22949818 - 02/26/16 07:08 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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No, they are pi bonds (as opposed to the other sigma bonds).
They aren't in the same orbital.
We know this now; you can clearly see the distinction between overlapping orbitals and the pi electron clouds.
Not rocket science and not anything new.
It's a molecule, not a subatomic particle... >.>
edit: not really s
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Edited by micro (02/26/16 07:14 PM)
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chemist777
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: micro]
#22950007 - 02/26/16 07:54 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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At first, quantum sustem of unpaired number of fermions is itself a fermion, is a classic, so three elctrons is typical fermion who will behave appropriately.
Second, description of the chemical bond using the pi and sigma bond this is one of the alternative description. The correct and fair description of the chemical bond there is description of multiple bonds with the help of bent bonds (Pauling, in 1930 years).
At this symposium (London, 1958) Pauling categorically stated: "There may be chemists who believe that it is extremely important innovation was the introduction of σ, π-description for the double or triple bond and conjugated systems instead of describing via bent bonds. I would argue that σ, π-description is less satisfactory than the description by means of curved links that this innovation is only transitory and will soon wither away." Pauling was right, the theory of valence bonds, which used σ, π-description chemical bonding, lost its leading position. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Теория_изогнутой_химической_связи)
"Two different explanations for the nature of double and triple covalent bonds in organic molecules were proposed in the 1930s. Linus Pauling proposed that the double bond results from two equivalent tetrahedral orbitals from each atom,[7] which later came to be called banana bonds or tau bonds.[8] Erich Hückel proposed a representation of the double bond as a combination of a sigma bond plus a pi bond.[9][10][11] The Hückel representation is the better-known one, and it is the one found in most textbooks since the late-20th century. There is still some debate as to which of the two representations is better,[12] although both models are mathematically equivalent. In a 1996 review, Kenneth B. Wiberg concluded that "although a conclusive statement cannot be made on the basis of the currently available information, it seems likely that we can continue to consider the σ/π and bent-bond descriptions of ethylene to be equivalent.[2] Ian Fleming goes further in a 2010 textbook, noting that "the overall distribution of electrons [...] is exactly the same" in the two models.[13]" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_bond This double bond is 2 equivalent sigma bond (pi bond is not present).

Becouse of this, description bonds with sigma and pi bonds is first method of description, description bonds with bent bonds is second method of description, description bonds with three electron bonds is third method of description. The correctness of the theory verified compliance of the experimental facts and predictions of new effects.
Theory of three electron bond predict in aromatic interesting effect: anti-aromatic system (core system) should be flat in order to make it through the interaction cycle. Therefore, to obtain photos and AFM antiaromatic cyclobutadiene cyclooctatetraene must be on a special matrix to consolidate their atoms to make the system perfect planarity (to make it through the interaction cycle), and after that, take a picture AFM permission. And if anti-aromatic photo is received, then we should see a shift of three-electron bonds outside the cycle, and, the picture will be in pentatsene but the loop (p. 4 – 5 http://ru.scribd.com/doc/270073259/Experimental-confirmation-of-the-existence-of-the-three-electron-bond-and-theoretical-basis-of-its-existence).
Edited by chemist777 (05/25/17 02:16 PM)
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22952699 - 02/27/16 04:50 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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double and triple covalent bonds do not have three electrons
The fact that bond angle can bend is well-known, for example BF3 is planar, having six valence electrons and NH3 (and NH4) is tetrahedral having a lone pair (which has a repelling effect on other electrons that is a bit stronger being closer to the nucleus). Water is "bent" having a bond angle of 104.5, a tetrahedral shape from the two lone pairs.
None of this changes the fact that there is no three electron bond.
It brings up a good point that bond angle could also be used to show this, however.
If there were other electrons it would have a repelling effect in the outer ring.
Quote:
The bond angles of 120° in benzene suggests that C atoms are sp2 hybridised. An alternative representation therefore starts with a planar framework and considers overlap of the p orbitals (p electrons).
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: micro]
#22953185 - 02/27/16 07:38 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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Of course three electron bonds not exist in ethylene, acetylene.
The theoretical justification is true and it should not be forgotten (just an ordinary electron is a fermion), as well as the curvature of bonds into pentacene is observed on the photo AFM.
But other than that if you use the three electron bond in benzene at once solved a lot of problems: 1. drawn real structure of the benzene molecule (and this is already an achievement). 2. are explained easily and clearly aromaticity of benzene and antiaromaticity cyclobutadiene. It becomes obvious why at 4n + 2 aromatic and at 4n antiaromatic. p. 4 – 5 https://www.scribd.com/doc/269637580/Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond
3. simply calculated delocalization energy of benzene (58,416 kcal / mol) p. 11 https://www.scribd.com/doc/269637580/Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond
4. easily and clearly explains the increase in the multiplicity of benzene from 1.5 to 1.66 (due to the interaction between the three electron bonds through a series of benzene slightly compressed). p. 11, 15,14 https://www.scribd.com/doc/269637580/Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond
5. easy and simple to explain the difference of external and internal signals of protons in [18] -annulene p. 20 – 21 https://www.scribd.com/doc/269637580/Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond
6. You can picture structure of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, naphthalene, anthracene, graphite, oxygen, ozone, carboxylate anion and other organic and non-organic compounds. p. 19 – 29 https://www.scribd.com/doc/269637580/Structure-of-the-benzene-molecule-on-the-basis-of-the-three-electron-bond
this is not enough ???
And still need to clearly understand that the existence of two-electron chemical bond does not follow from fundamental interactions. But must follow!!! Therefore, the chemical bond and does not appear "on the tip of the pen", and introduced explanation exchange interaction and the like, since it is clear and proven that a purely Coulomb interaction (electromagnetic) is not sufficient to describe chemical bond (where there is more than one electron). By the way one-electron bond is displayed "on the tip of the pen."
Think ... with chemical bonding distance between the electrons (couple) should be the maximum that was the least the Coulomb repulsion between them and at the same time the electrons need to be concentrated in the middle of chemical bond to make it existed! With the chemical bond and the two-electron three-electron all hard. Therefore, when a breakthrough in theoretical terms in this direction chemistry waiting for great things (you will agree that this chemistry is still an empirical science, and quantum mechanical calculations are not very used experimenters, such as synthetic organic chemistry, etc.).
P.S. http://vixra.org/author/bezverkhniy_volodymyr_dmytrovych
Edited by chemist777 (08/21/16 03:28 AM)
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22958676 - 02/29/16 01:51 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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Quote:
chemist777 said: Of course three electron bonds not exist in ethylene, acetylene.
Nobody mentioned them but thanks for that random tidbit of information :V
Quote:
chemist777 said: The theoretical justification is true and it should not be forgotten (just an ordinary electron is a fermion), as well as the curvature of bonds into pentacene is observed on the photo AFM.
Are you just throwing big words in here trying to win an argument you suck at by exhaustion?
If so, you fail miserably. Let's talk fermions:
Quote:
As a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle, only one fermion can occupy a particular quantum state at any given time. If multiple fermions have the same spatial probability distribution, then at least one property of each fermion, such as its spin, must be different
So, you CAN'T HAVE THREE FUCKING ELECTRONS IN AN ORBITAL.
GAWSH
You are obviously unable to admit when you are wrong, making idiotic assertions like THEORIES happen to be true (because you say so) however compelling the evidence is against it
just don't ever become a scientist, you suck at it :v
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chemist777
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: micro]
#22958738 - 02/29/16 02:22 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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You say: "As a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle, only one fermion can occupy a particular quantum state at any given time."
This is absolute true. But you must andestend one elementary for physix thing - sustem from unpaired noumber of fermions are fermion itself. It has long been known, and no one is interested. Before randomly criticize consult wits physicists. What is this means that in this case? This means, if we have three electrons (like for three electrone bond) the theoretically correct (in the quantum sense) to consider it as one fermion. And and this particular fermion occupies a certain orbital. Note, not three electrons placing on MO, but ONE FERMION (one particle, not three). Quite simply, this beautiful quantum world...
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micro
bunbun has a gungun



Registered: 05/09/03
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22959087 - 02/29/16 04:29 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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Quote:
chemist777 said: But you must andestend one elementary for physix thing - sustem from unpaired noumber of fermions are fermion itself.
Ar yuou drunkk? :V
Quote:
chemist777 said: It has long been known, and no one is interested.
THAT
... pretty much sums up every post i made :v
Quote:
chemist777 said: Before randomly criticize consult wits physicists.
i dun need randomly consult wit physicists :v
Let me show you the physics involved in backpedaling:
Quote:
chemist777 said: What is this means that in this case? This means, if we have three electrons (like for three electrone bond) the theoretically correct (in the quantum sense) to consider it as one fermion. And and this particular fermion occupies a certain orbital. Note, not three electrons placing on MO, but ONE FERMION (one particle, not three). Quite simply, this beautiful quantum world...
So, three electrons is one particle now :V
You are obviously delusional so you won't understand how ridiculous that sounds to everybody.
You can't backpedal and support your argument by claiming three electrons is one particle now.
Well, you can... >.> You did, but it sounds ridiculous.
There is a reason you keep citing the same article over and over again (seven consecutive times in one post!)
It's because nobody else takes it seriously.
Now, tell me the truth. Are you the guy who wrote that article? :V
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chemist777
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: micro]
#22960783 - 03/01/16 05:06 AM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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At first, you badly brought up.
Second, quantum system, consisting of an odd number of fermions are fermion itself (how painful, it is not specified in the English Wikipedia). Therefore, eliminate illiteracy: fermions - are particles or quasi-particles with half-integer spin. Examples of fermions: quarks, protons, neutrons, electrons, holes in semiconductors (it is a quasi-particle), the electron conduction in semiconductors (it is a quasi-particle) and the like.
Third, the existence of three electron bond take as an axiom. And further, for example to a benzene molecule it shows why it better.
Fourth, to understand what we need a certain level of understanding of organic chemistry (especially aromatics).
Fifth, how to explain the man three electron bond in benzene if he does not understand (based on the previous posts) explanation of double and triple bonds using this curved links Pauling. While it is beautiful and it more than 80 years.
P.S. In the work "STRUCTURE OF THE BENZENE MOLECULE ON THE BASIS OF THE THREE-ELECTRON BOND" the fundamental is the statement that the three-electron bond can be considered as a fermion (in the more general case, that any complex object with half-integral spin is a fermion (imitates a fermion), and every complex object with a whole spin is a boson (simulates Boson)).
In physics, this statement in the general case (for compound fermions and bosons) was explained by Pauli using quantum field theory and the theory of relativity. This is stated in the book: R. Feynman, R. Leighton, M. Sands "Feynman lectures on physics". Volume 8, Quantum Mechanics (1). Chapter 2, Identical particles. Paragraph 1, Bose-particles and Fermi-particles. Page 34 (Russian translation, 1966).
Since the three-electron coupling is a fermion (Pauli has proved), then following the logic of chemistry explains the structure of benzene, aromaticity, the structure of organic and inorganic compounds. Organic chemistry and chemistry as a whole are self-sufficient sciences and their logic is flawless and perfect. Therefore, it was a mistake to "reduce" chemistry to physics.
In the transition from the isolated atoms to the molecule there is a qualitative jump and we get a virtually new form of matter (chemical), which is no longer reduced to a simple mechanics of the motions of electrons and atomic nuclei (that is, to physics). But the laws of physics and quantum mechanics are unshakable, they can not be violated. Therefore, at the moment, the chemical bond is an "act of divine creation," which, alas, is not reducible to physics. There is no doubt that from the physical point of view it will be possible to describe, in time, and this will lead science (physics and chemistry) to a whole new level. But now the reason for the formation of a chemical bond can only be explained from the chemical point of view (in fact, by chemical expediency). If we consider the issue from the point of view of physics (4 fundamental interactions, motions of electrons and nuclei), then alas, the question is open...
This double bond is 2 equivalent sigma bond (pi bond is not present).
Edited by chemist777 (07/16/17 09:00 AM)
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chemist777
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Re: chemistry, benzene on the basis of the three-electron bond [Re: chemist777]
#22962285 - 03/01/16 02:44 PM (7 years, 10 months ago) |
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This is something interestin about fermions:
"Composite fermions In addition to elementary fermions and bosons, nonrelativistic composite particles made up of more fundamental particles bound together through a potential energy are composite fermions or bosons, depending only on the number of elementary fermions they contain:
A composite particle containing an even number of elementary fermions is a boson. Examples: A meson contains two fermion quarks and is a boson. The nucleus of a carbon-12 atom contains six protons and six neutrons (all fermions) and is also a boson. A composite particle containing an odd number of elementary fermions is a fermion. Examples: A baryon contains three quarks and is therefore a fermion. The nucleus of a carbon-13 atom contains six protons and seven neutrons and is therefore a fermion. The number of bosons within a composite particle made up of simple particles bound with a potential has no effect on whether the composite particle is a boson or a fermion.
In a quantum field theory, the situation is more interesting. There can be field configurations of bosons that are topologically twisted. These are coherent states that behave like particles, and they can be fermionic even if all the elementary particles are bosons. This situation was discovered by Tony Skyrme in the early 1960s, so fermions made of bosons are named Skyrmions.
Fermionic or bosonic behavior of a composite particle (or system) is seen only at large distances (compared to the size of the system). At proximity, where spatial structure begins to be important, a composite particle (or system) behaves according to its constituent makeup. For example, two atoms of helium cannot share the same space if it is comparable by size to the size of the inner structure of the helium atom itself (~10−10 m)—despite bosonic properties of the helium atoms. Thus, liquid helium has finite density comparable to the density of ordinary liquid matter."
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Fermion
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