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InvisibleRuralAnomaly
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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19628494 - 02/27/14 10:39 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

mtlmike90 said:
WHAT MY ANSWER DIDN't POST!!!!!!
Oh well, good job rural anomaly.

Mr. Bojangles I know what you were thinking but I don't think aquaporins are what help fungi grow. In animals aquaporins work to keep osmotic pressure and a chemical gradiant as well as allow water to flow between cells in tissues like the kidney. I know in plants aquaporins help with water transport from the roots to the the rest of the plant. In fungi though I'm not sure. especially because hyphal cells are seperated by septum which already is a big passage for water.




thanks mike! google (and duckduck) and wiki get most of the credit.
i just got good at using them.

this is just ruminating, but wouldn't there need to be something like a check-valve to keep the internal water pressure rising, if not constant so that the fruiting body can push up?  The understanding i have of a septum is that it IS a semi-permeable membrane (moreso than the more rigid but not exactly structurally solid walls of the hyphea ) and there would have to be means of setting up gradients, n'est-ce-pas?  wouldn't there be the same need to transport said water from the mycelium to the fruiting bodies? 

The speed at which they fruit always amazes me.  Just think if our hair grew like that after a rain... or a shower.  Or a six pack for that matter!


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: RuralAnomaly]
    #19628622 - 02/27/14 11:35 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

No prob dude, I'd be lying if I said I have all this info in my brain. I have to go back and look at my old notes and books sometimes, the interweb is a good resource too.

I don't know exactly what regulates growth in fungi. Especially how hypha are able to differntiate into a fruitbody and expand like that. I agree it's quite amazing. It really bugs me we know so much about the biology of vegetative growth and differentiation in plants and other organisms and not enough about fungi. We know quite a lot about yeast but filamentous fungi are somewhat ignored. Actualy I've been looking for PhD programs doing research in this. One of the lab's research investigates cell signaling through MAPK2 and how this signaling causes hypha to grow towards each other and fuse.

As for the septum, it is certainly semi-permeable. This just means organelles and macromolecules like large proteins can't pass through, water and nutrients like carbs are free to pass. However, organelles are known to pass sometimes. So either the septum isn't really that great of a barrier or there is a regulatory system to allow bigger things to pass. I did some searches on this last year but couldn't really find anything, maybe I'll do some research this weekend since I'm free.

I really don't know how water would be trasported to the mushroom. Plants are able to transport water from the roots to the top of the tree because of the negative pressure helping pull the water upwards. And the xylem tubes are really awesome that they can keep water in like a gaseous/liquid state that helps with water transport, and there is also a sugar gradient that helps. I know fungi get everything extracellularly so transporting things inside from the outside is much more regulated than transport between hypae.


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19628721 - 02/28/14 12:19 AM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Yeah I have no idea actually...I was just trying to come up with something that a layman could understand and I didn't want to be too easy and just say "water".  I would imagine that there would at least be some subclass of aquaporin that caused such an uptake and growth but idk.  Inducing fruiting seems to be brought about by exogenous chemicals containing sugar or nitrogen attached to a surfactant moiety (at least in oysters: http://web.bf.uni-lj.si/bi/biokemija/separati/BerMYR08.pdf ), so maybe there's a molecular switch there?  I would do more research but I'm in between positions which means I'm cut off from all the good databases :frown:


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InvisibleRuralAnomaly
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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19628733 - 02/28/14 12:23 AM (9 years, 11 months ago)

i thought i read somewhere that the nuclei actually migrate around through the mycelium and have to pass through the membrane when they're um.. too late and i'm tired, the term excapes me... when two spores have joined mycelium and mate successfully.  A random neuron firing says clamp connections might have something to do with that, but i'll have to go back and read about those again to remember what they're about exactly.

while i'm on a rhetorical rant, i wanted to toss this thought out for discussion and it may not be the place for it, but wth, this post is in progress, eh!?  and i've enjoyed the thoughtful nature of this thread.
its been a very long winter, and i wandered over to cultivation forum for some extra reading on these long nights just for kix n grinz, and after reading a few dozen teks it occured to me, seeing what substrate everyone is growing their things on...
has anyone considered the question of whether 'dung lovers' are really dung-lovers at all considering they're really not growing them on dung, but rather seeds.  I don't see any "grass clipping teks" only bird seed, popcorn, and rice.  eg grass seed, albeit human modified.

postulate 1.  psilocybe grow on seeds, not dung.
- observation.  anyone who has a horse may have noticed that horses in particular dont digest grass seeds all that thoroughly, which is why you really need to rot your manure super well before you add it to your garden, unless you want a real nice crop of grass growing with your tomatos.  That said, grass only seeds at certain times of the year so your early spring poo wont have any grass seeds in it, while in may (around here) and in sept it will as the various varieties do their thing.
maybe timothy in july.... but anyway...

postulate 2.  psilocybe is a tropical species, so technically, temperature and daylight is not much of a factor per most of the cultivation threads (within a nice warm range with 12hr days)
however, apparently it is not springing up all year long, why?
i postulate it is totally dependant on having a large quantity of seeds in the manure coincident with the grass seeding.
I've never lived in the south, so I have no idea when their native grasses are sporting seed, but i suspect its once in the spring, and once again in the fall with a different grass type when temps cool a bit.
If farmers are cutting hay, i bet cubes are growing in dung in uncut pastures, does this jibe with anyone's experience hunting them in the wild?
(and if this is a novel thought, you heard it here first folks!)


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: RuralAnomaly]
    #19629193 - 02/28/14 04:25 AM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Yeah pretty much. Spores are haploid, meaning they only have one set of chromosomes in the nucleus and are asexual. Hyphae are generated from germinating spores and then they fuse. Upon fusion, nuclei join making a diploid hypha that grows into mycelium. They vegitate and revert to haploidy by meiosis. and yeah ur right the nuclei can also travel through but its not really by the membrane. The nucleus never leaves the outside the cell. Two adjacent cells have to fuse, what happens is the cell wall is broken down first exposing the lipid membrane. When you have two adjacent lipid membranes touch they fuse, this causes exchange of intracelular material between the cells. It's not clear to me if nuclei can pass freely from cell to cell through the septum, or if there is a regulated transport mechanism. I also think its cool that unlike other eukaryotic cells, some fungal cells don't contain a nucleus while a single cell can contain several. Animal cells pretty much all have a nucleus. The only exception I can think of are red blood cells, they don't any.

I've grown for a few years and I think I know how to answer your observations. You have the right idea but look at it this way.
Psilocybe mushrooms are saprobes meaining they eat dead material. The dung-lovers eat manure because it is already digested/ broken down and infested with nutritious/beneficial bacteria and other fungi. Poo can hold moisture quite well also. All of these are reasons why you don't really see Psilocybes growing straight out of fresh straw/hay in the wild.

The reasons why seeds work in cube cultivation are because: 1)They are fairly nutritious, can retain water very well, and they can be broken up easily from clumps making it perfect spawn. You can't really use only seeds as a substrate though because it doesn't contain all the nutrients and beneficial microorganisms that manure has. You have to PC the seeds to kill everything anyway, right? Which brings me to the next point. 2) By soaking the seeds and PCing, you are breaking down all the polysaccharides and proteins that make up the seed, making it softer and easier to break down for ur fungus. This is the same reason why we heat rice, or beans, or pasta because we can't really digest those polysaccarides if we don't cook them first. I'm not saying the mycelia can't because they could, they have those enzymes that we don't. But I guarantee you that if you just inoculate without PCing, not only would you get a contam, but  I don't think the cube mycelia would be able to break through the tough shell on the seed. At least until the bacteria and mold does it.

Not all Psilocybe's are from the tropics, such as the Psilcoybe's in California and PNW. You missed something about the tropics though, that is the humidity and rain frequency. I have family that lives out in Arkansas and I've done some cube hunting down there. Temp isn't really a factor as long as its not too cold like below 50f. People thought before that cubes don't grow above the freeze line but reports show that cubes can grow several hundred miles above the freeze line, like in Missouri and Tennessee. Even on the hottest day you can still see shrooms growing because of the rain and humidity. Think about it, all those poo patties are sitting out in the field getting full to partial sunlight during the hot summer. If it didn't rain and stay humid during the summer in the tropics, the poo would simply dry out in the sun and no fungi can grow on it.

Well that was long and it's 3am, hope its legible.


Edited by MachineElf1.618 (02/28/14 04:41 AM)


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19637597 - 03/02/14 12:08 AM (9 years, 11 months ago)

awesome reply, thanks for the thought and effort you put into it, especially further explaining the mechanisms the fungi use.  I'd also read about some cells having multiple nuclei which is astounding and definately need to revisit some reading.  I've heard it said you have to see something a dozen times to remember you've seen it (but not remember details) and have to go another order of magnitude to hundred to remember the details for a short time, and another order to thousand to never forget it.  so much to remember! so much to forget!
so little time!  and sorry i didnt reply earlier, i got busy yesterday/today.

as for the cubes, i've never grown them, or any mushrooms for that matter so this is just from reading that these conjectures spring forth.  I take your point that not all psilocybe are the same, i really was thinking primarily of cubensis i guess.  it was late so i may not have been all that clear in writing (or of mind heh)
i agree that the dung provides a nice moist and pasturized (pun?) place to grow, but i think my point was more to the timing of when they grew coinciding with the seasonal cycle of seeding that grasses go through, otherwise you'd find them all year round, all other things being equal.
I would say the process of getting chewed and worked on by enzymes and soaked in various gastric juices equates to your pressure cooker prepping the grain.  There would be micro damage to seed hulls even if intact and the seed would be moisture saturated as well.  I'm not convinced any of the probiotics are even needed since you do sterilize before inoculation, yes?  seems to grow just fine in absence.  i assume alot of the contams you get in growing in vitro might be out there in dung too but might not like the pH as well so they just don't get going as fast, especially not if already colonized.

i would also argue you don't see them growing from hay/straw because hay is bone dry or its not hay.  I will tell you i check old bales now and they DO have lots of things growing from them after a year or so of sitting out getting waterlogged.  By the time i was getting any good at identifying things the season had pretty well passed this year, but i've scoped out some bales i know have been stewing now for at least 4 years and will look forward to what pops out.  i'll post pics of course!


I also wonder if seed can get colonized still in the colon.
*bada bing*

sorry, couldnt resist.

i'm not sure what the pH of horse poo is.  i've googled but most talk about stuff scraped out of stalls with straw and urine in it. straight poo isn't that.  maybe someone who would admit to testing it will chime in.
as far as finding them in tenn. i'd say a good strong front blowing up from texas potentially brings spores that far north, but they may not survive the winter if its one like this year.

who knows, perhaps i might start informally polling peeps that post pics and see if said grasses were ceding seeds simultaneously; we might all learn something.
and although more than a bit off topic, thanks again for the conversation, all the  points you raise are certainly good ones and thought provoking.

if nobody guesses at my antibiotic by late tomorrow i'll deem it too boring and maybe come up with another one ? or anyone that has one can post, i think we can handle more than one and if one drops by the wayside, thats fine too.  my ego has dealt with worse blows ;/


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: RuralAnomaly]
    #19640910 - 03/02/14 06:26 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

RuralAnomaly said:
if nobody guesses at my antibiotic by late tomorrow i'll deem it too boring and maybe come up with another one ? or anyone that has one can post, i think we can handle more than one and if one drops by the wayside, thats fine too.  my ego has dealt with worse blows ;/




Not boring at all...I was just giving a few days for other people to have a chance at it :smile:.  But to move things along, the molecule is pleuromutilin.  Interesting that derivatives may have efficacy against MRSA...hmmm.


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: Mr. Bojangles]
    #19645041 - 03/03/14 03:38 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

yes sir, that is it!
i got tied up again last night (not literally mind you)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuromutilin

Pleuromutilin was first discovered as an antibiotic in 1950. It is derived from the fungus Clitopilus passeckerianus (formerly Pleurotus passeckerianus), and has also been found in Drosophila subatrata, Clitopilus scyphoides, and some other Clitopilus species.


maybe we can make a gentle-person's agreement that if you know you got it, go ahead and as you say, keep the ball rolling and post another (if you want)
if someone requests additional details on an answer, that can happen simultaneously i suppose?


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: RuralAnomaly]
    #19645514 - 03/03/14 04:58 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

I can deal with that.  The following molecule may look like a DNA coil to some, but it is not.  It is found in all living organisms and the structure contains 4 domains (technically 5 but one is variable :wink: ).  More specifically, the picture below shows this molecule's tertiary structure. 





Hopefully I wasn't too cryptic!


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: Mr. Bojangles]
    #19646262 - 03/03/14 07:12 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

it pays to have questions in mind when watching stuff

i finally got around to checking out some stamets vids on youtube
and lo and behold, a direct mention of how water is transported to the fruiting body:

he likened it to a one way gate valve

http://myceliumconnection.blogspot.com/2013/04/fungal-word-friday-dolipore-septum.html


paul stamets mentions this right at the end of this first segment of "Mysteries of Mycology"
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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: RuralAnomaly]
    #19648671 - 03/04/14 03:50 AM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

but i think my point was more to the timing of when they grew coinciding with the seasonal cycle of seeding that grasses go through, otherwise you'd find them all year round, all other things being equal.




I don't quite understand what you mean because grains all have different seasonal cycles. And it depends on each species needs. Like there's winter wheat and spring wheat for example. Whereas fungi primarily grow along with the rainy season unless you have those mushrooms that get sprinkler water year round or other mushrooms can survive from fog drip in the summer. And on some occasions cubes can be found in the winter depending on the climate.

Quote:

I'm not convinced any of the probiotics are even needed since you do sterilize before inoculation, yes?  seems to grow just fine in absence.  i assume alot of the contams you get in growing in vitro might be out there in dung too but might not like the pH as well so they just don't get going as fast, especially not if already colonized.




Mycelium will colonize seed just fine I'm talking about fruiting it. There is a notable difference between fruits growing on only seed and fruits growing on manure from seed spawn. The fruits growing on manure look more robust and healthy and gave a higher yield than the seed. You have to sterilize the grain because there are endospores that germinate and grow in moist, still air, and anaerobic (low to zero oxygen) conditions such as the inside of an airtight jar filled with moist seeds. Compare this to the outside where you have constant airflow and fluctuating environmental factors. Those contams thrive in that environment and outcompete the fungus you actually want. Manure gets pasteurized so you kill all the bad organisms but keep the beneficial ones. These contams also grow in the wild, such as trich (green mold) that lives in the soil and is beneficial for plants. In nature environmental factors are controlling the growth of these contaminations. One of those main factors are definitely airflow though.

Quote:

i would also argue you don't see them growing from hay/straw because hay is bone dry or its not hay.  I will tell you i check old bales now and they DO have lots of things growing from them after a year or so of sitting out getting waterlogged.  By the time i was getting any good at identifying things the season had pretty well passed this year, but i've scoped out some bales i know have been stewing now for at least 4 years and will look forward to what pops out.  i'll post pics of course!




I completely agree, thats why I made sure to say the keyword "fresh".

Quote:

I also wonder if seed can get colonized still in the colon.
i'm not sure what the pH of horse poo is.  i've googled but most talk about stuff scraped out of stalls with straw and urine in it. straight poo isn't that.  maybe someone who would admit to testing it will chime in.





Actually, I remember reading somewhere that fungal spores can start germinating in the animal. Whether that is fact or not I have no clue, but there is no doubt that animals are a big part of the cubensis life cyle. I say this because I think the cows' digestive system is what facillitates inoculation of the manure. Picture this, spores are carried by wind or insects and land on grass or straw or whatever. The cow eats the straw with the spores. The spores are able to survive the acidic pH of the stomach and then travel to the intestines where they can then be mixed with all the digested plant material. They are crapped out produce mushrooms and coninue the cycle. This is a far better method of inoculation than a spore landing on a cow patty out in the field. Not saying this doesn't happen though.

I've also tested the pH of manure using pH paper. I did this by dipping a strip into the manure juice from the pasteurizer. It was 6.5 pH. However that was dry manure because fresh manure is no good for pasteurization, its really gross actually. I can estimate that in the stomach of a cow the pH would be from like the mid 5 to low 6pH. Our stomach can go down to mid 2 to 3pH. Cows don't need that strong of a stomach though because they don't need to digest animal tissue. As a matter of fact, cows don't really digest the plant material either because they don't have the enzymes to breakdown the complex carbohydrates like cellulose. They use the bacteria in their stomachs to do the digestion for them.

Quote:

as far as finding them in tenn. i'd say a good strong front blowing up from texas potentially brings spores that far north, but they may not survive the winter if its one like this year.



It's very unlikely a wind current can carry spores from Texas to Tennessee. That's like almost a thousand miles apart. Spores can also survive the winter, spores can pretty much take anything.


Edited by MachineElf1.618 (03/04/14 03:58 AM)


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: Mr. Bojangles]
    #19648727 - 03/04/14 04:41 AM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

Mr. Bojangles said:
I can deal with that.  The following molecule may look like a DNA coil to some, but it is not.  It is found in all living organisms and the structure contains 4 domains (technically 5 but one is variable :wink: ).  More specifically, the picture below shows this molecule's tertiary structure. 





Hopefully I wasn't too cryptic!




That is tRNA or more specifically aminoacyl-tRNA (charged). It wasn't cryptic, not trying to brag or anything but I learned biochem from one of the discoverers of tRNA. He'd be ashamed if I didn't know what this was. Especially because he would always fucking talk about it.

For those of you reading that don't know what tRNA is, it is actually the brain behind protein synthesis. Many still believe the ribosome is what makes the protien when it is really tRNA. The ribosome just facillitates initiation, translocation, and terminate in RNA translation. tRNA is what is able to recognize the codon on the mRNA tanscript and then add the corresponding amino acid to the growing peptide chain which becomes a protein when fully folded. It's just astonishing that these non-concious molecules know how to carry out there job specifically and effectively because a single mistake could kill the cell.

The picture of the fungus isn't the best but I'm gonna guess a Psilocybe.


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19650463 - 03/04/14 02:43 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

mike, thanks again for refining my thinking, and kindly not just saying i'm a dumbass and need to do more reading.

its interesting that they don't fruit well from the grain exclusively, although the rice teks are apparently popular, evidently the matrix matters with the vermiculite, it seems the seed would work the same way.  I take it you get a lot better results from the grain/bulk mix.

I really do want to try my hand at some edibles one of these days, somewhat romantic notions of finding something worth cloning float around sometimes.  I'll save those questions for the cult. forum when the time comes so this isn't too off topic.

i did some more searching and found a couple sources that state the pH of fresh horse poo is between 6.7 and 6.9, the lower when supplemented with grain, so its pretty neutral by the time its processed in the gut.
I learned they have pretty small stomachs and it clears w/in an hour into the intestines, which also process it relatively quickly.

of course, after awhile in a field that probably changes again, to what i'm not sure.  i'll have to find some pH paper too lol.

I also just learned that most of the nutrition is derived from the bacterial fermentation of the cellulose into VFA's (volatile fatty acids) per the vet folks which we would probably call short-chain fatty acids.  Really never gave it much thought before.  Hay goes in one end, poo comes out the other, end of story...

cows. i'm only fond of cows on a grill. (and cheese!)  i had neighbor cows to deal with for 14 years where i used to live, and they soured my perspective on those critters i guess!  I can't respect an animal that craps down its own legs.

(from wiki)
Short-chain fatty acids are a sub-group of fatty acids with aliphatic tails of two to six carbons. They include:

    Formic acid
    Acetic acid
    Propionic acid
    Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid)
    Butyric acid
    Isovaleric acid (3-methylbutanoic acid)
    Valeric acid (pentanoic acid)


tRNA is cool stuff.  i was reading about "RNA world" the other day when you guys first posted those proteins and it eventually got to touching on that briefly as well.  Amazing what goes on, ain't it.

edit:
i forgot i wanted to add a couple links i found interesting (and also hopefully the general readership?) before we go too much further along.

if this isn't time lapse video, its doubly astounding.

http://phys.org/news/2013-07-fungus-cell-freeway-video.html

i can see why mr. stamets gets mystical.  just how the hell does it do that.  what did  they find out! i wanna know!

and this is a wiki page on the fungus, which is, i just found out, extensively studied.  (but not by me obviously)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurospora_crassa



Edited by RuralAnomaly (03/04/14 04:01 PM)


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: RuralAnomaly]
    #19650849 - 03/04/14 03:58 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Mtlmike: Yes and Yes :smile: (the fungus is P. weilii, sorry for the pic).  That's awesome about your professor...shoulda got some time in that research group!  I think RNA, in all its forms, is the coolest fucking thing in biochemistry.  Not to mention the therapeutic uses that we use it for (RNAi)...what can't it do?  :lol:  There's so many variations that perform so many critical cellular functions.  When I try to fathom how such specific processes evolved, it just boggles my mind...and I've been doing this for quite some time.  It makes it seem like the mechanisms of cellular function are deliberate, conscious processes.


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: RuralAnomaly]
    #19651550 - 03/04/14 06:13 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

Its interesting that they don't fruit well from the grain exclusively, although the rice teks are apparently popular, evidently the matrix matters with the vermiculite, it seems the seed would work the same way.  I take it you get a lot better results from the grain/bulk mix.




I started with the pf tek and its really helpful to learn cultivation. I think its popular because the materials are pretty easy to get, affordale, and really simple to do. Plus some people don't need to produce ounces, and they're ok with a few eigths for themselves and their buddies. Check this ouut if you want to see some grain teks. http://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/19178351#19178351

Sorry to OP and any mods reading I know its off topic.

Quote:

i did some more searching and found a couple sources that state the pH of fresh horse poo is between 6.7 and 6.9, the lower when supplemented with grain, so its pretty neutral by the time its processed in the gut.
I learned they have pretty small stomachs and it clears w/in an hour into the intestines, which also process it relatively quickly.



That's something that always surprised me about manure. I use horse manure and that stuff looks like it was barely digested. Probably because of the high pH in the gut and the speed food can travel in the digestive tract. No wonder cows and horses are pretty much always eating. They barely digest their food and need to keep with the energy demand fo their bodies.

Quote:

I also just learned that most of the nutrition is derived from the bacterial fermentation of the cellulose into VFA's (volatile fatty acids) per the vet folks which we would probably call short-chain fatty acids.  Really never gave it much thought before.  Hay goes in one end, poo comes out the other, end of story...



Yep, that is also why manure has a distinct smell. Its from the odor of some of the volatile fatty acids and other volatile molecules like ammonia. All these compounds you mentioned are stinky. I've actually had a whiff of propionic acid before, that stuff smells soo bad!

    Formic acid
    Acetic acid
    Propionic acid
    Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid)
    Butyric acid
    Isovaleric acid (3-methylbutanoic acid)
    Valeric acid (pentanoic acid)

Quote:

http://phys.org/news/2013-07-fungus-cell-freeway-video.html




Dude this awesome! Thanks for sharing, only problem is I have so many questions now and I need answers like right now. Something that doesn't make sense to me is how there are millions of nuclei in one cell. I know fungal cells can have several nuclei, but millions of them? Mycelium is also composed of thousands of cell segemnts, are they saying that N. crassa is just one big ass cell with millions of nuclei? I dunno doesn't make sense to me really. And from that video it doesn't look the septum is very permeable and not regulated. Nuclei are shooting through.

Quote:

and this is a wiki page on the fungus, which is, i just found out, extensively studied.  (but not by me obviously)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurospora_crassa




N. crassa is the model organism for filamentous fungi. For the longest, yeast was the model organism for all fungi. Scientists figured out though that yeast being a unicellular organisms works prety differnt than the other memebers of the fungi group.


Edited by MachineElf1.618 (03/04/14 06:28 PM)


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19651649 - 03/04/14 06:31 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

Mr. Bojangles said:
Mtlmike: Yes and Yes :smile: (the fungus is P. weilii, sorry for the pic).  That's awesome about your professor...shoulda got some time in that research group!  I think RNA, in all its forms, is the coolest fucking thing in biochemistry.  Not to mention the therapeutic uses that we use it for (RNAi)...what can't it do?  :lol:  There's so many variations that perform so many critical cellular functions.  When I try to fathom how such specific processes evolved, it just boggles my mind...and I've been doing this for quite some time.  It makes it seem like the mechanisms of cellular function are deliberate, conscious processes.




Ah P. weilii I see, my next guess was P. oviodocystidiata. I'm assuming you took this picture? Did you try them out? I applied to join his lab but you can imagine its really hard to get in. His researchers stay for like two years, and then when a spot opens he selects students at the very top which isn't really me. Biochem is pretty hard when you have to know everything down to the most minor detail. You seem to know quite a bit, did you study bio?


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19651749 - 03/04/14 06:56 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

This specific protein in the picture is from Staphylococcus aureus, but the mushroom in the other picture produces a protein that is analogous to the protein in S. aureus. That is, even though both of  these proteins are made by two completely different organisms, they still share the same function and are part of the same class of proteins. Big Hint: Furthermore, this class of proteins integrates itself into the cellular membrane of a particular cell type and causes cell lysis (Cell breakdown). The cell type it affects is in the name of the protein. This protein is also the main toxin produced by the fungus, despite this people still eat them in europe.

Name the species, the protein, and if possible briefly identify the cell it targets and how it lysis this cell.




I think this pic should be enough to ID the mushroom, it was already in my gallery and was faster than getting a pic from google. If you need a better image just ask I'll post a pic from the internet.


Edited by MachineElf1.618 (03/04/14 06:58 PM)


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19652113 - 03/04/14 08:30 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

mtlmike90 said:
Quote:

Mr. Bojangles said:
Mtlmike: Yes and Yes :smile: (the fungus is P. weilii, sorry for the pic).  That's awesome about your professor...shoulda got some time in that research group!  I think RNA, in all its forms, is the coolest fucking thing in biochemistry.  Not to mention the therapeutic uses that we use it for (RNAi)...what can't it do?  :lol:  There's so many variations that perform so many critical cellular functions.  When I try to fathom how such specific processes evolved, it just boggles my mind...and I've been doing this for quite some time.  It makes it seem like the mechanisms of cellular function are deliberate, conscious processes.




Ah P. weilii I see, my next guess was P. oviodocystidiata. I'm assuming you took this picture? Did you try them out? I applied to join his lab but you can imagine its really hard to get in. His researchers stay for like two years, and then when a spot opens he selects students at the very top which isn't really me. Biochem is pretty hard when you have to know everything down to the most minor detail. You seem to know quite a bit, did you study bio?




Nah I pirated the pic haha.  I was just trying to find a distinct psilocybe, which I always thought weilii was.  They do have a distinct "flavor" to them, though :smile:

I feel ya on the lab stuff...best part about working for those kind of people is the recommendation letter they can give you, the knowledge you gain is usually the same as long as you're doing independent research.  I did my undergrad in biochemistry, then went into industry doing mainly biology, then did graduate studies in organic/bioorganic...I have a bit of experience in a bit of everything.  Biochem is a lot of shit to remember but it's worth it.  Plus if you end up doing graduate work you get to forget (not really, but kinda) all the stuff that doesn't pertain to your research :grin:


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: Mr. Bojangles]
    #19652431 - 03/04/14 09:30 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

Nah I pirated the pic haha.  I was just trying to find a distinct psilocybe, which I always thought weilii was.  They do have a distinct "flavor" to them, though :smile:



So you've tried them then? Hows the potency? Sorry I'm just always interested in hearing other people experience with shrooms that aren't cyans, libs, or cubes.

Quote:

Biochem is a lot of shit to remember but it's worth it.  Plus if you end up doing graduate work you get to forget (not really, but kinda) all the stuff that doesn't pertain to your research :grin:



That's awesome man, good shit on finishing grad school. I'm still looking for the right PhD program. The grad students in the lab I'm in always say that too. I can understand though, there are so many differnt fields in biology and each of them has a buttload of info to know.


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Re: Guess That Fungi/Mushroom Chemical!! [Re: MachineElf1.618]
    #19659858 - 03/06/14 03:59 PM (9 years, 11 months ago)

Quote:

mtlmike90 said:
So you've tried them then? Hows the potency? Sorry I'm just always interested in hearing other people experience with shrooms that aren't cyans, libs, or cubes.




Oh yes, they're quite potent!  Definitely more so than your average cube.  Take it easy if you ever encounter some, I'll say that much :wink:  It is probably my favorite kind of active to eat.  This is all subjective, however, but there's just a little extra something to it that I can't describe...perhaps its the process of actually hunting them myself.  Cyans are quite potent as well (never had libs) but I do not enjoy the activity of eating them nearly as much as weilii.

Quote:

mtlmike90 said:
That's awesome man, good shit on finishing grad school. I'm still looking for the right PhD program. The grad students in the lab I'm in always say that too. I can understand though, there are so many differnt fields in biology and each of them has a buttload of info to know.




Just make sure you know which field you want to go into before hunting for graduate programs.  Too many times I've seen people stop their graduate work because they don't work with what they like.  And realize you may not get into the lab you had your eye on if you attend a specific program, have about 3 professors in mind you'd like to work with in case your dream PI turns out to be an asshole.  Probably stuff you've heard before but they're biggies!


--------------------
"It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong."

Francois-Marie Arouet


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