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InvisibleSimplepowa
In Pursuit of Knowledge


Registered: 03/06/09
Posts: 4,310
Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol * 2
    #18869983 - 09/20/13 10:38 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

In another example of nature beating chemists, the African plant Nauclea latifolia has been found to be a natural source of the synthetic opioid tramadol. First marketed in 1977, tramadol is frequently used to relieve moderate to moderately-severe pain. While other synthetic drugs have later been found in nature, this is the first instance where the discovery involves clinically viable concentrations.

Colloquially known as the ‘African peach’ or ‘pin cushion tree’, N. latifolia is a flowering, sub-Saharan evergreen that grows widely across Central and West Africa and is used by local populations to treat a wide variety of ailments – including epilepsy, malaria, general pain and many infectious diseases.

To uncover the source of the plant’s reported pain killing effect, the researchers fractioned methanolic extracts of the plant by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The resulting fractions were then tested in an assay using live mice, revealing the fraction with the greatest analgesic properties.

‘Our results indicate that high amounts of the analgesic drug, tramadol, can be obtained through a simple extraction procedure from Nauclea latifolia found in Cameroon or sub-Saharan areas,’ says Michel De Waard, a neuroscientist at the Université Joseph Fourier. De Waard adds that the root of the plant could be viably used as a source of tramadol because of the significantly high concentrations of the drug – over 1% of the original dry content.

The team used NMR and HRM spectroscopy, as well as x-ray crystallography, to determine the structure and confirm it as tramadol. Further spectroscopic and isotope ratio analyses confirmed that the compound extracted was indeed natural in origin, and not a by-product of cross-contamination. This unexpected discovery supports the traditional uses of N. latifolia roots in the treatment of pain; however, although other parts of the plant are also used in traditional remedies, the team found no analgesic compounds in the rest of the plant.

While it is probably too early to speculate on the widespread cultivation of N. latifolia to make tramadol, the team have developed a simplified process for extracting the drug and are hopeful this might be of benefit to local communities. De Waard explains that while synthetic tramadol is not a costly drug in most developing countries, it is still expensive for many African citizens.

‘The work described has been performed in a rigorous manner, and the highly experienced investigative team has taken great pains to show that tramadol is actually a natural product produced by its plant of origin, Nauclea latiolia,’ says Douglas Kinghorn, a medicinal chemist from the Ohio State University, who did not take part in this study. ‘This report… shows that the subject of ethnopharmacology still has much to offer biomedical research in terms of drug discovery.’

While the study focussed exclusively on N. latifolia from Cameroon, several other species of Nauclea also grow across Africa and the team are now investigating if they also make tramadol, as well as just how the plant makes the drug

17 September 2013
Ian Randall
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2013/09/african-plant-natural-source-tramadol


--------------------
Carl Sagan - "Who are we? We find that we live on an insignificant planet of a humdrum star lost in a galaxy tucked away in some forgotten corner of a universe in which there are far more galaxies than people."

---

Robert Pirsig - "When one person suffers from a delusion it is called insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion it is called religion."

---

Brian Cox - "[One] problem with today’s world is that everyone believes they have the right to express their opinion AND have others listen to it. The correct statement of individual rights is that everyone has the right to an opinion, but crucially, that opinion can be roundly ignored and even made fun of, particularly if it is demonstrably nonsense."


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InvisibleDestitute
floss daily

Registered: 11/28/12
Posts: 4,027
Loc: where
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: Simplepowa]
    #18870263 - 09/20/13 11:44 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

HOLY SHIT, nice!


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Offlinesprinkles
otd president
Other User Gallery
Registered: 10/13/12
Posts: 21,527
Loc: washington state Flag
Last seen: 3 years, 16 days
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: Destitute]
    #18870275 - 09/20/13 11:49 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

tramadol is crap


--------------------
welcome to my world http://www.shroomery.org/forums/postlist.php/Board/326


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InvisibleMush 4 Brains
about tree fiddy
Male User Gallery

Registered: 12/19/07
Posts: 8,298
Loc: Tacos
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: sprinkles] * 1
    #18870338 - 09/21/13 12:13 AM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

sprinkles said:
tramadol is crap



You're crap, tramadol is the shit..


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Offlinexbloodwhipx

Registered: 02/24/12
Posts: 12,791
Last seen: 4 years, 5 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: Mush 4 Brains]
    #18870429 - 09/21/13 12:56 AM (10 years, 4 months ago)

What if ALL drugs are found in nature, and every drug can be made in a lab. there synthetic versions are just created in a lab and real versions are grown. And we havent found out how to make drugs like herion purely in a lab. But we know how to grow it.
And we havent found a meth plant, but can make it in a lab. We havent found a LSD plant, but it can be made in a lab etc.

That would be something huh? Actually wouldnt tramadol be the ONLY drug that can be made in a lab and ALSO be grown?


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OfflineDrGuano
Male
Registered: 12/06/08
Posts: 740
Last seen: 2 years, 5 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: xbloodwhipx]
    #18870734 - 09/21/13 03:24 AM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Actually wouldnt tramadol be the ONLY drug that can be made in a lab and ALSO be grown?




lol wut? Nah bro, all types of stuff we find in nature we can also make in the lab. Think cocaine and other tropanes for example. They give soldiers an epi-pen with atropine as a nerve gas antidote, they dont extract it from berries, well, they can. But they make it in a lab.
I mean fuck, almost any natural chem can be made in a lab....you really think all the morphine in all the worlds hospitals comes from some flowers? Plus what they divert to make heroin?
The psilocin/psilocybin used in the end of life studies now aint extracted from fungal biomass..... its synthed.

I apologize for the gross missuse of the english language (grammar, spelling, what have you) as well as any dickishness. its like 530am, i haven't slept, i gotta do the whole work thing all day......im beat. that post just got to me, idk


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Offlinetacodude
Old Soul
 User Gallery
Registered: 07/20/10
Posts: 1,753
Last seen: 2 years, 7 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: xbloodwhipx]
    #18870736 - 09/21/13 03:27 AM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

xbloodwhipx said:
What if ALL drugs are found in nature, and every drug can be made in a lab. there synthetic versions are just created in a lab and real versions are grown. And we havent found out how to make drugs like herion purely in a lab. But we know how to grow it.
And we havent found a meth plant, but can make it in a lab. We havent found a LSD plant




http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_berlandieri

Hey! It's a amphetanicadmethescalinetinemine tree!

Edit: LSA grows in morning glory as well as I bet a micro organism or chsin of them could naturally turn the precursor of LSD or LSA into LSD-25.


I also wouldn't be surprised if herion is naturally produced in small amounts in some poppy variation. This would be a wild guess though.


Edited by tacodude (09/21/13 03:38 AM)


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OfflineDrGuano
Male
Registered: 12/06/08
Posts: 740
Last seen: 2 years, 5 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: tacodude] * 1
    #18870738 - 09/21/13 03:28 AM (10 years, 4 months ago)

oh yea....theres also a meth tree.
the future is now! lmao


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InvisibleTheDrake
Male User Gallery


Registered: 06/15/07
Posts: 1,720
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: Simplepowa]
    #18870888 - 09/21/13 05:35 AM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Simplepowa said:
In another example of nature beating chemists, the African plant Nauclea latifolia has been found to be a natural source of the synthetic opioid tramadol. First marketed in 1977, tramadol is frequently used to relieve moderate to moderately-severe pain. While other synthetic drugs have later been found in nature, this is the first instance where the discovery involves clinically viable concentrations.

Colloquially known as the ‘African peach’ or ‘pin cushion tree’, N. latifolia is a flowering, sub-Saharan evergreen that grows widely across Central and West Africa and is used by local populations to treat a wide variety of ailments – including epilepsy, malaria, general pain and many infectious diseases.

To uncover the source of the plant’s reported pain killing effect, the researchers fractioned methanolic extracts of the plant by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The resulting fractions were then tested in an assay using live mice, revealing the fraction with the greatest analgesic properties.

‘Our results indicate that high amounts of the analgesic drug, tramadol, can be obtained through a simple extraction procedure from Nauclea latifolia found in Cameroon or sub-Saharan areas,’ says Michel De Waard, a neuroscientist at the Université Joseph Fourier. De Waard adds that the root of the plant could be viably used as a source of tramadol because of the significantly high concentrations of the drug – over 1% of the original dry content.

The team used NMR and HRM spectroscopy, as well as x-ray crystallography, to determine the structure and confirm it as tramadol. Further spectroscopic and isotope ratio analyses confirmed that the compound extracted was indeed natural in origin, and not a by-product of cross-contamination. This unexpected discovery supports the traditional uses of N. latifolia roots in the treatment of pain; however, although other parts of the plant are also used in traditional remedies, the team found no analgesic compounds in the rest of the plant.

While it is probably too early to speculate on the widespread cultivation of N. latifolia to make tramadol, the team have developed a simplified process for extracting the drug and are hopeful this might be of benefit to local communities. De Waard explains that while synthetic tramadol is not a costly drug in most developing countries, it is still expensive for many African citizens.

‘The work described has been performed in a rigorous manner, and the highly experienced investigative team has taken great pains to show that tramadol is actually a natural product produced by its plant of origin, Nauclea latiolia,’ says Douglas Kinghorn, a medicinal chemist from the Ohio State University, who did not take part in this study. ‘This report… shows that the subject of ethnopharmacology still has much to offer biomedical research in terms of drug discovery.’

While the study focussed exclusively on N. latifolia from Cameroon, several other species of Nauclea also grow across Africa and the team are now investigating if they also make tramadol, as well as just how the plant makes the drug

17 September 2013
Ian Randall
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2013/09/african-plant-natural-source-tramadol



i wonder how long until the online herbal shops start stocking this plant?


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Offlinedark3st
Stranger

Registered: 08/02/13
Posts: 3,332
Last seen: 8 years, 3 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: TheDrake]
    #18870982 - 09/21/13 06:48 AM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Does world seed supply hold this?
Tramadol has the best opiate high under morphine/oxy/codeine


--------------------
Back.. I'm going to do it...I'm getting sober from opiates ... I got weed, gabapentin, propranolol, and GHB, I have 100mg tramadol left. I can do this. I can do this.

OFINTQWGVGAKGCYKBUBX
free dark P. Tampanensis prints to ODD members.

no stamps atm

FREE SEEDS for ODD WCA  members ONLY

I have these seeds:
Orange, red, and yellow sweet peppers, Purple poppies, White Habanero, Yellow Thai, Bolivian rainbow peppers, milk thistle, red chilly pepper, HBWR.


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OfflinetweekingTwak
shroomery sage

Registered: 03/19/12
Posts: 1,154
Last seen: 6 years, 10 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: dark3st]
    #18872243 - 09/21/13 01:40 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

i bet if you ate the plant or made tea out of it it would work way better then tramadol and thats why tramadol sucks so much like how people smoke DMT and praise that when its shit compared to doing it properly


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Offlinesarahsativa
<3
Female

Registered: 09/14/13
Posts: 5
Last seen: 9 years, 6 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: tweekingTwak]
    #18873323 - 09/21/13 06:38 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

I got sick on a low dose of Tram (about 100mg) so I never tried it again. I prefer nucynta if I do any opiates. :heart:


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InvisibleCounterCulturest
-Positive Mental Attitude-

Registered: 01/18/10
Posts: 3,662
Loc: Nesting on modems
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: sprinkles]
    #18873635 - 09/21/13 08:07 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

sprinkles said:
tramadol is crap



If your body sucks so much it can't feel it then it's crap.


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Offlinesprinkles
otd president
Other User Gallery
Registered: 10/13/12
Posts: 21,527
Loc: washington state Flag
Last seen: 3 years, 16 days
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: CounterCulturest]
    #18873870 - 09/21/13 09:09 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

CounterCulturest said:
Quote:

sprinkles said:
tramadol is crap



If your body sucks so much it can't feel it then it's crap.





Tramadol is not even a controlled drug.  Go nuts.

Id eat a handfuls from a 500 count bottle.  Its useless.


--------------------
welcome to my world http://www.shroomery.org/forums/postlist.php/Board/326


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OfflineChuckfinely
another round for me an my buddy

Registered: 06/27/13
Posts: 628
Last seen: 4 years, 3 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: sarahsativa]
    #18873880 - 09/21/13 09:11 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

sarahsativa said:
I got sick on a low dose of Tram (about 100mg) so I never tried it again. I prefer nucynta if I do any opiates. :heart:





Did i read it right when it says the roots can be 1% tramadol when dry?

That means to take 100mg tram you would only need to eat 10 grams of dry roots. Toss em on a salad with some strong flavored dressing and maybe they wouldnt be so bad lmao :shrug:


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InvisibleCounterCulturest
-Positive Mental Attitude-

Registered: 01/18/10
Posts: 3,662
Loc: Nesting on modems
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: sprinkles]
    #18874044 - 09/21/13 10:02 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

sprinkles said:
Quote:

CounterCulturest said:
Quote:

sprinkles said:
tramadol is crap



If your body sucks so much it can't feel it then it's crap.





Tramadol is not even a controlled drug.  Go nuts.

Id eat a handfuls from a 500 count bottle.  Its useless.



It is controlled. I only eat 2 and I get high for 8 hours. Useless ? You're not a very smart person lol.


Edited by CounterCulturest (09/21/13 10:47 PM)


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Offlinedark3st
Stranger

Registered: 08/02/13
Posts: 3,332
Last seen: 8 years, 3 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: CounterCulturest]
    #18874148 - 09/21/13 10:35 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

I get high for 24hr off tramadol and it is not controlled. You jusr need an RX if not buying on some sites.


--------------------
Back.. I'm going to do it...I'm getting sober from opiates ... I got weed, gabapentin, propranolol, and GHB, I have 100mg tramadol left. I can do this. I can do this.

OFINTQWGVGAKGCYKBUBX
free dark P. Tampanensis prints to ODD members.

no stamps atm

FREE SEEDS for ODD WCA  members ONLY

I have these seeds:
Orange, red, and yellow sweet peppers, Purple poppies, White Habanero, Yellow Thai, Bolivian rainbow peppers, milk thistle, red chilly pepper, HBWR.


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InvisibleCounterCulturest
-Positive Mental Attitude-

Registered: 01/18/10
Posts: 3,662
Loc: Nesting on modems
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: dark3st]
    #18874180 - 09/21/13 10:47 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

dark3st said:
I get high for 24hr off tramadol and it is not controlled. You jusr need an RX if not buying on some sites.




Ive been told by 2 different pharmacists that it's now controlled. Just barely. I also had the police tell me the same thing when they found my script of them (but who knows, cops aren't very smart). I keep hearing it just barely got scheduled.


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Offlinedark3st
Stranger

Registered: 08/02/13
Posts: 3,332
Last seen: 8 years, 3 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: CounterCulturest]
    #18874197 - 09/21/13 10:56 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

No its not. Same schedule as butabital with APAP and caffeine.  Its the same as getting a script for naproxin. I got caught selling it. Charges were dropped because the cops are dumb asses.

the thought it was straight butabital witch is CIII not unscheduled like the combination.


--------------------
Back.. I'm going to do it...I'm getting sober from opiates ... I got weed, gabapentin, propranolol, and GHB, I have 100mg tramadol left. I can do this. I can do this.

OFINTQWGVGAKGCYKBUBX
free dark P. Tampanensis prints to ODD members.

no stamps atm

FREE SEEDS for ODD WCA  members ONLY

I have these seeds:
Orange, red, and yellow sweet peppers, Purple poppies, White Habanero, Yellow Thai, Bolivian rainbow peppers, milk thistle, red chilly pepper, HBWR.


Extras: Filter Print Post Top
Offlinedark3st
Stranger

Registered: 08/02/13
Posts: 3,332
Last seen: 8 years, 3 months
Re: Synthetic drug found in nature: tramadol [Re: dark3st]
    #18874202 - 09/21/13 10:58 PM (10 years, 4 months ago)

I should clarify.  Its RX only. But still not illegal like the others. Some gray area really. Some states it is scheduled though.


--------------------
Back.. I'm going to do it...I'm getting sober from opiates ... I got weed, gabapentin, propranolol, and GHB, I have 100mg tramadol left. I can do this. I can do this.

OFINTQWGVGAKGCYKBUBX
free dark P. Tampanensis prints to ODD members.

no stamps atm

FREE SEEDS for ODD WCA  members ONLY

I have these seeds:
Orange, red, and yellow sweet peppers, Purple poppies, White Habanero, Yellow Thai, Bolivian rainbow peppers, milk thistle, red chilly pepper, HBWR.


Extras: Filter Print Post Top
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