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InvisibleSynthe
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10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice
    #18715830 - 08/16/13 06:13 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

http://www.alternet.org/drugs/10-geniuses-who-used-drugs-and-their-drugs-choice?paging=off
August 14, 2013  | 



Is intelligence related to an increased likelihood of recreational drug use? It's an interesting hypothesis, and one that's been gaining momentum in recent years.

If a definitive link between intellectual capacity and drug use does exist, it will likely be some time before anyone establishes one. Having said that, this much is for certain: history has more than its fair share of experimenting experimentalists. Let's meet 10 of history's most influential scientific and technological visionaries, along with their drugs of choice.

1. Sigmund Freud — Cocaine

To Freud, cocaine was more than a personal indulgence; he regarded it as a veritable wonder drug, and for many years was a huge proponent of its use in a wide array of applications. In a letter written to his fianceé, Martha, Freud wrote: "If all goes well, I will write an essay [on cocaine] and I expect it will win its place in therapeutics by the side of morphine and superior to it... I take very small doses of it regularly against depression and against indigestion and with the most brilliant of success."

Freud published such a review, titled "Uber Coca" in 1884. Interestingly, Freud's paper was one of the first to propose drug substitution as a therapeutic treatment for addiction. While replacing morphine with cocaine is something we now know to be counterproductive to recovery, the concept of substitution therapies persists to this day. (For a great overview of Freud's relationship with cocaine, check out this post by Scicurious.)

2. Francis Crick — LSD

Francis Crick — of the DNA-structure discovering Watson, Crick, and Franklin — reportedly told numerous friends and colleagues about his LSD experimentation during the time he spent working to determine the molecular structure that houses all life's information.

In fact, in a 2004 interview, Gerrod Harker recalls talking with Dick Kemp — a close friend of Crick's — about LSD use among Cambridge academics, and tells the Daily Mail that the University's researchers often used LSD in small amounts as "a thinking tool." Evidently, Crick at one point told Kemp that he had actually "perceived the double-helix shape while on LSD."

3. Thomas Edison — Cocaine Elixers

In 1863, French chemist Angelo Mariani invented "Vin Mariani," a Bordeaux wine treated with coca leaves, the active ingredient of which is none other than cocaine. The ethanol content in the Bordeax could extract cocaine from the coca leaves in concentrations exceeding 7mg per fluid ounce of wine. Thomas Edison — the prolific American inventor and notorious insomniac (though perhaps not surprisingly) — was one of many people of the period known to regularly consume the cocaine-laced elixir.

4. Paul Erdös — Amphetamines

Paul Erdös — well known for his hyperactivity; his habit of working 19-hour days, even well into his old age; and his tendency to show up on his colleagues' doorsteps demanding they ''open their minds'' to mathematical dialogue — was one of the most prolific mathematicians who ever lived, publishing more peer-reviewed papers than any other mathematician in history.

His secret? According to him, amphetamines. Included here is an excerpt from a book published in 1998 by Erdös' de factobiographer, science writer Paul Hoffman, which explains Erdös' proclivity for amphetamine use:

    Like all of Erdös's friends, [fellow mathematician Ronald Graham] was concerned about his drug-taking. In 1979, Graham bet Erdös $500 that he couldn't stop taking amphetamines for a month. Erdös accepted the challenge, and went cold turkey for thirty days. After Graham paid up — and wrote the $500 off as a business expense — Erdös said, "You've showed me I'm not an addict. But I didn't get any work done. I'd get up in the morning and stare at a blank piece of paper. I'd have no ideas, just like an ordinary person. You've set mathematics back a month." He promptly resumed taking pills, and mathematics was the better for it.



5. Steve Jobs — LSD

LSD was a big deal for Steve Jobs. How big? Evidently, Jobs believed that experimenting with LSD in the 1960s was "one of the two or three most important things he had done in his life." What's more, he felt that there were parts of him that the people he knew and worked with could not understand, simply because they hadn't had a go at psychedelics. This latter sentiment also comes through in his recently-published biography, wherein Jobs goes so far as to associate what he interpreted as Bill Gates' dearth of imagination with a lack of psychedelic experimentation:

"Bill is basically unimaginative and has never invented anything, which is why I think he's more comfortable now in philanthropy than technology. He just shamelessly ripped off other people's ideas."

"He'd be a broader guy," Jobs says about Gates, "if he had dropped acid once or gone off to an ashram when he was younger."

6. Bill Gates — LSD

Which is funny, because Bill Gates totallydidexperiment with LSD, though an excerpt from a 1994 interview with Playboy reveals he was much less open about it than Jobs:

PLAYBOY: Ever take LSD?
GATES: My errant youth ended a long time ago.
PLAYBOY: What does that mean?
GATES: That means there were things I did under the age of 25 that I ended up not doing subsequently.
PLAYBOY: One LSD story involved you staring at a table and thinking the corner was going to plunge into your eye.
GATES: [Smiles]
PLAYBOY: Ah, a glimmer of recognition.
GATES: That was on the other side of that boundary. The young mind can deal with certain kinds of gooping around that I don't think at this age I could. I don't think you're as capable of handling lack of sleep or whatever challenges you throw at your body as you get older. However, I never missed a day of work.



7. John C. Lilly — LSD, Ketamine

Neurocientist John C. Lilly was a pioneer in the field of electronic brain stimulation. He was the first person to map pain and pleasure pathways in the brain; founded an entire branch of science exploring interspecies communication between humans, dolphins, and whales; invented the world's first sensory deprivation changer; and conducted extensive personal experimentation with mind-altering drugs like LSD and ketamine.

It bears mentioning that Lilly's experiments with interspecies communication, personal psychedelic use, and sensory deprivation often overlapped.



8. Richard Feynman — LSD, Marijuana, Ketamine

Feynman was always careful about drug use, for fear of what it might do to his brain — giving up alcohol, for example, when he began to exhibit symptoms of addiction. InSurely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he writes, "You see, I get such fun out of thinking that I don't want to destroy this most pleasant machine that makes life such a big kick. It's the same reason that, later on, I was reluctant to try experiments with LSD in spite of my curiosity about hallucinations."

Nevertheless, Feynman's curiosity got the best of him when he became acquainted with none other than John C. Lilly and his sensory deprivation tanks. Feynman experimented briefly with LSD, ketamine, and marijuana, which he used to bring on isolation-induced hallucinations more quickly than he could when sober.

9. Kary Mullis — LSD

Who, you may be asking, is Kary Mullis? Let's put it this way: If you've worked in a biomedical research lab since the 1980's, there is an exceedingly good chance you've performed a polymerase chain reaction (aka PCR, the lab technique that can turn a single segment of DNA into millions of identical copies), or are at least familiar with it. You have Mullis to thank for that. While Mullis didn't invent the PCR technique, per se, he improved upon it so significantly as to revolutionize the field of biomedical research,securing himself a Nobel Prize in chemistryin the process.

The secret to Mullis' breakthrough? In a September, 1994 issue of California Monthly, Mullis says that he "took plenty of LSD" In the sixties and seventies, going so far as to call his "mind-opening" experimentation with psychedelics "much more important than any courses [he] ever took." A few years later, in an interview for BBC's Psychedelic Sciencedocumentary, Mullis mused aloud: "What if I had not taken LSD ever; would I have still invented PCR?" To which he replied, "I don't know. I doubt it. I seriously doubt it."

10. Carl Sagan — Marijuana

Preeminent astrophysicist and cosmologist Carl Sagan not only smoked marijuana regularly, he was also a strong advocate for its use in enhancing intellectual pursuits — though not as publicly as others on this list. Having said that, Sagandid contribute an essay to the 1971 book titled Marijuana Reconsidered that spoke to the virtues of marijuana use. The piece was penned under the assumed name "Mr. X." The identity of its true author was only revealed after Sagan's death.


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OfflinePsilosopherr
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Synthe] * 1
    #18715954 - 08/16/13 06:48 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

god steve jobs sounds like an asshole in this. They both stole ideas and I don't care either way


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OfflineCamwritesgonzo
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Psilosopherr]
    #18716187 - 08/16/13 07:56 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Yeah, it's funny that there's a movie coming out that makes Jobs look like some sort of technological Jesus Christ, when really he was a total prick that was good at marketing shit and telling people what they wanted and why they wanted it. Glad to see Carl Sagan on that list though. The man not only had a great mind, but his writings remain nothing short of a perfect blending of art, science, mathematics, history, and more, blended together in a beautiful way that makes reading his words a truly blissful experience. His legacy is a testament to the brilliance that cannabis can bring out within the human mind.


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"I've always maintained that reality is for those who can't face drugs."-Tom Waits
"I feel the same way about disco as I feel about herpes."-Hunter S. Thompson
A squid eating dough in a polyethylene bag is fast and bulbous, got me?


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OfflineTmethylM
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Camwritesgonzo]
    #18716469 - 08/16/13 09:21 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Awesome stuff.

LSD seems to be the leader here.


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¯\_(ツ)_/¯


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InvisibleFuturesight
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Tmethyl]
    #18716820 - 08/16/13 10:57 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Didn't know about Crick's LSD use before this. Now my father thinks that the double-helix is "bumpkist" because of what I showed him on this page.


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InvisibleGilgamesh18
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Registered: 03/01/12
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Futuresight]
    #18716974 - 08/16/13 11:24 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Fuck yea Amps for the wint I MUST BE A GENIUS


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Invisiblesmack
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Gilgamesh18]
    #18717220 - 08/17/13 12:27 AM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Freud! :rofl:


:freud:


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14:31


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OfflineRockhound
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: smack]
    #18717398 - 08/17/13 01:42 AM (10 years, 6 months ago)

I agree whole heartedly except for fraud.


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Rocks speak to me, and tell me this:
The Hell Creek formation is a gigantic slab of rocks that covers several western states. It contains an account of the dinosaurs' demise.  In the late Cretaceous period, the first Cannabis species appear, and soon after, all the non-bird dinosaurs disappeared. Obviously, marihuana killed the dinosaurs. That giant meteor that smacked the yucatan peninsula right afterwards, coincidence.


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Invisiblesmack
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Rockhound]
    #18717400 - 08/17/13 01:43 AM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Freud's accomplishments had little to do with cocaine.

His passion for the drug was just an eccentric offshoot. Just like most things he is remembered for.


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14:31


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Offlinerubberlizard
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Futuresight]
    #18717562 - 08/17/13 02:56 AM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Quote:

Futuresight said:
Didn't know about Crick's LSD use before this. Now my father thinks that the double-helix is "bumpkist" because of what I showed him on this page.




What does bumpkist mean? never heard it before :smile:


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OfflineNature Boy
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Camwritesgonzo]
    #18717932 - 08/17/13 07:07 AM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Quote:

Camwritesgonzo said, in part:
Yeah, it's funny that there's a movie coming out that makes Jobs look like some sort of technological Jesus Christ, when really he was a total prick that was good at marketing shit and telling people what they wanted and why they wanted it.




:whathesaid:  I read his autobiography.  He was a dick.  He shit all over people, and was a weird-ass mofo.  Crazy diets, odd behavior...at times a downright mean-spirited sociopath.  It was his way, or the highway.

N.B.


--------------------
All submitted posts under this user name are works of pure fiction or outright lies.  Any information, statement, or assertion contained therein should be considered pure unadulterated bullshit.  Note well:  Sorry, but I do not answer PM's unless you are a long-time trusted friend.  If you have a question, ask it in the appropriate thread.

                                                                               


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Offlineallseeingike
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Nature Boy]
    #18718258 - 08/17/13 09:24 AM (10 years, 6 months ago)

I came across this yesterday but only though about sending it to my mom


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OfflineMycelium-yum
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Synthe]
    #18718767 - 08/17/13 12:44 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Quote:

"Bill is basically unimaginative and has never invented anything, which is why I think he's more comfortable now in philanthropy than technology. He just shamelessly ripped off other people's ideas."




Whether Bill ripped off ideas or not, I agree with Steve that experimenting with certain substances brings forth an awakening that stays with you afterwards.


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"Before researchers become researchers they should become philosophers.” -Masanobu Fukuoka.


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Invisiblejoemolloy
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Mycelium-yum] * 1
    #18719025 - 08/17/13 02:00 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

I'm anxious to read the follow up  article, "10 million Worthless Screwballs - And Their Drugs of Choice"


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Invisiblemapleleafmarijuana
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: joemolloy] * 1
    #18719199 - 08/17/13 02:46 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

'you've set mathematics back by a month'
fuck i love that quote


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Vinegar Tom
stay black cocksucker, thats the most important thing - joey coco diaz
Flesh is Weak. All Hail the Machine God!


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OfflineNature Boy
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: joemolloy]
    #18719461 - 08/17/13 04:03 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

OMFG!!!!  JM has resurfaced!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Welcome back dear friend!  :rockon:

N.B.


--------------------
All submitted posts under this user name are works of pure fiction or outright lies.  Any information, statement, or assertion contained therein should be considered pure unadulterated bullshit.  Note well:  Sorry, but I do not answer PM's unless you are a long-time trusted friend.  If you have a question, ask it in the appropriate thread.

                                                                               


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OfflineMycelium-yum
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: joemolloy]
    #18720411 - 08/17/13 08:39 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Quote:

joemolloy said:
I'm anxious to read the follow up  article, "10 million Worthless Screwballs - And Their Drugs of Choice"




:duckhunt: :thumbup:


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"Before researchers become researchers they should become philosophers.” -Masanobu Fukuoka.


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InvisibleGilgamesh18
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: joemolloy]
    #18720429 - 08/17/13 08:44 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

Quote:

joemolloy said:
I'm anxious to read the follow up  article, "10 million Worthless Screwballs - And Their Drugs of Choice"



:lol:


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Invisiblemapleleafmarijuana
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: Gilgamesh18]
    #18720462 - 08/17/13 08:51 PM (10 years, 6 months ago)

What was the guy who invented sliced bread on? That always seems like a noted invention


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Vinegar Tom
stay black cocksucker, thats the most important thing - joey coco diaz
Flesh is Weak. All Hail the Machine God!


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Offlinehank.s
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Re: 10 Geniuses Who Used Drugs -- And Their Drugs of Choice [Re: mapleleafmarijuana]
    #18726722 - 08/19/13 09:41 AM (10 years, 6 months ago)

I'd like to add the great George Carlin.  LSD, Psilocybin, and who knows what else.  Although he did regard magic mushrooms or "really good LSD" to be the best for opening your mind.


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