That History Channel article is bullshit because it makes casual assertions with absolutely no evidence rather than sticking to factual reporting --
"Johnson initially claimed that the primary purpose of the U.S. military operation was to evacuate Americans and other foreign nationals, but in truth the U.S. soldiers were sent to prevent the restoration of the exiled president of the country, Juan Bosch."
Really? Says who? No quotes from anyone supporting this statement -- merely a baldfaced assertion that this was the case. If they had said, "in truth, the US soldiers were sent to prevent Fidel Castro from invading the country," or "in truth, the US soldiers were sent to prevent Haitian agitators from crossing the border," would you believe it?
Who wrote that article for the History Channel? Has he ever set foot in the country? Who did he interview? For pete's sakes, not even Juan Bosch himself ever took the stance that article did!
If you seriously refuse to accept "The History Channel" and/or the other sources as credible, then arguing with you is pointless.
If you seriously refuse to accept the much more detailed articles I provided, some of them written by Dominicans (and Dominicans who were critical of the United States, at that -- read the articles and you will see this), then arguing with you is pointless. The statements from Dominicans who were here at the time it happened, some of them actively aligned with one side or the other, counts more than a single unsupported assertion from a television station.
Fine, I'll concede this because the important point is that the US took sides and fought against his forces.
The Constitutionalists were not Bosch's forces. Bosch was in exile and remained in exile. He had no control over the multifaceted "Constitutionalists", and directed none of their actions. They were a polyglot group (including even some, though not many, Communists -- Bosch himself was no Communist, as even Kennedy and Johnson were aware), factionalized and in violent disagreement over one another on key issues, as the links I provided (and even some of the ones you provided) show. The fact that their public stance was that they favored reinstating Bosch does not make them "his forces".
Again, if you don't trust credible sources, I can't do any better than that.
Some of the links you provided were worth reading, as I pointed out. The first group of links was essentially worthless. Again, I say my sources -- the people who were actually involved and the many MANY detailed books and articles those people have written about that time -- are more credible than most of the ones you provided.
Besides, you argue that since you've been there for 16 years you know how people felt about something that happened nearly 40 years ago.
As another of the links you provided pointed out, Dominicans are VERY passionate, opinionated, and knowledgeable about their history and their politics. I have had many, MANY conversations with Dominicans about everything from Trujillo to the Three Sisters to Bosch to Balaguer to Fernandez and more -- including the events of 1962-1966. While not every single one holds exactly the same opinion (some I have spoken to voted for Bosch every chance they got, for example), every one WITHOUT EXCEPTION was grateful that the US ended the civil war and arranged elections. The Bosch supporters were of course displeased that Bosch lost that election, and almost all the Boschites are vehement that Balaguer "rigged" at least two and probably three later elections (especially the 1994 election!), but not even the most radical Boschite I have spoken to (or read an article from) has ever tried to tell me that the US/OAC supervised election was anything other than scrupulously honest. Dominicans, having been either colonial subjects or the pawns of dictators for almost all of their history, are great believers in the democratic process.
Further, every one (again without exception, although some of them were kind of sullen about admitting it) told me that had the US not intervened, it was almost a certainty there would have been years more fighting, thousands more dead, and a never-ending series of coups and counter-coups.
Don't you dare presume to tell me how Dominicans feel, Cornholio. I extend an open invitation to you to visit me here any time and talk to Dominicans in their fifties and sixties -- the ones who lived through that time. How's your Spanish?
It confirmed that US forces fought against and killed Constitutionalists, er I mean "rebels". Interesting how in most articles, it was the "Loyalists" vs the "Constitutionalists", but in the article you liked, it was the "Loyalists" vs the "rebels".
As I have pointed out, the fighting was not restricted to that between Constitutionalists and Loyalists -- it was not that cut and dried. There were a lot of factions, fighting between themselves as well as against the junta. Some were simple rioters and criminals with no particular political agenda at all. Civil wars are chaotic affairs -- there is rarely a simple A vs B divide. As one of your own links says --
"The revolutionists called themselves Constitutionalists, the movement was a mix of lower ranking officers (and therefore younger), political opposition groups, and the mob on the streets. Some truly hoped that violence would lead to a restoration of 1963 constitution and democracy. Others were communists who had temporarily joined in with? the reformers. However the largest group were mere rioters who took advantage of the weapons being passed out on street corners in the capitol and took up looting with the protection of their new firearms. These weapons passed out to the populace by the rebel forces would prove a problem for Dominicans long after 1965. "
Here's more from that same link --
"Twice in the last 6 years communist insurgencies had tried to take the country. Most notably in 1959 when Castro landed a a small guerrilla force too "liberate" the island. It was quickly crushed.. Even Truijillo had flirted with the Soviet Union going so far as to allow Soviet radio broadcasts. Yet the humanitarian and historical concern cannot be over looked, as it has been by many historians.? The country had been embroiled in conflict for much of it's post-Trujillo period and had made little reform. Many Dominicans were starving to death and out of work In the rural countryside the conditions were so bad that some girls were being sold into slavery."
"More importantly in the diplomatic sense was the creation of the Government of National Reconstruction or GRN. This government combined some Constitituionalists with some members of the Junta established on the 28th along with a large body of "neutrals" and included a large number of popular Dominican politicians. This body showed signs of actually lasting and the US officially severed ties with the Loyalistas and stopped them from conducting air force or naval operations against the rebels. President Lyndon Johnson was furious about the unhindered Loyalista rampage against the Radio Station in the North of the city and ordered all support to the Loyalistas to stop - the US was to be officially? neutral."
I ask again -- do you bother to actually read the articles in the links you provide?
Besides, what about the 1 million people who left the Dominican Republic after 1965?
What about them?
Things weren't so rosy after the US "fixed" things, which is the whole point of this argument.
Oh my goodness! Things weren't "so rosy" after five years of chaos, looting, starvation, the selling of girls into slavery; in a country that had first been subjugated and plundered for centuries by various foreign powers and then completely raped by the devil Trujillo -- well, DUH!!!
The whole point of this argument is that the Dominican people (thanks to the US) were once again able to freely elect a government of their own choosing and get on with their lives. With the benefit of hindsight, some now say that they would have been better off electing Bosch rather than Balaguer. Perhaps this is true, perhaps not. The point is that it was the entire Dominican populace who made the choice, not a military junta or a civilian junta or an armed mob. Try to imagine just how "rosy" things would have been after another five (or more) years of civil war, with one coup after another after another.
The point of this whole argument is to prove that not all US backed regime changes have been successful. I don't mean any disrespect, but most history links would say the the Dominican Republic is NOT a success story.
Then you haven't looked at the right history links. The Dominican Republic has the fastest growing economy in Latin America (probably due to the large degree of freedom they have -- as you are well aware) as well as one of the longest (possibly the longest -- I am unsure) uninterrupted stretches of democratically-elected governments in Latin America. Compared to the majority of Latin American ex-colonial countries, it is doing well. It is certainly doing better than it would have had the civil war continued for years.
pinky
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