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OfflineLearyfanS
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Today in counterculture history (04/30) * 1
    #14375317 - 04/29/11 11:11 PM (12 years, 8 months ago)

  • 1975:  The Vietnam War ends





Quote:

The Vietnam War was a Cold War era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the U.S. and other anti-communist nations.  The Viet Cong, a lightly armed South Vietnamese communist-controlled common front, largely fought a guerrilla war against anti-communist forces in the region. The Vietnam People's Army (North Vietnamese Army) engaged in a more conventional war, at times committing large units into battle. U.S. and South Vietnamese forces relied on air superiority and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations, involving ground forces, artillery and airstrikes.

The U.S. government viewed involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam and part of their wider strategy of containment. The North Vietnamese government viewed the war as a colonial war, fought initially against France, backed by the U.S., and later against South Vietnam, which it regarded as a U.S. puppet state.  U.S. military advisors arrived beginning in 1950. U.S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with U.S. troop levels tripling in 1961 and tripling again in 1962.  U.S. combat units were deployed beginning in 1965. Operations spanned borders, with Laos and Cambodia heavily bombed. Involvement peaked in 1968 at the time of the Tet Offensive. After this, U.S. ground forces were withdrawn as part of a policy called Vietnamization. Despite the Paris Peace Accords, signed by all parties in January 1973, fighting continued.

U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973 as a result of the Case–Church Amendment passed by the U.S. Congress.  The capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese army in April 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War. North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities (See: Vietnam War casualties). Estimates of the number of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed vary from less than one million to more than three million.  Some 200,000–300,000 Cambodians, 20,000–200,000 Laotians, and 58,220 U.S. servicemembers also died in the conflict.


(https://en.wikipedia.org)









  • 1976:  Bob Marley And The Wailers release the album Rastaman Vibration





Quote:

Rastaman Vibration is a roots reggae album by Bob Marley & The Wailers released on April 30, 1976. While the album was a big hit in the USA, becoming the first (and only) Bob Marley release to hit the top ten on the Billboard 200 charts (peaking at #8), it did not generate a significant hit single, although "Roots, Rock, Reggae" was the only Bob Marley single to reach the Billboard Hot 100 charts, peaking at #51. Synthesizers are featured prominently on this album, adding a breezy embellishment to otherwise hard-driving songs with strong elements of rock guitar.

Song writing credits

Although the album's liner notes list multiple songwriters, including family friends and bandmembers, all songs were written by Marley. Marley was involved in a contractual dispute with his former publishing company, Cayman music.

Vincent Ford, a childhood friend from Jamaica, was given writing credit for "No Woman, No Cry" on the 1974 album Natty Dread, as well the songs "Crazy Baldheads" (with Marley's wife Rita), "Positive Vibration" and "Roots Rock Reggae" from the 1976 album Rastaman Vibration, along with "Inna De Red" and "Jah Bless" with Marley's son, Stephen.

Marley had not wanted his new songs to be associated with Cayman and it had been speculated, including in his obituary in The Independent, that he had put them in the names of his close friends and family members as a means of avoiding the contractual restrictions and as a way to provide lasting help to family and close friends.

Marley's widow and his former manager Danny Sims sued to obtain royalty and ownership rights to the songs, claiming that Marley had actually written the songs but had assigned the credit to Ford to avoid meeting commitments made in prior contracts. A 1987 court decision sided with the Marley estate, which assumed full control of the songs.

Track listing

Original Album (1976)

Side One


  1. "Positive Vibration" (Vincent Ford) - 3:33
  2. "Roots, Rock, Reggae" (Vincent Ford) - 3:38
  3. "Johnny Was" (Rita Marley) - 3:48
  4. "Cry to Me" (Rita Marley) - 2:36
  5. "Want More" (Aston Barrett) - 4:15

Side Two

  1. "Crazy Baldhead" (Rita Marley/Vincent Ford) - 3:11
  2. "Who the Cap Fit" (Aston Barrett/Carlton Barrett) - 4:43
  3. "Night Shift" (Bob Marley) - 3:11
  4. "War" (Allen Cole/Carlton Barrett) - 3:36
  5. "Rat Race" (Rita Marley) - 2:49


(https://en.wikipedia.org)









  • 2016:  Daniel Berrigan dies




Quote:

Daniel Joseph Berrigan SJ (May 9, 1921 – April 30, 2016) was an American Jesuit priest, anti-war activist, and poet.

Like many others during the 1960s, Berrigan's active protest against the Vietnam War earned him both scorn and admiration, but it was his participation in the Catonsville Nine that made him famous. It also landed him on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's "most wanted list" (the first-ever priest on the list), on the cover of Time magazine, and in prison.  His own particular form of militancy and radical spirituality in the service of social and political justice was significant enough, at that time, to "shape the tactics of resistance to the Vietnam War" in the United States.

For the rest of his life, Berrigan remained one of the US's leading anti-war activists. In 1980, he founded the Plowshares Movement, an anti-nuclear protest group, that put him back into the national spotlight.  He was also an award-winning and prolific author of some 50 books, a teacher, and a university educator.

Activism

Vietnam War era


    But how shall we educate men to goodness, to a sense of one another, to a love of the truth? And more urgently, how shall we do this in a bad time?
    — Berrigan, quoted on the cover of TIME Magazine (Jan. 25, 1971)

Berrigan, his brother and Josephite priest Philip Berrigan, and Trappist monk Thomas Merton founded an interfaith coalition against the Vietnam War and wrote letters to major newspapers arguing for an end to the war. In 1967, Berrigan witnessed the public outcry that followed from the arrest of his brother Philip, for pouring blood on draft records as part of the Baltimore Four. Philip was sentenced to six years in prison for defacing government property. The fallout he had to endure from these many interventions, including his support for prisoners of war and, in 1968, seeing firsthand the conditions on the ground in Vietnam, further radicalized Berrigan, or at least strengthened his determination to resist American military imperialism.

Berrigan traveled to Hanoi with Howard Zinn during the Tet Offensive in January 1968 to "receive" three American airmen, the first American prisoners of war released by the North Vietnamese since the U.S. bombing of that nation had begun.

In 1968, he signed the Writers and Editors War Tax Protest pledge, vowing to refuse to make tax payments in protest of the Vietnam War. In the same year, he was interviewed in the anti-Vietnam War documentary film In the Year of the Pig, and later that year became involved in radical non-violent protest.

Catonsville Nine

The short fuse of the American left is typical of the highs and lows of American emotional life. It is very rare to sustain a movement in recognizable form without a spiritual base.

Daniel Berrigan and his brother Philip, along with seven other Catholic protesters, used homemade napalm to destroy 378 draft files in the parking lot of the Catonsville, Maryland, draft board on May 17, 1968. This group, which came to be known as the Catonsville Nine, issued a statement after the incident:

    We confront the Roman Catholic Church, other Christian bodies, and the synagogues of America with their silence and cowardice in the face of our country's crimes. We are convinced that the religious bureaucracy in this country is racist, is an accomplice in this war, and is hostile to the poor.

Berrigan was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison, but went into hiding with the help of fellow radicals prior to imprisonment. While on the run, Berrigan was interviewed for Lee Lockwood's documentary The Holy Outlaw. The FBI apprehended him on August 11, 1970 at the home of William Stringfellow and Anthony Towne. Berrigan was then imprisoned at the Federal Correctional Institution in Danbury, Connecticut until his release on February 24, 1972.

In retrospect, the trial of the Catonsville Nine was significant because it "altered resistance to the Vietnam War, moving activists from street protests to repeated acts of civil disobedience, including the burning of draft cards."As The New York Times noted in its obituary, Berrigan's actions helped "shape the tactics of opposition to the Vietnam War."

Plowshares Movement

On September 9, 1980, Berrigan, his brother Philip, and six others (the "Plowshares Eight") began the Plowshares Movement. They trespassed onto the General Electric nuclear missile facility in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, where they damaged nuclear warhead nose cones and poured blood onto documents and files. They were arrested and charged with over ten different felony and misdemeanor counts. On April 10, 1990, after ten years of appeals, Berrigan's group was re-sentenced and paroled for up to 23 and 1/2 months in consideration of time already served in prison.Their legal battle was re-created in Emile de Antonio's 1982 film In the King of Prussia, which starred Martin Sheen and featured appearances by the Plowshares Eight as themselves.

Consistent life ethic

    I see an 'interlocking directorate' of death that binds the whole culture. That is, an unspoken agreement that we will solve our problems by killing people in various ways; a declaration that certain people are expendable, outside the pale. A decent society should no more have an abortion clinic than the Pentagon." — interview by Lucien Miller, Reflections, vol. 2, no. 4 (Fall 1979)

Berrigan endorsed a consistent life ethic, a morality based on a holistic reverence for life. As a member of the Rochester, New York-area consistent life ethic advocacy group Faith and Resistance Community, he protested via civil disobedience against abortion at a new Planned Parenthood clinic in 1991.

AIDS activism

Berrigan said of pastoral care to AIDS patients:

    We deal with very many gay Catholics who have felt terribly hurt and misused by the church. There are some people who want to be reconciled with the church and there are others who have great bitterness. So I try to perform whatever human or religious work that seems called for.

Berrigan published Sorrow Built a Bridge: Friendship and AIDS reflecting on his experiences ministering to AIDS patients through the Supportive Care Program at St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center in 1989. The Religious Studies Review wrote, "the strength of this volume lies in its capacity to portray sensitively the impact of AIDS on human lives." Speaking about AIDS patients, many of whom were gay, The Charlotte Observer quoted Berrigan saying in 1991, "Both the church and the state are finding ways to kill people with AIDS, and one of the ways is ostracism that pushes people between the cracks of respectability or acceptability and leaves them there to make of life what they will or what they cannot."

Other activism


Although much of his later work was devoted to assisting AIDS patients in New York City, Berrigan still held to his activist roots throughout his life. He maintained his opposition to American interventions abroad, from Central America in the 1980s, through the Gulf War in 1991, the Kosovo War, the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He was also an opponent of capital punishment, a contributing editor of Sojourners, and a supporter of the Occupy movement.

Berrigan has been considered by many to be a Christian anarchist.

In media

    Dar Williams's song "I Had No Right" from her album The Green World is about Berrigan and his trial.
    January 25, 1971: Featured on the cover of Time magazine along with his brother Philip.
    Adrienne Rich's poem "The Burning of Paper Instead of Children" makes numerous references to the Catonsville Nine and includes an epigraph from Daniel Berrigan during the trial ("I was in danger of verbalizing my moral impulses out of existence").
    It is frequently claimed that "the radical priest" in Paul Simon's song "Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard" refers to or was inspired by Berrigan
    Lynne Sachs's documentary film Investigation of a Flame is about the Berrigan brothers and the Catonsville Nine.
    Berrigan was interviewed about his life and activism for: Kisseloff, Jeff (2006). Generation on Fire: Voices of Protest from the 1960s, an Oral History. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2416-6..
    Berrigan appeared briefly in the 1986 Roland Joffé film The Mission, which starred Robert De Niro and Jeremy Irons.
    Berrigan is named in a list of famous persons in a dialogue between Jack Lemmon and Laurie Heineman in the 1973 film Save the Tiger.
    Berrigan's play The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1970) premiered at the Lyceum Theatre in New York City on June 2, 1971. The original cast featured the talents of Biff McGuire, Michael Moriarty, Josef Sommer, Sam Waterston, and James Woods, among others. Gordon Davidson received a 1972 Tony Award nomination for his direction of the play.
    The Trial of the Catonsville Nine was adapted in a 1972 film of the same name, produced by Gregory Peck and starring Ed Flanders as Berrigan.
    Berrigan is interviewed in Emile de Antonio's 1968 Vietnam War documentary In the Year of the Pig.
    Berrigan is featured in Emile de Antonio's 1983 film In the King of Prussia, also starring fellow activist Martin Sheen.
    Berrigan's involvement with the Catonsville Nine is explored in the 2013 documentary Hit & Stay.
    The character of Father Corrigan in the novel Let The Great World Spin (2009, by Colum McCann), was inspired by the life of Berrigan.
    Berrigan was interviewed for a television documentary called, "The Holy Outlaw," by National Educational Television aired September 1970.[60]
    The Berrigan brothers were referenced in the novel The Man Without a Shadow (2016, by Joyce Carol Oates)pp. 140–141.
    Daniel and Philip Berrigan were noted among other social justice activists on a section on Fasting for Peace and Justice, "Exploring a Great Spiritual Practice: Fasting" by Carole Garibaldi Rogers (2004), p. 155.

Death

On 30 April 2016, forty-one years after the conclusion of the Vietnam War, Berrigan died in The Bronx, New York City, at Murray-Weigel Hall, the Jesuit infirmary at Fordham University. For many years, since 1975,he had lived on the Upper West Side at the West Side Jesuit Community.


(https://en.wikipedia.org)
















Edited by Learyfan (04/25/21 05:11 PM)


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Offline28064212
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan] * 2
    #14375481 - 04/29/11 11:52 PM (12 years, 8 months ago)


:dancingshroom::happyweed::dancingshroom::happyweed::dancingshroom::happyweed::dancingshroom::happyweed::dancingshroom::happyweed:


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OfflineLearyfanS
It's the psychedelic movement!
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: 28064212] * 1
    #16158782 - 04/30/12 04:46 AM (11 years, 8 months ago)

Annual bump.

















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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



Edited by Learyfan (04/29/14 09:42 PM)


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OfflineLearyfanS
It's the psychedelic movement!
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan] * 1
    #18190797 - 04/30/13 05:47 AM (10 years, 8 months ago)

Full Rastaman Vibration LP

















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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



Edited by Learyfan (04/29/15 10:34 PM)


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InvisibleLe_Canard
The Duk Abides


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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan] * 1
    #18191074 - 04/30/13 08:25 AM (10 years, 8 months ago)

Good ol' Willie! Keep on smoking, dude. :gethigh:


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OfflineLearyfanS
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Le_Canard]
    #19920424 - 04/30/14 05:46 AM (9 years, 8 months ago)

Annual bump.

















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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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InvisibleCosmic_Flame
THE BREAKFAST EMPRESS
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan] * 2
    #19920438 - 04/30/14 05:55 AM (9 years, 8 months ago)

WOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO


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Pull the blinds and change their minds....


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OfflineLearyfanS
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Cosmic_Flame]
    #21616372 - 04/30/15 05:36 AM (8 years, 8 months ago)

40th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War today. 

















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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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OfflineLearyfanS
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan] * 1
    #23171930 - 04/30/16 07:38 AM (7 years, 8 months ago)

40th anniversary of the Rastaman Vibration album today.















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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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OfflineLearyfanS
It's the psychedelic movement!
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Registered: 04/20/01
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan]
    #24283114 - 04/30/17 02:52 AM (6 years, 8 months ago)

Annual bump.











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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



Edited by Learyfan (04/30/20 10:24 AM)


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OfflineLearyfanS
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Registered: 04/20/01
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan]
    #25174890 - 04/30/18 05:45 AM (5 years, 8 months ago)

Annual bump.











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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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OfflineLearyfanS
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Registered: 04/20/01
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan]
    #25963874 - 04/30/19 05:46 AM (4 years, 8 months ago)

Annual bump.










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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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OfflineLearyfanS
It's the psychedelic movement!
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Registered: 04/20/01
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan]
    #26638700 - 04/30/20 10:22 AM (3 years, 8 months ago)

45th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam war today.










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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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OfflineLearyfanS
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan]
    #27287468 - 04/30/21 05:03 AM (2 years, 8 months ago)

45th anniversary of the Rastaman Vibration album. Also it's the 5th anniversary of the death of Daniel Berrigan. R.I.P.









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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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OfflineLearyfanS
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Registered: 04/20/01
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan]
    #27757362 - 04/30/22 09:10 AM (1 year, 8 months ago)

Annual bump.









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--------------------------------


Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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OfflineLearyfanS
It's the psychedelic movement!
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Re: Today in counterculture history (04/30) [Re: Learyfan] * 1
    #28300874 - 04/30/23 09:04 AM (8 months, 26 days ago)

Annual bump.








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Mp3 of the month:  The Apple-Glass Cyndrome - Someday



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