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Offlinetroncotron
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Cross breeding experiments (pics)
    #11842133 - 01/16/10 06:06 PM (3 years, 4 months ago)

Here is the work i´ve been doing in cubensis breeding:

I bought a basic microscope enough for watching spores, hyfaes and clamp connections and started the agar work. I first attempted crossing with B+ and GT spores, but quickly realized that I needed some phenotypic marker to look for in the segregation, and B+ or GT wouldn´t work in that sense. So I took Penis envy and Shooting stars for my experiments:

Penis Envy



Shooting stars



First of all, a set of petri dishes were inoculated in a flow hod with a spore dilution of Penis envy strain. 48h later I could see some monokaryotic colonies starting to grow. I isolated 3 of these colonies and let them grow for a week, checking every day the absence of clamps. The growth was absolutely fluffy and cottony.  Then I inoculated a new dish with a drop of a Shooting Stars spore dilution and let 24h to start germination. After that, I re-inoculated the dish with a piece of P.Envy monokaryon and let it for 5 days. Assuming there are 2 genes controlling mating type, there should be a 25% mating probability once anastomosis takes place, so that I tough this method would be more efficient than confronting monokaryotic colonies. The idea is waiting until that piece of P.E mats with the first compatible monokaryon it meets and then remove the initial piece when becomes dikaryotic.

Penis envy monokaryotic


After that, I took the same piece of mycelium and checked it with the microscope. It was full of clamps, so I remove the piece and put in other dish. It started to grow aggressive and rhizomorphic.



In order to avoid scapes, I inoculated one jar with the monokaryotic mycelium and three with the dikaryotic one. After seven days, the suspected hybrid had a really nice rhizomorphic growing.
This photo shows the differences in growth parameters in grain.



The P.Envy cottony never colonized the full jar. It just stopped growing. I tried several times and it couldn´t advance neither in grain or straw bulk.

Finally, the F1  results:



I will update when F2 is ready...


Edited by troncotron (01/17/10 06:00 AM)


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OfflineRogerRabbitM
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11843816 - 01/16/10 11:06 PM (3 years, 4 months ago)

Clamp connections can be very hard to spot unless you got a pretty good scope.  I'd suggest counting nuclei in each cell to ensure there's only one.  How much did you dilute the spores?  If you're just dumping a single drop from a commercial spore syringe, I'd suspect you're placing a few thousand spores on the dish, which would explain the fuzzy mycelium.

The bumps in your second picture look a lot more like metabolite oozing rather than clamps.
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: RogerRabbit]
    #11845420 - 01/17/10 05:55 AM (3 years, 4 months ago)

Hello, RogerRabbit. I diluted the PE spore solution until 50-100 spores for drop. Then, took a drop and deposited in zigzag with a inoculation loop. The picture with fuzzy mycelium is the dish with the three isolated monokaryons of PE. I took them when they have just germinated an i could only see them with the scope and with a 10X magnifying glass. The PE dish photo in previous post was taken much later so they had already met.

About clamp connections, it is difficult to take decent photos with the camera attached to the ocular with tape:grin:, but i´m sure they are, i can clearly see them in each cell connection and i´m familiarized with them.



i´ll try countig nuclei, maybe with some tinction..


thanks

And excuse my English, i´m still learning


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11845717 - 01/17/10 09:01 AM (3 years, 4 months ago)

Very interesting, thanks for posting! I'm looking forward to the update.

Did you use any surfactant to keep the spores from clinging to each other?
How would you grade the possibility that the strains didn't combine, and you have fruited Shooting Stars only?


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: Pinback]
    #11848596 - 01/17/10 07:51 PM (3 years, 4 months ago)

> How would you grade the possibility that the strains didn't combine, and you have fruited Shooting Stars only?

After the putative mating, he removed mycelia from the PE monokaryon (now a dikaryon) to grow out. After mating two monokaryons, the nuclei will migrate throughout the hyphal network of each individual, so removing material from the edge of the colony furthestr from the point of contact will give you a good chance that you are getting what you think.

But you are right, it would be a good idea to grow out each of the parent strains along side the putative hybrid to compare them under the same conditions.


Good job, by the way, this is the kind of experimentation I like to see!


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: caricapapaya]
    #11849394 - 01/17/10 10:17 PM (3 years, 4 months ago)

A little congo red will make clamp connections easier to see, but will kill the mycelia, if possible take a small sample from a mass, and stain it while prepping your slide, usually if you find one, there is more in the mass the sample came from.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: mule]
    #11851977 - 01/18/10 11:18 AM (3 years, 4 months ago)

Thank you for the advices:thumbup:

the F1 has a huge spore production, i will inoculate soon some jars with a multispore solution.



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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11855000 - 01/18/10 08:15 PM (3 years, 4 months ago)

Another way to ensure you're getting the genetics you want is to cross two dikaryotic known fruiting strains.  It fails about 90% of the time or more, but that's still probably better odds than breeding monokaryons, and then waiting to see if it's a good fruiter with the qualities you desire. 

Put the two strains on the same petri dish and let them run together.  If a third sector opens up along the line of isolation, it's a third strain.  You can test it by placing on a petri dish with the two originals.  If they develop a line of isolation between all three, you know you've succeeded.
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: RogerRabbit]
    #11863891 - 01/20/10 04:38 AM (3 years, 4 months ago)

I found this method very interesting and confusing at the same time, I read J.Holliday paper, and I can´t understand what´s going on in this kind of somatic hybridization. If plasmogamy occurs between 2 dikaryotic strains and they can exchange his DNA trough recombination, the result would be a 4n organism, unless a meiotic stage takes place. But I suppose it would be a great discovery, cause as far as I know meiosis only takes place in the basidia.

Nevertheless, I find more useful working with monokaryons in a breeding program. A Bulk Segregant Analysis assisted with molecular markers will give you a lot of information, and once you have mapped the traits and mating type and have markers associated with them, you just have to isolate some monokaryons and look for the desired traits with a simple assay before crossing.


Edited by troncotron (01/20/10 04:40 AM)


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11864873 - 01/20/10 12:15 PM (3 years, 4 months ago)

keep us posted. dont let this thread die out.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: caricapapaya]
    #11865113 - 01/20/10 01:01 PM (3 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

you just have to isolate some monokaryons and look for the desired traits with a simple assay before crossing.




Unfortunately it isn't that simple. The more we learn about fungi, the more we learn how little we actually do know.  Nothing is simple.  Please keep us posted on your progress.
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11869337 - 01/21/10 12:10 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)

Interesting work and you wrote it up very well :thumbup:


Edited by Smokey the Bear (01/21/10 12:10 AM)


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: Smokey the Bear]
    #11871192 - 01/21/10 11:39 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)

Nice work and writeup!  The monokaryotic pic looks a little weird though.  What are the dots or speckles you see?


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: fastfred]
    #11877527 - 01/22/10 11:07 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)

Hello fastfred,

I think the pots appearing in the picture of monokaryotic micelium are media components. I took the picture over the petri dish, I mean without isolating a piece of it in a glass slide. This might also contribute to distort the image.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11880339 - 01/22/10 06:56 PM (3 years, 3 months ago)

If they can use somew rattlesnake venom to make a hybird of two seperate species from two seperate genera , then It would not be unimainable to think that a bit of rattlesnake venom might help teh process of getting two strains to combine . Just a thought, like hybridising P.cubensis and Stropharia roguso-anulata, that would be something!


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: Lennybernadino]
    #11883924 - 01/23/10 08:17 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)

I suppose snakevenome increases the possibility that horizontal transfer takes place. Is the only way I can imagine. Two dikaryotic cells in contact may exchange some genes through recombination if the sequences involved are homologous enough. The resultant strain should be a non balanced hybrid, not a 50/50 hybrid.

Here, a better picture of clamp connections of the suspected hybrid



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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11896147 - 01/25/10 04:08 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)

> Two dikaryotic cells in contact may exchange some genes through recombination if the sequences involved are homologous enough.

How would that happen?  Recombination usually only happens during meiosis.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: fastfred]
    #11896441 - 01/25/10 06:24 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)

I think it would be extremely rare, I was imaging something similar to illegitimate recombination in agrobacterium mediated transformations, but there are some models explaining homologous recombination in bacteria.

http://www.biorom.uma.es/contenido/av_bma/apuntes/T8/t8_recomb.htm

I don´t know if it can be spread to eukaryotic organisms, but if a trait passes from one strain to another, I suppose that recombination has to occur somehow. What do you think about it, Fastfred?


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #11897898 - 01/25/10 02:17 PM (3 years, 3 months ago)

If a nuclei did happen to migrate into the other strain it might end up getting destroyed.  If a DNA fragment happened to contain a NLS it could make it to the nucleus and be integrated into a host chromosome.

However all of that is highly unlikely.  And unless it conferred a highly advantageous trait it would go nowhere.  Even if it did it would have to happen at a hyphal tip or it would end up being just a single cell in the myc.


-FF


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: fastfred]
    #11903824 - 01/26/10 08:52 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)



This is a good picture. I have a dumb question. These strands are hyphae and the little half circle bumps are where the clamps are? Or these strands are the clamp connections?


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: anonjon]
    #11906740 - 01/26/10 07:05 PM (3 years, 3 months ago)

The clamps are the knobs.

Here's a pic of the mechanism.  It helps explain why the clamps are there at all.



On the right hand side it shows the steps of clamp formation and where the nuclei go.

Ignore the top right part and look to the right of where it says nuclear migration.

#1 & #2 you can just ignore

#3 clamp starts to form

#4 nuclei divide, 1st nucleus divides along new septum line leaving one in each cell.  2nd nucleus divides at clamp septum leaving one in the new cell and one in the clamp.

#5 clamp closes off from new cell

#6 clamp makes connection back to old cell and 2nd nucleus returns to old cell.

Hopefully that explains the pics well enough.  They're not so easy to understand without a description.

Basically the myc needs to properly segregate the nuclei so that each cell has 2 nuclei (dikaryotic).  My understanding is that 1 nucleus makes the septum and divides to either side.  The other is trapped in the new cell leaving the old cell with only one nuclei, which is the reason it makes a clamp to get back to the old cell.


-FF


Edited by fastfred (01/26/10 07:23 PM)


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: fastfred]
    #11918007 - 01/28/10 04:01 PM (3 years, 3 months ago)

Ok, I know its only been 10 days or so, but any updates?


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: caricapapaya]
    #11960079 - 02/04/10 10:06 AM (3 years, 3 months ago)

Thanks for the info fastfred, here is more info about the genetic control of mating type.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc?term=Mating-type%20genes%20for%20basidiomycete%20strain%20improvement%20in%20mushroom%20...

Now about the crossing,

I´ve noticed that some of the F1 fruits have a wavy mutant-like stem.



The F2 is germinating. I´ve inoculated 4 jars with a multispore solution. Lots of germination points are appearing, which is good, cause i´m looking for genetic variability as a result of recombination. Once the wheat grain is fully colonized i´ll use it to inoculate straw bulk in trays. The idea is to allow as much sub-strains as possible to fruit and look for special phenotypes.



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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #12120555 - 03/01/10 03:53 PM (3 years, 2 months ago)

Any updates?


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: caricapapaya]
    #12268229 - 03/25/10 10:22 AM (3 years, 1 month ago)

Finally, F2 is fruiting:

Once the grain masters were fully colonized, I used one jar to inoculate some straw (the same as in previous experiments with the F1 and P lines).

As I expected, the fruiting block is showing a variety of phenotypes and recessive traits. Pin formation is almost identical to Shooting strain, it forms lots of little pins that never reach even primordia stage.



Penis shape is present in some individuals:



There is also a new phenotype different from parental strains and similar to F1 hybrid:



I´ll keep updating


Edited by troncotron (03/25/10 10:23 AM)


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #12283227 - 03/27/10 04:09 PM (3 years, 1 month ago)

Here´s another phenotype showing the nipple typical from shooting strain. I´m looking for intermediate phenotypes, I would like to found a strain capable to open the cap as normal cubensis but carrying P.E shape. Maybe is still soon and have to wait for the F3..



Edited by troncotron (03/27/10 04:11 PM)


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #12286454 - 03/28/10 09:23 AM (3 years, 1 month ago)

This is fascinating.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: mukhail]
    #12286572 - 03/28/10 10:29 AM (3 years, 1 month ago)

:mushdance:  :popcorn:


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: eVenom]
    #12288473 - 03/28/10 06:03 PM (3 years, 1 month ago)

I think some of the 'phenotypes' you are displaying are actually just simple common mutations rather than the result of hybridization.

These are the fruits we should be looking at rather than a few scrawny loner mutants:



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Edited by anonjon (03/28/10 06:04 PM)


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: anonjon]
    #12291138 - 03/29/10 08:16 AM (3 years, 1 month ago)

- Please, could you explain me what kind of mutation restores P.E to normal shape?

- Do you consider these fruits scrawny mutants??



- How could you consider ´loner´ more than 50% individuals of the total fruiting block?

- These are the fruits you mention, they have a clear P.E shape. You can see behind your suspected ´mutants´.



I´m sorry if sometimes I´m not very accurate with my explanations, but English is not my language and sometimes it´s really difficult for me to express exactly what I want to mean. I just wanted to point that the variability expected in F2 is a fact.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #12295407 - 03/29/10 10:56 PM (3 years, 1 month ago)

those are good yah. Sorry.

I like the difference in the annulus.

Do you suspect that this one:


is the cross-strain? or is pe?


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: anonjon]
    #12316132 - 04/02/10 06:44 AM (3 years, 1 month ago)

Hey,

I think it´s going to be difficult to found something intermediate, as I suspect you can´t have at the same time "P.E cap shape" trait and the "normal shape" one (in contrast to albino trait) cause it´s the same locus and P.E is recessive. I would be satisfied just with something "different".

Please, take a look at this beautiful fruits from the first flush:laugh:



1- Variety of phenotypes. The first one never opened the cap
2- The wavy lamellae didn´t dropped spores, I´ll do some agar work with it.
3- A nice golden light colored fruit. It produced much less amount of spores than the F1 and.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #12316815 - 04/02/10 11:49 AM (3 years, 1 month ago)

i love those crazy lookin gills from that second pic.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: dxharms]
    #12359152 - 04/09/10 01:54 AM (3 years, 1 month ago)

Bump for more info. This is so interesting I cannot wait to see the results.


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #13146939 - 09/04/10 03:10 PM (2 years, 8 months ago)

Any updates?

:popcorn:


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: nexus1946]
    #13149758 - 09/05/10 10:32 AM (2 years, 8 months ago)

That's insane bro. I'm definitely going to attempt genetic breeding and stuff of that sort once i get a grip on growing shrooms


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: dxharms]
    #13168381 - 09/09/10 01:18 AM (2 years, 8 months ago)

Great experiment.
Interesting choice of strains.
Please let us know how your "Shooting Penis" is coming along...


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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: picaman]
    #13170542 - 09/09/10 03:34 PM (2 years, 8 months ago)

Love seeing ppl experiment :smile:Keep up the good work!


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OfflineFilamentousFungi
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Registered: 08/24/10
Posts: 487
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: troncotron]
    #13170947 - 09/09/10 04:57 PM (2 years, 8 months ago)

Quote:

troncotron said:
Here´s another phenotype showing the nipple typical from shooting strain. I´m looking for intermediate phenotypes, I would like to found a strain capable to open the cap as normal cubensis but carrying P.E shape. Maybe is still soon and have to wait for the F3..






Take your best ⍾clone isolate Dstrain(Dikaryon) of P.E. and Malabar, and make those turn Mstrain(monokaryotic).  Label those mstrains P.E.ⓐ, P.E.ⓑ, Malabarⓐ, & Malabarⓑ.  Combine the Mstrains on agar and you will get these offspring ⍾(P.E.ⓐxMalabarⓐ), ⍾(P.E.ⓐxMalabarⓑ), ⍾(P.E.ⓑxMalabarⓐ), & ⍾(P.E.ⓑxMalabarⓑ).  I bet one of those crosses would yield the traits that you are after.


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InvisibleHologram
BoxGobbler
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Registered: 12/12/09
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: FilamentousFungi]
    #13189663 - 09/13/10 04:23 PM (2 years, 8 months ago)

So did you just create a new "strain" "variety"  watever its called?


i want to learn how.....how come there isnt subforums for cloning and breeding. i think there should be specific subforums like there are in The mush cult section

IMO

:hippie:


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NEVER FORGET


seriously.


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OfflineDoctopus
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Registered: 09/08/10
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: Hologram]
    #13212588 - 09/18/10 03:05 AM (2 years, 8 months ago)

Those stems on the F1 and F2 generation really share the characteristics of PE stems (all gnarly and knotted) while the caps have the shooting star nipple and conical shape.

Beautiful job man, I hope your new "breed" will be good. Id love to work with it :smile:


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Psychedelics are the only capable thing of pushing one's mind to the edge of infinity....


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InvisibleBase Icks
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Registered: 03/19/10
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: Doctopus]
    #13219528 - 09/19/10 07:56 PM (2 years, 7 months ago)

:popcorn:


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Offlineasm0309
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Registered: 09/14/10
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: Base Icks]
    #13231971 - 09/22/10 05:45 PM (2 years, 7 months ago)

hello, i know im new but i was wondering why just the P.E. and shooting star? what where you hoping for in terms of the hybrid? like it was stated before it seems like it would be hard to get both cap traits in one or even an intermediate.

I do think a P.E. stalk with a shooting star cap would be insane though. Very cool thread has gotten me interested in the idea of new 'breeds'.

keep up the great work i cant wait to see.


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Offlinetroncotron
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Registered: 12/13/08
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Re: Cross breeding experiments (pics) [Re: asm0309]
    #13243840 - 09/25/10 09:52 AM (2 years, 7 months ago)

Hello, I chose this varieties cause they have easy recognizable traits that I could search for in the segregating population. I just wanted to know if it was possible and in this case, how to do it. Now the project is over, I´m not interested in obtaining an intermediate strain but I may take it up again in the future


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