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Earthspirit
The Living Man
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Organic Chemistry 5
#20417408 - 08/14/14 10:53 AM (9 years, 7 months ago) |
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Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Carbon is the sixth element on the periodic table and is truly remarkable. The atomic structure of carbon allows it to form stable, covalent bonds1 with other carbon atoms. This allows the formation of a nearly limitless number of carbon compounds. If you can think up a structure of carbon-to-carbon bonds, somewhere in our vast universe that compound probably exists. Some of the various allotropic2 forms that carbon can take are graphite, diamond, and buckminsterfullerene. If you could see the individual atoms of graphite, it would appear that they were arranged as flat sheets layered upon each other. These sheets have the ability to slide over each other, leading to the smooth feeling of graphite as it glides over various substances, like paper, for example. Diamond has a three-dimensional structure (as opposed to the 2D graphite sheets) giving it its characteristic hardness. Indeed, it is one of the hardest natural substances known to man. Molecules of buckminsterfullerene would look like soccer balls, if you could magnify them enough to see.
(http://chem-test-review.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/4/3/24430149/1604703_orig.jpg)Carbon can also form stable bonds with other elements leading to the formation of compounds such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, etc. These compounds can all have vastly different properties depending on their structure. For example, ethanol is a widely used intoxicant of little harm if used in moderation by a healthy person. It is composed of two carbons, six hydrogens, and one oxygen, or C 2H 6O. Methanol, by contrast, is dangerous in any amount, potentially causing blindness or death. The difference between the two compounds? One less carbon and two less hydrogens, or CH 4O. a)methanol b)ethanol (http://cnx.org/content/m39455/1.1/CG12C1_055.png)The last property of carbon that I’ll mention is it’s ability to form double or triple bonds with other carbon atoms. These are known as alkenes and alkynes, respectively. All these properties make carbon one of the most interesting elements in the universe. The study of carbon is so vast and important to our species (we are carbon-based lifeforms, after all) that we’ve dedicated an entire branch of chemistry to it. Organic chemistry is essentially the study of carbon and the compounds composed of it. Every bit of food (not including water) and almost every medication/drug that a person puts into his/her body is a compound of carbon. Nearly everything in our man made environments are also (plastics, rubbers, fibers, etc.). It’s easy to see why studying this subject is so practical for many various fields and careers.
(http://www.aspirin-foundation.com/graphics/photos/aspirin.gif)I’m very excited to teach this course and I’ll have more lessons coming soon that are less encyclopedic. My goal is to start basic (absolute beginners) and get more advanced as we go through the lessons. I’ll also be throwing in some short lessons on general chemistry to discuss topics like determining molar mass or the discussion of inter- and intra-molecular bonding or anything else I happen to feel is relevant.
1. Covalent bond - the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms 2. Allotropy – the tendency of certain elements to exist in more than one formReferences:
All information is referenced from the book General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 7e by Katherine J. Denniston, Joseph J. Topping, and Robert L. Caret
Edited by Earthspirit (08/14/14 11:16 AM)
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Smokey-hitz
Geocacher
Registered: 01/02/11
Posts: 1,000
Loc: In the thumb
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ill be watching this thread
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flower_child
Dawson
Registered: 12/13/05
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Looking forward to this thread!
-------------------- Today while walking up the stairs I met a man who wasn't there He wasn't there again today Oh how I wish he'd stay away
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maasenmuhaasen
Stranger
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I'm in this class! I love OChem, but it's pretty difficult. I recommend simple guides to reaction mechanisms, substitutions/eliminations, syntheses, etc as these are a lot of things to memorize!
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Dorfnob
J.U.I.C.E.
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magickspore
Registered: 12/11/12
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: Dorfnob]
#20442895 - 08/19/14 02:22 PM (9 years, 7 months ago) |
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Quote:
Dorfnob said:
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alexpg
Stranger
Registered: 08/21/14
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Sounds great looking forward to the lessons.
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kmetric
Registered: 08/23/14
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: alexpg]
#20482094 - 08/26/14 11:32 PM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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Awesome..I'm in as well.
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jsncrs
DYEL
Registered: 01/16/14
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: kmetric]
#20482211 - 08/27/14 12:04 AM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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I'm in. Always wanted to learn this shit.
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4HO-DMT
Registered: 01/11/11
Posts: 5,073
Loc: County Line Road
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You got me, hook, line and sinker. I'm eager to learn more.
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jsncrs
DYEL
Registered: 01/16/14
Posts: 1,170
Loc: Mars
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: jsncrs]
#20482377 - 08/27/14 12:57 AM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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Wondering if anyone can answer this quick question, why is Ethanol written as C2H6O, but in the Aspirin image, the structure is written as OCOCH3? does that mean that aspirin could be shown as C2O2H3? is it just a different way of writing it? hope that makes sense. Awesome thread btw, can't wait for more.
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Ice9
3X Ban Lotto Champion
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: jsncrs]
#20483343 - 08/27/14 09:39 AM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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jsncrs, the first one C2H6O is the molecular formula, and only conveys information on the number of different atoms in a molecule (an it's formula weight by extension). The second is a form of shorthand when drawing a chemical structure used in place of drawing out common chemical structures, in this case the acetyl group. The OCOCH3 indicates not only what kind and how many atoms, but also their connectivity to each other, in this case -O-C(=O)-CH3. Hope this helps.
-------------------- The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Brenard Shaw
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jsncrs
DYEL
Registered: 01/16/14
Posts: 1,170
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: Ice9]
#20485561 - 08/27/14 06:59 PM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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Quote:
Ice9 said: jsncrs, the first one C2H6O is the molecular formula, and only conveys information on the number of different atoms in a molecule (an it's formula weight by extension). The second is a form of shorthand when drawing a chemical structure used in place of drawing out common chemical structures, in this case the acetyl group. The OCOCH3 indicates not only what kind and how many atoms, but also their connectivity to each other, in this case -O-C(=O)-CH3. Hope this helps.
Ah, makes sense! thanks for clearing that up
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4HO-DMT
Registered: 01/11/11
Posts: 5,073
Loc: County Line Road
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Earthspirit, will you show us a simple synthesis?
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azur
God of Fuck
Registered: 04/21/12
Posts: 28,103
Loc: Daid
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: 4HO-DMT]
#20486792 - 08/27/14 11:49 PM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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Present
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Gorlax
Registered: 05/06/08
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: 4HO-DMT]
#20486821 - 08/27/14 11:57 PM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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That's a hard question. There's a million different synthesis techniques.
You got your major ones like Substitution reactions and elimination reactions. Then you got aldol condensations and hydrolysis. Then you got random ones teachers just want to teach you.
This is really hard topic that kind of needs buildup before you can get a hang of the material. I'd probably start with periodic table and valence electrons and that non-sense.
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Biodiversity
(323)654-6192
Registered: 05/15/11
Posts: 1,000
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: Gorlax]
#20499066 - 08/30/14 07:06 PM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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Posting to receive updates.
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Trentcoat
Stranger
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can't wait for the recrystallisation section. purity is king. and if I could ask if you could explain the pH calculation for a acid base extraction. I am a little bit fuzzy on what determines the pH in the initial extraction into h20,then into hydrochloric acid then to naphtha. I'm sure you will explain, and please anyone with suggestions on solvents, acids and bases Thanks
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azur
God of Fuck
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: Trentcoat] 1
#20507861 - 09/01/14 08:18 PM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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Teacher.....
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psychedelicbath
petrichor
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Re: Organic Chemistry [Re: azur]
#20511602 - 09/02/14 07:20 PM (9 years, 6 months ago) |
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more!
-------------------- The human being is part of a whole, called by us the "universe", a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings, as something separate from the rest - a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circles of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. - Albert Einstein
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