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OfflineAlan RockefellerM
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Fungi of San Diego * 1
    #13461957 - 11/10/10 01:29 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Glossary:


Pileipellis - The top layer of the cap.
Lamellar trama, hymenophoral trama - The inside tissue of a gill.
Pileus trama, cap trama - The inside tissue of the cap.
Cheilocystidia - Large bottle-like cells on the edge of a gill. 
Pleurocystidia - Large bottle-like cells on the face of a gill.
Pileocystidia - Large bottle-like cells on the top of the cap.
Pedicel - The place where a puffball spore attaches to the puffballs interior.
Peridium - The outer skin of a puffball.
Stipe - Stem
Hyaline - clear

The migrographs which show the pileipellis, pileus trama and gills were made by slicing off a small part of the cap margin with a razor blade, then making a second extremely thin slice which looks like a sawblade.  If you picture a sawblade, the tips of the sawteeth will be the cheilocystidia, the edges of the sawteeth is where the pleurocystidia are, the sawblade itself has the pileus trama and the back of the sawblade would be the pileipellis. Sectioning in this way allows these four important features to be seen in one picture.  This type of section is very difficult to make if the material is dried.

All spore pics are at 1000x, and the divions on the scale are 1.00 micrometers.

All pictures and micrographs were taken with a Canon Powershot A710.  Pictures were shot in P mode with auto white balance.  For light mushrooms on dark backgrounds the exposure compensation was set to between -1 and -2.  For dark mushrooms on light backgrounds, +1.

80% of the photos and 100% of the micrographs were edited with the gimp to crop, sharpen and color correct them. 

After ten weeks hunting mushrooms in Mexico I flew from Guadalajara to San Diego to give a presentation to the San Diego Mycological Society called "Psilocybin Mushrooms of North America".  (http://plantobserver.org/psil.of.north.america.ppt).  Afterwards I went to Lipa's house for 3 days of mushroom hunting.  The micrographs are made using his amscope.  It is a good microscope and I like it but the light is not bright enough.  It would be a great scope if a fan and higher power halogen lamp was installed in the base.

This is my second time in San Diego.  Being just a few miles from Mexico, San Diego has many interesting mushrooms that we do not get in northern california. I found a lot of things I had never seen before.  The Discisida's were completely new to me, and Boletus dryophilus was everywhere.  We never find these species in the bay area.  This is my first time finding Skeletocutis and Antrodia,



Hemimycena sp.

Tiny common white mushroom which fades to yellowish as it ages.



Psilocybe cyanescens

This collection is from Escondido and is the furthest south that this species has ever been recorded.





Pileipellus, pileus trama, hymenophoral trama, gills.  40x.



Pileipellis, cap trama.  100x.



Cheilocystidia, gill cross section.



Cheilocystidia, gill edge.



Pleurocystidia.





Spores 1000x



Camarophyllopsis sp.  (maybe undescribed)





Gills, pileipellis 100x



Gill cross section showing lamellar trama,



Spores 1000x



Psathyrella sp., maybe P. longipes





Pileipellis and gills, 40x



Cheilocystidia 400x, stained with cotton blue



Spores 1000x



Pholiota sp.  Could not key this one out.  There are not many Pholiotas that lack pleurocystidia, but they are definitely not present in this collection.









Pileipellis, gills, cap trama.  40x.



Pileipellis, cap trama.  100x.



Cheilocystidia



Spores 1000x



Psathyrella, maybe P. bipellis but that species is supposed to have cheilocystidia.  Could not locate cystidia in this collection which should be present in P. bipellis, so maybe it is something else.





Pileipellis and gills, 40x



Spores 1000x



Bovista pila

Similar to B. plumbea but has a smaller pedicel attached to each spore.





An older one



Spores 1000x

This species has a one micron pedicel.



Bovista plumbea

This is the common species that is everywhere, with the long pedicel attached to the spores.  Spores ovoid, clear, smooth, 4 × 4 – 5 microns.



The pedicel on this species is around 8 microns long!



Chlorophyllum brunneum







The same species, from Balboa Park:





Leucoagaricus sp., section Rubrotincti

Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia absent.  Spores hyaline, 7.2 – 7.8 × 4.6 – 5.1.





Gill edge 400x



Spores 1000x



Gymnopus subpruinosus





Pileipellis, pileus trama, gills at 40x 



Cheilocystidia, 400x, stained with cotton blue



Skeletocutis sp.

On coast live oak. White at the outside, pink with tiny pores on the inside. Approx 3 pores per millimeter.

Spores dark purplish, 9 microns, round, smooth.





Spores 1000x



Disciseda brandegeei

The spores are round and smooth, with a small pigtail. Fruiting body often looks like an acorn.



Spores 1000x



Russula sp.

Under coast live oak.  Flavor very mild.  Flesh firm.  All white.

Spores ornamented, amyloid and subglobose, 8 – 9 × 7 – 8 micrometers.

Cap peels 20% of the way from the margin to the disc.

Cheilocystidia abundant, flexuous, cylindrical. Pleurocystidia shaped like the large oxygen tank on the space shuttle, often with a sharp apex.





Gill edge, lamellar trama



Pleurocystidia pointed.



Cheilocystidia abundant, flexuous, cylindrical.



Spores mounted in Melzer's reagent.  Amyloid, ornamented and subglobose.



Boletus chrysenteron

Under coast live oak.  Bruising sky blue.  Spores smooth, some ellipsoid and others fusiform, not truncate







Boletus dryophilus

Under coast live oak. Staining blue a little. Red stem, yellow at apex.





Spores 1000x



Rhizopogon ochraceorubens

Under pine.  Spores ellipsoid, smooth, non-amyloid, 6-7 × 3 - 3.5 micrometers.



Peridium 400 microns thick and reddening in KOH.



Inside 100x



Spores 1000x



Boletus truncatus





Pileipellis 400x.

This looks like a pileocystidia or maybe it is just the tips of hyphae.



Spores truncate.  (with one flat end)



This looks a little like Melanoleuca alboflavida but is probably an undescribed species.

Pleurocystidia not observed. Cheilocystidia harpoon shaped with encrustations. Spores with amyloid warts.





Pileipellis, gills.  Stained with congo red.



Cheiocystidia not abundant, very sharp, urticoid (harpoon shaped) with encrustations.





Spores 1000x.  Normally these spores are clear but the melzers reagent lets you see the amyloid ornamentation.



Scleroderma reae

A rare species, no one had posted it on mushroomobserver yet.

The vice president of the San Diego Mycological Society is a really awesome shaman and he used some sort of shamanic bs that acutally works to find these in San Dieguito Park.





Peridium (outer skin)



Spores 1000x.  Reticulate and spiky.



Calvatia sp.



Leratiomyces percevalii

We found a lot of these in San Dieguito Park.

Pleurocystidia absent, cheilocystidia extremely abundant, cylindric and flexuous.  Chrysocystidia absent so its not a Stropharia.







Pileipellis, lamellar trama, pileus trama, gill edges.  40x.



Gill cross section showing the gill edges and lamellar trama.



Cheilocystidia and lamellar trama



Spores 1000x



Agaricus californicus



Spores 1000x



Laetiporus sulphureus

On Eucalyptus.



Trametes versicolor





Pores 40x



Pore 400x, with cystidia



Scleroderma areolatum

Small, thin skin which stains red, shaped like an inverted pear, surface scaly with brownish scales, white rhizomorphs at the base. Spores spiny, round, not reticulate, 12 micrometers, with 2 micrometer spines.  Inside skin staining reddish after being cut. Outside instantly staining reddish brown with KOH.





Cross section, 3 minutes after being cut.  It takes about a minute for the red to appear.



Immediately after application of 5% KOH solution.



Spores 1000x



Antrodia albida

Lipa found this on a Eucalyptus stump.  Looks a little like a waterfall.





Pores, cystidia, basidia



Spores 1000x



Agaricus bitorquis

Very firm flesh, short, not staining red.  Growing near the coast near A. bernardii.







Gill edge



Gill face



Spores 1000x



Hericium coralloides

On coast live oak.



Lipa photographing it.



Lentinellus ursinus

On well decayed coast live oak.

Cap with tiny hairs.  Taste peppery, numbing the mouth for a few minutes.  Spores 4 × 3 microns, globose-elliptical, with a conspicuous hilar appendage.

Gills serate.

Cheilocystidia not extremely common, but not rare. Of at least 2 types, one with a sharp apex and green spots inside, and the other with a squarely cut off apex, less common.





Pileipellis cross section, gills, pileus trama, lamellar trama.  100x.



Serrate gill edge



Gill edge showing interesting sharp cheilocystidia with green spots.



Basidia also with little green spots



Spores 1000x



Marasmius curreyi

The mycoweb page says it is one of the most rare fungi in California based in the number of herbarium deposits.  Never before seen on mushroomobserver.





Disciseda candida

A small puffball that is often shaped like a ufo.  It grows out in the open in sand,

Spores round, with a short stubby pedicel, minutely warted, 5 × 5 microns.





Spores 1000x


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Invisiblesko0bydo0
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #13461975 - 11/10/10 01:39 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Holy Shit man!:eek:


--------------------



:shineon:


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Offlineelprawn
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: sko0bydo0]
    #13461998 - 11/10/10 01:48 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Just amazing photographs, work, dedication... Fantastic, mate. Your threads set the benchmark for reading pleasure.

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InvisibleMr. Mushrooms
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #13461999 - 11/10/10 01:48 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Alan Rockefeller said:

All pictures and micrographs were taken with a Canon Powershot A710.  Pictures were shot in P mode with auto white balance.  For light mushrooms on dark backgrounds the exposure compensation was set to between -1 and -2.  For dark mushrooms on light backgrounds, +1.

80% of the photos and 100% of the micrographs were edited with the gimp to crop, sharpen and color correct them. 





One of your best, if not the best, threads.  For those interested in making superior micrographs, could you describe the method used for physically taking them?  How do you shoot down the eyepiece?  Is it as simple as holding the camera above the eyepiece (how close?), focusing and taking the photo?

If I remember correctly you refitted your Amscope with a Nikon objective (100x).  What is the model number?


--------------------

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InvisibleTimmiTM
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #13462243 - 11/10/10 03:34 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

:awesome: Awesome thread Alan! I love all the microscopy


--------------------
"Reality leaves a lot to the imagination" ~ John Lennon

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Invisiblekarode13Facebook
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #13462246 - 11/10/10 03:38 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Great post and pictures Alan.:stoned::thumbup:

San Diego has some cool fungi.


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InvisibleBobzimmer
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: karode13]
    #13462271 - 11/10/10 03:52 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Awesome thread! Great photos Alan. Your best work yet!:cool:


--------------------
Mr. Mushrooms said:
I will confess something that should be quite obvious, CC.  I love mushrooms, i.e. fungi.  I really do.  I am talking about a strong feeling, i.e. emotion, for them.  I think they are beautiful.  I even dream of them.

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Offlinenever_2_high
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Bobzimmer]
    #13462345 - 11/10/10 04:44 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Cool pictures Allen!:mushroomgrow:

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InvisibleParkseerf
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: never_2_high]
    #13462669 - 11/10/10 06:52 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

:congrats: An inspiration:thumbup: Great work man

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Offlineelprawn
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Parkseerf]
    #13462673 - 11/10/10 06:53 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:

Parks229 said:
:congrats: An inspiration:thumbup: Great work man




It was **** ***********, not Workman.

:lolsy:

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Offlinemasspan
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: elprawn]
    #13462698 - 11/10/10 07:03 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

:eek: wow :eek:

was going to fire up the old B-52 neutron smashing micronographergraphix 2000 and bust a few of these out myself...better not to now

thanks for sharing :sunny:


--------------------


my mother said, to get things done, you'd better not mess with Major Tom...whose status is the baddest, everytime 'they' bless the apparatus

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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #13462704 - 11/10/10 07:05 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Thanks Alan!


--------------------

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Offlineelementblazin
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: landsnorkler]
    #13462851 - 11/10/10 07:47 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

CYANS!! IN ESCO?? i gotta check now, i live so close, you give me hope that i might fight cyan's in socal!


--------------------
My CA Legend:
A plus sign (+) means I took it within 20 minutes of then.
A minus sign (-) means I took it more than 20 minutes ago, but it's still active.

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Invisibletrigger
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: elementblazin]
    #13462863 - 11/10/10 07:52 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

alan, write a friggin book or something, it would be very useful to mushroomkind


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If you want to under stand me more better, use a hillbilly redneck voice while trans posing my words 

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Invisiblelipa


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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #13463140 - 11/10/10 09:54 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Quote:


The vice president of the San Diego Mycological Society is a really awesome shaman and he used some sort of shamanic bs that acutally works to find these in San Dieguito Park.




:lol:

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OfflineTwiztidsage
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: lipa]
    #13463160 - 11/10/10 10:03 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

Great work, as always!

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Invisibledhpgetsit
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: lipa]
    #13463202 - 11/10/10 10:20 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

(Lifting jaw off the floor and popping the eyes back in their sockets here...)
OMFG!!!  I love these images!

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Invisibleriverdweller
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Twiztidsage]
    #13463237 - 11/10/10 10:30 AM (13 years, 4 months ago)

"Camarophyllopsis sp.  (maybe undescribed)"

I read something on this from '08, I believe, that said it was on the endangered species list. 

About your Scleroderma reae,  I believe I found something like that late last month.  I will post in a new thread.
As always, an excellent post.  I turn green with envy at your shared adventures!


--------------------
I'm still here  :wink:

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Offlinealiensexxx
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: riverdweller]
    #13464345 - 11/10/10 04:17 PM (13 years, 4 months ago)

:goodnews: fantastic !


--------------------

"..and we danced, on the brink of an unknown future, to an echo from the vanished past.."

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Offline2859558484
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Re: Fungi of San Diego [Re: Alan Rockefeller]
    #13464435 - 11/10/10 04:34 PM (13 years, 4 months ago)

nice work alan. you really have a knack for finding mushrooms.


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