The pasteurization is carried out for a prolonged time at around 170°F and is supposed to kill only heat susceptible organisms and their spores, while sterilization works at a temperature of 250°F and is supposed to kill all organisms.
The beneficial microorganisms(mainly bacteria)that are left alive when pasteurizing, guard the substrate against other contaminants, for instance different molds, but don't affect the growth of mushroom mycelium.
Pasteurization is used for bulk substrates like straw, dung and composts and wood chips, also casings, and sterilization for all high nutritious substrates, like different grains.
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