What are those little brown/red dots pushing into the glass of the jar from the cake?

Those are pins, and are good things. The look like "red headed worms". PF has some nice, illustrative pictures of what primordia (pre -mushrooms) look like. If you are going to grow off of cakes, it is advised to wait until your jars are fully colonized AND have visible primordia. This almost guarantees a cake that will fruit and fruit well (the longer you let it colonize, the more pins, the better chance you cake will produce). If you decide to case, you do not need to wait for these pins as you will have to remove them Once you crumble the substrate.

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